L1example
yad-antaram upāsituṁ kamala-yonim ījur guṇā
yad-antaramher very inner self — the heart (of the friend, picked up by 'yat') object of upāsitum; yad- = 'whose', resolved below to the sakhīजिस (सखी) के अन्तःकरण की
upāsituṁin order to serve / worship infinitive of purposeउपासना (सेवा) करने के लिए
kamala-yonimBrahmā, the lotus-born (whom they worshipped)कमल से उत्पन्न ब्रह्मा की
ījurworshipped ījuḥ, perfect of √yajपूजा की
guṇāthe very good qualities — did the worshipping(धैर्य आदि) गुणों ने
guṇāḥ — the good qualities; yad-antaram upāsituṁ — in order to serve her inner heart; kamala-yonim — Brahmā the lotus-born; ījuḥ — worshipped.
yad-antaram — जिसके अन्तःकरण की; upāsituṁ — उपासना करने के लिए; kamala-yonim — कमलयोनि ब्रह्मा की; ījur — पूजा की; guṇā — गुणों ने।
The good qualities themselves worshipped Brahmā, the lotus-born — and all just to earn the right to serve her inner heart.
गुणों ने — जिसके अन्तःकरण की सेवा पा सकें, इसके लिए — कमल से उत्पन्न ब्रह्मा की उपासना की।
An udāharaṇa illustrating kṛṣṇe sakhyāḥ samarpaṇam, 'the sakhī's presenting [her friend] to Kṛṣṇa', announced in the lead-in — the friend Viśākhā offers her companion into Kṛṣṇa's hand.
यह उदाहरण 'कृष्ण को सखी का समर्पण' विषय का है — प्रस्तावना में यही कहा गया कि सखी अपनी सहेली को कृष्ण को सौंपती है; यहाँ सखी विशाखा अपनी सहचरी को कृष्ण के हाथ में अर्पित करती है।
L2example
yad-aṅgam upasevituṁ taruṇimāpi cakre tapaḥ |
yad-aṅgamher body — the limbs (of the same friend) object of upasevitumजिस (सखी) के अंगों की
upasevituṁin order to attend upon / serve infinitive of purposeसेवा (उपसेवन) करने के लिए
taruṇimāyouthfulness itself — the subject that actsतरुणिमा (यौवन) ने
apieven (youthfulness too had to earn its place)भी
cakreperformedकिया
tapaḥausterityतप
taruṇimā api — even youthfulness; yad-aṅgam upasevituṁ — in order to serve her body; tapaḥ cakre — performed austerity.
yad-aṅgam — जिसके अंगों की; upasevituṁ — सेवा करने के लिए; taruṇimā — यौवन ने; api — भी; cakre — किया; tapaḥ — तप।
And even youthfulness had to do austerities — just to be allowed to serve her body.
यौवन ने भी — जिसके अंगों की सेवा पा सके, इसके लिए — तप किया।
L3example
nava-praṇaya-mādhurī-pramada-medureyaṁ sakhī
nava-praṇaya-mādhurī-pramada-medurāmade tender and rich by the joy that comes of the sweetness of ever-fresh love long bahuvrīhi describing sakhī; unpacked pada-by-pada by Viśvanātha belowनवीन प्रणय की माधुरी के हर्ष से जो स्निग्ध (सराबोर) है, ऐसी
iyaṁthisयह
sakhīfriendसखी
iyaṁ sakhī — this friend; nava-praṇaya-mādhurī-pramada-medurā — soft and rich with the joy of the sweetness of ever-new love.
nava-praṇaya-mādhurī-pramada-medurā — नवीन प्रणय की माधुरी के हर्ष से स्निग्ध; iyaṁ — यह; sakhī — सखी।
This friend — made tender all through by the joy that flows from the sweetness of a love that stays forever new —
नवीन प्रणय की माधुरी के हर्ष से भीगी हुई यह सखी।
L4example
mayādya bhavataḥ kare muraharopahārīkṛtā ||
mayāby me (the speaker)मेरे द्वारा
adyatodayआज
bhavataḥ kareinto your hand bhavataḥ genitive with kare — 'in the hand of you'आपके हाथ में
muraharaO slayer of Mura (Kṛṣṇa, addressed) vocativeहे मुरहर (मुर दैत्य का नाश करने वाले कृष्ण)
upahārīkṛtāhas been made a gift / handed over as a presentउपहार के रूप में अर्पित कर दी गई है
murahara — O slayer of Mura; adya — today; mayā — by me; bhavataḥ kare — into your hand; upahārīkṛtā — she is made a gift.
murahara — हे मुरहर; mayā — मेरे द्वारा; adya — आज; bhavataḥ kare — आपके हाथ में; upahārīkṛtā — भेंट के रूप में अर्पित की गई (यह सखी)।
— is by me, today, placed as a gift into your hand, O slayer of Mura.
हे मुरहर! आज मेरे द्वारा यह सखी आपके हाथ में उपहार के रूप में अर्पित कर दी गई है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1avataranika
viśākhā śrī-kṛṣṇam āha—yad iti |
viśākhāViśākhā — the speaker of the verseविशाखा (सखी)
śrī-kṛṣṇamto Śrī Kṛṣṇa (whom she addresses)श्रीकृष्ण से
āhasaysकहती है
yad itithe verse beginning 'yat…' pratīka — quoting the opening word to name the verse'यत्' इस पद से (आरम्भिक शब्द उद्धृत करके श्लोक का निर्देश)
viśākhā — Viśākhā; śrī-kṛṣṇam — to Śrī Kṛṣṇa; āha — speaks; yad iti — the 'yat…' verse.
viśākhā — विशाखा; śrī-kṛṣṇam — श्रीकृष्ण से; āha — कहती है; yad iti — 'यत्' इत्यादि (श्लोक)।
Viśvanātha sets the scene: it is Viśākhā speaking, and she addresses Śrī Kṛṣṇa. The verse opens with 'yat'.
विशाखा श्रीकृष्ण से 'यत्' इत्यादि श्लोक कहती है।
s2gloss
yasyā antaram antaḥ-karaṇam upāsituṁ sevitum |
yasyā antaram'yad-antaram' = whose inner self yasyāḥ resolves the relative yad- to the friend'जिस (सखी) का अन्तर' — 'यस्याः' से सम्बन्धवाची 'यत्' का सखी में अन्वय
antaḥ-karaṇam= that is, her heart-and-mindअर्थात् अन्तःकरण
upāsituṁ'to serve''उपासितुम्' का अर्थ है
sevitum= i.e. to attend upon / serveसेवा करने के लिए
yasyāḥ antaram — whose inner self; antaḥ-karaṇam — namely the heart-and-mind; upāsitum — 'to serve'; sevitum — that is, to serve.
yasyā antaram — जिसका अन्तर; antaḥ-karaṇam — अर्थात् अन्तःकरण; upāsituṁ — इसका अर्थ; sevitum — सेवा करने के लिए।
He decodes 'yad-antaram': it means whose inner self — her heart and mind. And 'upāsitum' is just plain 'to serve'.
'जिसका अन्तर' अर्थात् अन्तःकरण; और 'उपासितुम्' अर्थात् सेवा करने के लिए।
s3gloss
tatra vāsaṁ prāptum ity arthaḥ |
tatrathere — in that heart of hersवहाँ (उस अन्तःकरण में)
vāsaṁ prāptumto win a place to dwellनिवास पाने के लिए
ity arthaḥthat is the meaningऐसा अर्थ है
tatra — there; vāsaṁ prāptum — to gain a dwelling; ity arthaḥ — that is the sense.
tatra — वहाँ; vāsaṁ prāptum — निवास पाने के लिए; ity arthaḥ — यह तात्पर्य है।
The real sense of 'serving her heart', he says, is: to win a place to live there, inside her.
अर्थात् वहाँ (उसके अन्तःकरण में) निवास पाने के लिए — यह तात्पर्य है।
s4gloss
guṇā dhairya-gāmbhīrya-kalā-vaidagdhyādayaḥ kamala-yoniṁ brahmāṇam ījur yajanti sma |
guṇāthe 'qualities''गुण' अर्थात्
dhairya-gāmbhīrya-kalā-vaidagdhyādayaḥ= steadiness, gravity, skill in the arts, cleverness, and the restधैर्य, गाम्भीर्य, कला-चातुर्य आदि (गुण)
kamala-yoniṁthe lotus-born'कमलयोनि' अर्थात्
brahmāṇam= Brahmāब्रह्मा की
ījurworshipped'ईजुः' अर्थात्
yajanti sma= did worship himउन्होंने पूजा की
guṇāḥ — the qualities: dhairya-gāmbhīrya-kalā-vaidagdhya-ādayaḥ — steadiness, gravity, artistry, wit, and so on; kamala-yonim brahmāṇam — Brahmā the lotus-born; ījuḥ yajanti sma — did worship.
guṇā — गुण अर्थात्; dhairya-gāmbhīrya-kalā-vaidagdhyādayaḥ — धैर्य, गाम्भीर्य, कला-चातुर्य आदि; kamala-yoniṁ brahmāṇam — कमलयोनि ब्रह्मा की; ījur yajanti sma — पूजा की।
The 'qualities' are named: steadiness, gravity, skill in the arts, cleverness, and so on. And 'kamala-yoni' is Brahmā. These qualities worshipped him — ījuḥ meaning they did worship.
धैर्य, गाम्भीर्य, कला-चातुर्य आदि गुणों ने कमलयोनि ब्रह्मा की पूजा की।
s5gloss
tataś ca bahubhir janaiḥ prasāditāt tasmāl labdhena vareṇaiva vāsaṁ prāpur ity arthaḥ |
tataś caand as a result of that worshipऔर इसके पश्चात्
bahubhir janaiḥ prasāditātfrom him — Brahmā — whom many people [also] had propitiated prasāditāt ablative, source of the boon; agrees with tasmātबहुत-से लोगों द्वारा प्रसन्न किए गए (उस ब्रह्मा) से
tasmātfrom that Brahmāउस (ब्रह्मा) से
labdhena vareṇaivaby the boon they thereby obtained — and only so instrumental of means; eva = 'only by', nothing less earned itप्राप्त वरदान के द्वारा ही (इससे कम किसी से नहीं)
vāsaṁ prāpurdid they gain the dwelling [in her]निवास पाया
ity arthaḥthat is the meaningऐसा अर्थ है
tataḥ ca — and thereby; bahubhiḥ janaiḥ prasāditāt tasmāt — from Brahmā, propitiated by many; labdhena vareṇa eva — only by the boon obtained; vāsaṁ prāpuḥ — they won the dwelling; ity arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
tataś ca — और तब; bahubhir janaiḥ prasāditāt tasmāt — बहुतों द्वारा प्रसन्न किए गए उस ब्रह्मा से; labdhena vareṇaiva — प्राप्त वरदान के द्वारा ही; vāsaṁ prāpur — निवास पाया; ity arthaḥ — यह तात्पर्य है।
The point: even those qualities won their place in her only by a boon. They got it from Brahmā — whom many worshippers had to please first — and by that boon alone did they come to dwell in her heart.
और तब बहुत-से लोगों द्वारा प्रसन्न किए गए उस ब्रह्मा से प्राप्त वरदान के द्वारा ही (गुणों ने उसके अन्तःकरण में) निवास पाया — यह तात्पर्य है।
s6gloss
evaṁ taruṇimāpi tapo-balenaiva tasyā aṅge praveśaṁ prāpa |
evaṁin the same wayइसी प्रकार
taruṇimāyouthfulnessतरुणिमा (यौवन) ने
apieven (it too had to earn its place)भी
tapo-balenaivaonly by the force of austerity instrumental of means; eva = 'only by', nothing else won itतप के बल से ही (और किसी से नहीं)
tasyā aṅgeinto her bodyउसके अंगों में
praveśaṁ prāpagained entryप्रवेश पाया
evaṁ — likewise; taruṇimā api — even youthfulness; tapo-balena eva — only by the power of austerity; tasyāḥ aṅge — into her body; praveśaṁ prāpa — obtained entrance.
evaṁ — इसी प्रकार; taruṇimā — यौवन ने; api — भी; tapo-balenaiva — तप के बल से ही; tasyā aṅge — उसके अंगों में; praveśaṁ prāpa — प्रवेश पाया।
Likewise, even youthfulness got to enter her body only through the sheer force of its austerities.
इसी प्रकार यौवन ने भी तप के बल से ही उसके अंगों में प्रवेश पाया।
s7avataranika
nanv īdṛśa-mahimatve tasyāḥ kiṁ kāraṇam ity apekṣāyāṁ sarvādhikaḥ premaivety āha—nava-praṇayeti |
nanubut now — one may askयदि यह (शंका) उठाई जाए कि
īdṛśa-mahimatvegiven that she has such greatness locative of the topic/circumstance — 'as regards her being so great'उसकी ऐसी महिमा होने में
tasyāḥ kiṁ kāraṇamwhat is the cause of it, in her case?उसका क्या कारण है
ity apekṣāyāṁanticipating just this questionऐसी जिज्ञासा होने पर
sarvādhikaḥ premaivait is love, surpassing everything — and nothing else eva marks love as the sole causeसबसे बढ़कर प्रेम ही (एकमात्र कारण है)
ity āhaso [the poet] saysयह कहते हुए कहते हैं
nava-praṇayetiwith the words 'nava-praṇaya…''नवप्रणय' इत्यादि से
nanu — but; īdṛśa-mahimatve — as regards her such greatness; tasyāḥ kiṁ kāraṇam — what is its cause?; ity apekṣāyām — expecting this; sarvādhikaḥ prema eva — love above all is the cause; ity āha — so he says; nava-praṇaya iti — 'nava-praṇaya…'.
nanu — यदि पूछा जाए; īdṛśa-mahimatve tasyāḥ kiṁ kāraṇam — उसकी ऐसी महिमा का क्या कारण; ity apekṣāyāṁ — ऐसी अपेक्षा होने पर; sarvādhikaḥ premaiva — सबसे बढ़कर प्रेम ही; ity āha nava-praṇayeti — यह कहते हुए 'नवप्रणय' इत्यादि कहते हैं।
Now a question is raised: what makes her so great? Anticipating it, the answer given is — love, above everything else. And that is why the verse turns to 'nava-praṇaya…', the third quarter.
यदि पूछा जाए — उसकी ऐसी महिमा का क्या कारण है? — तो, सबसे बढ़कर प्रेम ही कारण है, यह कहते हुए 'नवप्रणय' इत्यादि कहते हैं।
s8gloss
navā nityaṁ navīnī-bhavantī yā praṇaya-mādhurī tayā yaḥ pramada ānandaḥ prhṛṣṭāu mada-mattatā garvaś ca tena medurā snigdhā |
navā'nava' (fresh)'नवा' अर्थात्
nityaṁ navīnī-bhavantī= constantly becoming new againनित्य नवीन होती रहने वाली
yā praṇaya-mādhurīthe sweetness of that loveजो प्रणय की माधुरी है
tayāby that sweetnessउससे
yaḥ pramadathe 'pramada' that arises —जो 'प्रमद' है
ānandaḥ prahṛṣṭiḥ= joy, delight (the 'pra-') pramada is split: pra- → joy/delightअर्थात् आनन्द व अत्यन्त हर्ष ('प्र' उपसर्ग से हर्ष)
mada-mattatā garvaś caand intoxication and pride (the 'mada') the -mada element → giddiness and prideतथा 'मद' अर्थात् मत्तता और गर्व (मद-अंश से)
tenaby all thatउससे
medurā'medurā' —'मेदुरा' अर्थात्
snigdhā= made rich, soft, tenderस्निग्ध (सराबोर)
navā — 'fresh'; nityaṁ navīnī-bhavantī — always renewing itself; yā praṇaya-mādhurī — the sweetness of love; tayā — by it; yaḥ pramadaḥ — the joy that arises: ānandaḥ prahṛṣṭiḥ mada-mattatā garvaḥ ca — delight, intoxication, and pride; tena — by that; medurā — snigdhā — she is made tender and rich.
navā — नवा, अर्थात्; nityaṁ navīnī-bhavantī — नित्य नवीन होती रहने वाली; yā praṇaya-mādhurī — जो प्रणय-माधुरी; tayā — उससे; yaḥ pramada — जो प्रमद; ānandaḥ prahṛṣṭiḥ — आनन्द व अत्यन्त हर्ष; mada-mattatā garvaś ca — तथा मत्तता और गर्व; tena — उससे; medurā — मेदुरा, अर्थात्; snigdhā — स्निग्ध।
He works through the compound. 'Nava' means ever-fresh, always renewing itself — so this is the sweetness of a love that never grows stale. From that sweetness comes 'pramada', which he splits into joy and delight on the one side, and a giddy intoxication and pride on the other. Steeped in all of that, she is 'medurā' — soft, rich, tender through and through.
'नवा' अर्थात् नित्य नवीन होती रहने वाली जो प्रणय-माधुरी, उससे जो 'प्रमद' — अर्थात् आनन्द व अत्यन्त हर्ष तथा मत्तता और गर्व — उससे 'मेदुरा' अर्थात् स्निग्ध (भीगी हुई)।
s9gloss
upahāra upāyanam ||
upahāra'upahāra' (offering)'उपहार' अर्थात्
upāyanam= a gift, a presentभेंट (उपायन)
upahāraḥ — 'upahāra'; upāyanam — means a gift.
upahāra — उपहार अर्थात्; upāyanam — भेंट।
Last word: 'upahāra' just means a gift, a present — the friend is handed over to Kṛṣṇa as a present.
'उपहार' अर्थात् भेंट (उपायन)।