yathā—
mithaḥ prema-gunotkīrtis tayor āsakti-kāritā |
abhisāro dvayor eva sakhyāḥ kṛṣṇe samarpaṇam ||
narmāśvāsana-nepathyaṁ hṛdayodghāṭa-pāṭavam |
chidra-saṁvṛtir etasyāḥ paty-ādeḥ parivañcanā ||
śikṣā saṅgamanaṁ kāle sevanaṁ vyajanādibhiḥ |
tayor dvayor upālambhaḥ sandeśa-preṣaṇaṁ tathā |
nāyikā-prāṇa-saṁrakṣā prayatnādyāḥ sakhī-kriyāḥ ||
The verse — decoded
L1definition
mithaḥ prema-gunotkīrtis tayor āsakti-kāritā |
mithaḥto each other, mutuallyपरस्पर, आपस में
prema-guṇotkīrtiḥproclaiming aloud the love and the fine qualities [of each to the other] — the first activityप्रेम और गुणों का उत्कीर्तन (बखान करना)
tayoḥof the two — the hero and the heroine genitive, the couple whom she makes attachedउन दोनों (नायक-नायिका) का
āsakti-kāritāmaking the two grow attached [to one another] — the secondआसक्ति उत्पन्न कराना
mithaḥ — to each other; prema-guṇa-utkīrtiḥ — proclaiming their love and qualities; tayoḥ — of the two; āsakti-kāritā — making them attached.
mithaḥ — परस्पर; prema-guṇotkīrtiḥ — प्रेम और गुणों का उत्कीर्तन; tayoḥ — उन दोनों (नायक-नायिका) का; āsakti-kāritā — आसक्ति उत्पन्न कराना
The list of the sakhī's activities begins. First, she proclaims to each of them the other's love and fine qualities. Second, she makes the two grow attached to one another.
(सखी) आपस में उन दोनों के प्रेम और गुणों का बखान करती है, और उन दोनों में परस्पर आसक्ति उत्पन्न कराती है।
These verses (8.97-99) are a lakṣaṇa-list enumerating the sakhī's activities; Viśvanātha counts seventeen in all.
ये श्लोक (8.97-99) सखी के कार्यों की लक्षण-सूची हैं; विश्वनाथ इनमें कुल सत्रह गिनते हैं।
L2definition
abhisāro dvayor eva sakhyāḥ kṛṣṇe samarpaṇam ||
abhisāraḥarranging the tryst — bringing the couple to the meeting-place — the thirdअभिसार (मिलन-स्थल तक पहुँचाना)
dvayoḥ evafor the two alike (eva) — the going-to-meet serves both, whichever sets outदोनों का ही
sakhyāḥof the [girl]friend — presenting her [to Kṛṣṇa] genitive, the one who is offeredसखी का (जिसे अर्पित किया जाता है)
kṛṣṇe samarpaṇamoffering [her] to Kṛṣṇa — the fourth kṛṣṇe locative, 'to Kṛṣṇa'कृष्ण को समर्पण करना
abhisāraḥ — arranging the tryst; dvayoḥ eva — for the two alike; sakhyāḥ — of the friend; kṛṣṇe samarpaṇam — offering to Kṛṣṇa.
abhisāraḥ — अभिसार; dvayoḥ eva — दोनों का ही; sakhyāḥ — सखी का; kṛṣṇe samarpaṇam — कृष्ण को समर्पण
Third, abhisāra — arranging the tryst, bringing the couple to their meeting-place; this serves both alike. Fourth, offering the friend to Kṛṣṇa.
दोनों का ही अभिसार (मिलन-स्थल तक पहुँचाना), और सखी का स्वयं को कृष्ण को समर्पित कर देना।
L3definition
narmāśvāsana-nepathyaṁ hṛdayodghāṭa-pāṭavam |
narmaplayful teasing, joking — the fifthनर्म (विनोद, हँसी-मज़ाक)
āśvāsanaconsoling and reassuring [her] — the sixthआश्वासन (धीरज बँधाना)
nepathyaṁdressing and adorning [her] — the seventhनेपथ्य (वेश-रचना, शृंगार)
hṛdaya-udghāṭa-pāṭavamskill at opening up the heart — drawing out what is kept hidden inside — the eighthहृदय खोल देने की निपुणता
narma — joking; āśvāsana — consoling; nepathyaṁ — adorning; hṛdaya-udghāṭa-pāṭavam — skill in opening the heart.
narma — नर्म; āśvāsana — आश्वासन; nepathyaṁ — नेपथ्य; hṛdaya-udghāṭa-pāṭavam — हृदय खोल देने की निपुणता
Fifth, playful teasing. Sixth, consoling and reassuring. Seventh, dressing and adorning her. Eighth, skill at drawing out what she keeps hidden in her heart.
नर्म (विनोद), आश्वासन (धीरज बँधाना), नेपथ्य (वेश-रचना), और हृदय को खोल देने की निपुणता।
L4definition
chidra-saṁvṛtir etasyāḥ paty-ādeḥ parivañcanā ||
chidra-saṁvṛtiḥcovering over the lapses — hiding the tell-tale slips — the ninthछिद्र (दोष) को ढँक देना
etasyāḥof this one — the heroine [whose household is meant] genitive, governing paty-ādeḥइस (नायिका) के
paty-ādeḥher husband and the restपति आदि का/को
parivañcanāhoodwinking them — throwing them off the scent — the tenthवंचना (छल से भ्रम में रखना)
chidra-saṁvṛtiḥ — covering the lapses; etasyāḥ — of this heroine; paty-ādeḥ — her husband and others; parivañcanā — deceiving them.
chidra-saṁvṛtiḥ — छिद्र को ढँकना; etasyāḥ — इस (नायिका) के; paty-ādeḥ — पति आदि का; parivañcanā — वंचना
Ninth, covering over the lapses, hiding the tell-tale traces. Tenth, deceiving the heroine's husband and the others of the house.
छिद्र (दोष) को ढँक देना, और इस नायिका के पति आदि को छल से भ्रम में रखना।
L5definition
śikṣā saṅgamanaṁ kāle sevanaṁ vyajanādibhiḥ |
śikṣāinstructing [her] — the eleventhशिक्षा (सिखाना)
saṅgamanaṁ kālebringing the couple together at the [right] time — the twelfth kāle locative, 'at the time'समय पर मिलाना
sevanaṁ vyajanādibhiḥwaiting on [them] with fan and the like — the thirteenth vyajanādibhiḥ instrumental, 'with fan etc.'पंखे आदि से सेवा करना
śikṣā — instructing; kāle saṅgamanaṁ — bringing together at the right time; vyajanādibhiḥ sevanaṁ — serving with fan and the like.
śikṣā — शिक्षा देना; saṅgamanaṁ kāle — समय पर मिलाना; sevanaṁ vyajanādibhiḥ — पंखे आदि से सेवा
Eleventh, giving instruction. Twelfth, bringing the couple together at the right moment. Thirteenth, waiting on them with a fan and so on.
शिक्षा देना, उचित समय पर मिलाना, और पंखे आदि से सेवा करना।
L6definition
tayor dvayor upālambhaḥ sandeśa-preṣaṇaṁ tathā |
tayoḥ dvayoḥof the two of them — the couple genitive, those who are reproachedउन दोनों को
upālambhaḥreproaching [them] — a gentle rebuke when called for — the fourteenthउपालम्भ (उलाहना देना)
sandeśa-preṣaṇaṁsending messages [between them] — the fifteenthसंदेश भेजना
tathāand likewise — tying in the item to comeतथा (और)
tayoḥ dvayoḥ — of the two; upālambhaḥ — reproaching them; tathā — and likewise; sandeśa-preṣaṇaṁ — sending messages.
tayoḥ dvayoḥ — उन दोनों को; upālambhaḥ — उपालम्भ; sandeśa-preṣaṇaṁ — संदेश भेजना; tathā — तथा
Fourteenth, reproaching the two of them when needed. And likewise the fifteenth, carrying messages between them.
उन दोनों को उलाहना देना, तथा संदेश भेजना।
L7definition
nāyikā-prāṇa-saṁrakṣā prayatnādyāḥ sakhī-kriyāḥ ||
nāyikā-prāṇa-saṁrakṣāguarding the heroine's very life — the sixteenthनायिका के प्राणों की रक्षा
prayatna-ādyāḥmaking effort, and the rest (ādi) — the seventeenth, held open for more the 'ādi' Viśvanātha expands in his last noteप्रयत्न आदि (कार्य)
sakhī-kriyāḥ— these are the activities of the sakhī nominative, summing up the whole listये सखी के कार्य हैं
nāyikā-prāṇa-saṁrakṣā — guarding the heroine's life; prayatna-ādyāḥ — effort and so on; sakhī-kriyāḥ — [these are] the sakhī's activities.
nāyikā-prāṇa-saṁrakṣā — नायिका के प्राणों की रक्षा; prayatna-ādyāḥ — प्रयत्न आदि; sakhī-kriyāḥ — सखी के कार्य
Sixteenth, guarding the heroine's very life. Seventeenth, taking pains for her — and the rest. These, then, are the activities of the sakhī.
नायिका के प्राणों की रक्षा — प्रयत्न आदि — ये सखी के कार्य हैं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
dvayor mithaḥ parasparasmin prema-guṇotkīrtaḥ |
dvayoḥof the two — the coupleदोनों (नायक-नायिका) का
mithaḥ'mithaḥ' [in the verse] —परस्पर
parasparasminmeans in one another — Jīva reads the mutuality as 'each in the other'एक-दूसरे में/के प्रति
prema-guṇotkīrtiḥthe proclaiming of the love and the qualitiesप्रेम और गुण का उत्कीर्तन
dvayoḥ — of the two; mithaḥ — 'mithaḥ,' i.e. parasparasmin — in one another; prema-guṇa-utkīrtiḥ — proclaiming their love and qualities.
dvayoḥ — दोनों का; mithaḥ — परस्पर; parasparasmin — एक-दूसरे में; prema-guṇotkīrtiḥ — प्रेम और गुण का उत्कीर्तन
Jīva takes the verse's word 'mithaḥ' (mutually) as parasparasmin — 'in one another.' So the first activity is proclaiming, in each toward the other, the love and the qualities of the two.
दोनों (नायक-नायिका) का परस्पर एक-दूसरे में प्रेम और गुण का उत्कीर्तन।
s2gloss
dvayoḥ premṇo guṇasya ca yathāvasaraṁ dvau pratyutkarṣeṇa kathanam ity arthaḥ |
dvayoḥbelonging to the two — the couple'sदोनों का (यानी प्रेम और गुण — इन दोनों का)
premṇaḥ guṇasya caof the love and of the good quality (ca — and)प्रेम का और गुण का
yathāvasaraṁas each occasion allows — whenever the moment fitsअवसर के अनुसार
dvauthe two [lovers she speaks of] — both taken as her themeदोनों (के प्रति)
pratyutkarṣeṇaeach praised as surpassing the other — pitched one above the otherबढ़ा-चढ़ाकर, उत्कर्ष के साथ
kathanamthe telling — that is what the activity isकहना, वर्णन करना
ity arthaḥ— this is the meaningयही अर्थ है
dvayoḥ — of the two; premṇaḥ guṇasya ca — of the love and the quality; yathāvasaraṁ — as occasion serves; dvau — the two; pratyutkarṣeṇa — each exalted above the other; kathanam — the telling; ity arthaḥ — this is the sense.
dvayoḥ — दोनों का; premṇaḥ guṇasya ca — प्रेम का और गुण का; yathāvasaraṁ — अवसर के अनुसार; dvau — दोनों; pratyutkarṣeṇa — बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर; kathanam — कहना; ity arthaḥ — यही अर्थ है
Jīva spells out the meaning. As each occasion serves, she tells of the two — of their love and their fine qualities — praising each one as outdoing the other. That telling is the activity.
प्रेम का और गुण का — इन दोनों का — अवसर के अनुसार, दोनों के प्रति बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर वर्णन करना — यही अर्थ है।
s3gloss
kāle saṅgamanam ity abhisārānantaraṁ melanam ity arthaḥ ||
kāle saṅgamanam itias for the verse's 'bringing-together at the time' —"समय पर मिलना" — यह जो कहा
abhisāra-anantaraṁafter the abhisāra — once the tryst has been arrangedअभिसार के पश्चात्
melanam[it means] the actual meeting, the coming-togetherमिलन
ity arthaḥ— this is the meaningयही अर्थ है
kāle saṅgamanam iti — the verse's 'saṅgamana at the time'; abhisāra-anantaraṁ — after the abhisāra; melanam — the meeting itself; ity arthaḥ — this is the sense.
kāle saṅgamanam iti — "समय पर मिलना"; abhisāra-anantaraṁ — अभिसार के पश्चात्; melanam — मिलन; ity arthaḥ — यही अर्थ है
Jīva keeps this distinct from abhisāra. 'Bringing together at the time' (the twelfth) means the actual meeting that happens after the tryst has been arranged. Abhisāra (the third) sets it up; saṅgamana is the union that follows.
"समय पर मिलना" — इसका अर्थ है अभिसार के पश्चात् मिलन।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
dvayor nāyikā-nāyakayor mithaḥ parasparam prati parasparasya premṇo guṇasya cotkarṣeṇa kīrtanam |
dvayoḥof the two — namelyदोनों का
nāyikā-nāyakayoḥthe heroine and the hero — Viśvanātha names the pairनायिका और नायक का
mithaḥ'mithaḥ' —परस्पर
parasparam pratitoward each other — his gloss of 'mithaḥ'एक-दूसरे के प्रति
parasparasyaof each other — each one'sएक-दूसरे के
premṇaḥ guṇasya calove and good quality (ca — and)प्रेम का और गुण का
utkarṣeṇawith exaltation — pitched high, as praiseउत्कर्ष के साथ (बढ़ाकर)
kīrtanamproclaiming — the activity itselfकीर्तन (बखान)
dvayoḥ nāyikā-nāyakayoḥ — of the two, the heroine and hero; mithaḥ = parasparam prati — toward each other; parasparasya premṇaḥ guṇasya ca — of each other's love and quality; utkarṣeṇa — with exaltation; kīrtanam — proclaiming.
dvayoḥ — दोनों का; nāyikā-nāyakayoḥ — नायिका और नायक का; mithaḥ — परस्पर; parasparam prati — एक-दूसरे के प्रति; parasparasya — एक-दूसरे के; premṇaḥ guṇasya ca — प्रेम का और गुण का; utkarṣeṇa — उत्कर्ष के साथ; kīrtanam — कीर्तन
Viśvanātha names 'the two' as the heroine and the hero, and takes 'mithaḥ' as 'toward each other.' So the first activity is proclaiming to each of them — with high praise — the other's love and fine qualities.
दोनों — अर्थात् नायिका और नायक — का परस्पर एक-दूसरे के प्रति, एक-दूसरे के प्रेम और गुण का उत्कर्ष के साथ कीर्तन।
s2gloss
tayoḥ parasparasminn āsaktiṁ kārayituṁ śīlaṁ yasyās tasyā bhāvas tat tā |
tayoḥof the two —उन दोनों की
parasparasminin one another —एक-दूसरे में
āsaktiṁ kārayituṁso as to bring about attachment — to make them cling kārayituṁ infinitive of purposeआसक्ति उत्पन्न कराने के लिए
śīlaṁ yasyāḥshe whose settled habit it is [to do this]जिसका स्वभाव हो
tasyāḥ bhāvaḥthe state of being such a oneउसका भाव
tat tāthat is what the suffix '-tā' [in āsakti-kāritā] namesवही "ता" (प्रत्यय)
tayoḥ parasparasmin — of the two, in one another; āsaktiṁ kārayituṁ śīlaṁ yasyāḥ — she whose habit is to cause attachment; tasyāḥ bhāvaḥ — the state of that one; tat tā — that is the '-tā.'
tayoḥ — उन दोनों की; parasparasmin — एक-दूसरे में; āsaktiṁ kārayituṁ — आसक्ति उत्पन्न कराने के लिए; śīlaṁ yasyāḥ — जिसका स्वभाव हो; tasyāḥ bhāvaḥ — उसका भाव; tat tā — वही "ता"
Viśvanātha unpacks the word āsakti-kāritā grammatically. Take one whose very habit is to make the two cling to each other; the abstract suffix '-tā' names the state of being such a person. So the second activity is precisely this habit of making the couple grow attached.
उन दोनों में परस्पर आसक्ति उत्पन्न कराना जिसका स्वभाव हो — उसका भाव, वही यहाँ "ता" (प्रत्यय) है।
A bahuvrīhi resolved through a taddhita: '-kārī' = one who habitually causes; '-tā' turns that agent into the abstract quality, 'the being-such-a-one.'
यह बहुव्रीहि तद्धित से खुलता है — "-कारी" अर्थात् जो निरन्तर उत्पन्न कराए; "-ता" उस कर्ता को अमूर्त गुण बना देती है, अर्थात् "ऐसा होने का भाव"।
s3gloss
kāle samucitāvasara iti sarvatra yojyam |
kāle'at the time' [in the verse]"काले" (समय पर)
samucita-avasaraḥmeans the fitting occasion — the right momentउचित अवसर
iti sarvatra yojyamand this is to be supplied everywhere — read it into every activity, not only where the word standsयह सर्वत्र जोड़ लेना चाहिए
kāle — the verse's 'at the time'; samucita-avasaraḥ — the fitting occasion; iti sarvatra yojyam — to be construed throughout.
kāle — "काले"; samucita-avasaraḥ — उचित अवसर; iti sarvatra yojyam — यह सर्वत्र जोड़ लेना चाहिए
Viśvanātha reads 'kāle' (at the time) as 'at the fitting occasion.' And, he adds, apply this everywhere: each of these activities is to be done at its proper moment, not only the bringing-together where the word happens to appear.
"काले" का अर्थ है उचित अवसर पर — यह सर्वत्र (हर क्रिया में) जोड़ लेना चाहिए।
s4conclusion
kriyāḥ saptadaśa |
kriyāḥthe activities [just listed]क्रियाएँ (कार्य)
saptadaśaare seventeen — the total countसत्रह
kriyāḥ — the activities; saptadaśa — seventeen.
kriyāḥ — क्रियाएँ; saptadaśa — सत्रह
Viśvanātha tallies them: the activities listed come to seventeen in all.
(सखी की) क्रियाएँ सत्रह हैं।
s5gloss
ādya-śabdād vipakṣādi-sakhīnāṁ gurv-ādeś ca vicikīrṣitasya mithaḥ kṛta-saṅketasya ca jñānaṁ jñāpanaṁ ca vipakṣa-sakhībhir vāg-yuddhaṁ cety ādayo jñeyāḥ ||
ādya-śabdātfrom the word 'ādi' (and the rest) [in prayatnādyāḥ] — under its 'etc.'"आदि" शब्द से
vipakṣādi-sakhīnāṁof the rival-side friends and suchविपक्ष आदि सखियों का
gurv-ādeḥ caand of the elders and such (ca — and)और गुरुजनों आदि का
vicikīrṣitasyaof what they intend to do — their planned movesजो वे करना चाहते हैं उस अभिप्राय का
mithaḥ kṛta-saṅketasya caand of the signal the couple have privately arranged between them (ca — and)और परस्पर किए गए संकेत का
jñānaṁcoming to know [all this]जानना
jñāpanaṁ caand passing the word on (ca — and)और जता देना
vipakṣa-sakhībhiḥwith the rival-side friends instrumental of accompaniment, the party one battlesविपक्ष सखियों के साथ
vāg-yuddhaṁ caand a war of words (ca — and)और वाक्-युद्ध (वचनों की तकरार)
iti ādayaḥ— such activities and moreइत्यादि
jñeyāḥare to be understood [as covered by the 'etc.']जानने चाहिए
ādya-śabdāt — from the word 'ādi'; vipakṣādi-sakhīnāṁ gurv-ādeḥ ca vicikīrṣitasya — of what the rival friends and elders intend; mithaḥ kṛta-saṅketasya ca — and of the arranged signal; jñānaṁ jñāpanaṁ ca — knowing and reporting; vipakṣa-sakhībhiḥ vāg-yuddhaṁ ca — and word-battle with rival friends; iti ādayaḥ jñeyāḥ — such are to be understood.
ādya-śabdāt — "आदि" शब्द से; vipakṣādi-sakhīnāṁ — विपक्ष आदि सखियों का; gurv-ādeḥ ca — और गुरुजनों आदि का; vicikīrṣitasya — जो वे करना चाहते हैं उसका; mithaḥ kṛta-saṅketasya ca — और परस्पर किए गए संकेत का; jñānaṁ — जानना; jñāpanaṁ ca — और जताना; vipakṣa-sakhībhiḥ — विपक्ष सखियों के साथ; vāg-yuddhaṁ ca — और वाक्-युद्ध; iti ādayaḥ — इत्यादि; jñeyāḥ — जानने चाहिए
Viśvanātha opens up the 'and the rest' (ādi) of the seventeenth. Under it fall: finding out what the rival-side friends and the elders are planning, and knowing the signal the lovers have privately fixed; passing such news along; and trading barbs — a war of words — with the rival friends. These and the like are what the 'etc.' holds.
"आदि" शब्द से — विपक्ष आदि सखियों तथा गुरुजनों आदि के अभिप्राय (जो वे करना चाहते हैं) का जानना और जता देना, परस्पर किए गए संकेत का जानना और जता देना, तथा विपक्ष सखियों के साथ वाक्-युद्ध — इत्यादि (कार्य) जानने चाहिए।