s1avataranika
yūthe’pīti |
yūthe api itihe takes up the verse by its opening words, 'yūthe’pi' iti = pratīka, quoting the verse's first words to name it'यूथेऽपि' इस पद से (श्लोक का प्रतीक लेकर)
yūthe api iti — [the verse beginning] "yūthe’pi" [is what he now comments on].
'यूथेऽपि' इत्यादि श्लोक की व्याख्या करते हैं।
Viśvanātha flags which verse he is on by quoting its first words, "yūthe’pi" ("even within a group"). This is just the peg he hangs the comment on.
'यूथेऽपि' — इस आरम्भिक पद का उद्धरण करके श्लोक की व्याख्या आरम्भ करते हैं।
pratīka: an ācārya names a verse by citing its opening word(s) plus iti, before glossing it.
s2gloss
avāntara-gaṇā yathā—sakhī-gaṇaḥ prāṇa-sakhī-gaṇaḥ priya-sakhī-gaṇa ity evaṁ bahava eva gaṇāḥ |
avāntara-gaṇāḥ yathāwhat the 'sub-groups' are — for exampleभीतरी उप-गण जैसे—
sakhī-gaṇaḥthe group of sakhīs (girlfriends)सखी-गण
prāṇa-sakhī-gaṇaḥthe group of prāṇa-sakhīs (friends dear as one's life)प्राण-सखी-गण
priya-sakhī-gaṇaḥthe group of priya-sakhīs (specially dear friends)प्रिय-सखी-गण
iti evam bahavaḥ eva gaṇāḥin just this way there are many groups indeed eva = 'indeed,' stressing the pluralityइस प्रकार बहुत-से ही गण (होते हैं)
avāntara-gaṇāḥ yathā — the sub-groups, for example; sakhī-gaṇaḥ, prāṇa-sakhī-gaṇaḥ, priya-sakhī-gaṇaḥ — the sakhī group, the prāṇa-sakhī group, the priya-sakhī group; iti evam bahavaḥ eva gaṇāḥ — in this way there are many groups indeed.
भीतरी उप-गण जैसे — सखी-गण, प्राण-सखी-गण, प्रिय-सखी-गण — इस प्रकार बहुत-से ही गण होते हैं।
He first glosses "sub-groups" by kind. For example: the group of sakhīs, the group of prāṇa-sakhīs (friends dear as life), the group of priya-sakhīs (specially dear friends). In this way there are many such groups. So on this first reading the sub-groups are distinguished by grade of intimacy.
भीतरी उप-गण इस प्रकार हैं — सखी-गण, प्राण-सखी-गण, प्रिय-सखी-गण। इसी तरह और भी बहुत-से गण होते हैं।
sakhī / prāṇa-sakhī / priya-sakhī name rising degrees of closeness among the gopī companions, not head-counts — this reading sorts the sub-groups by type of friend.
s3alternative
yad vā, rādhā-yūthe lalitā-gaṇo’yaṁ viśākhā-gaṇo’yam ity anantā eva gaṇās teṣu ca tri-caturābhir api sakhībhir eko gaṇaḥ pañca-ṣābhiś cety evaṁ rītyā śataiḥ sahasrair lakṣair api jñeyaḥ ||
yad vāor else — read it this second way (a suspended alternative, left open) yad vā opens a second option the commentator does not adjudicateअथवा (यह दूसरा पक्ष भी है)
rādhā-yūthewithin Rādhā's own main group locative: the field in which the sub-groups are namedराधा के यूथ में
lalitā-gaṇaḥ ayamone says 'this is Lalitā's group'यह ललिता-गण (है)
viśākhā-gaṇaḥ ayam'this is Viśākhā's group'यह विशाखा-गण (है)
iti anantāḥ eva gaṇāḥand in this way the groups are truly endless eva = 'truly,' stressing that they do not run outइस प्रकार अनन्त ही गण
teṣu caand among those groupsऔर उनमें
tri-caturābhiḥ api sakhībhiḥ ekaḥ gaṇaḥone group is formed by even (as few as) three or four sakhīs instrumental of composition; api = 'even, as few as'तीन-चार सखियों से (भी) एक गण
pañca-ṣābhiḥ caand another by five or sixऔर पाँच-छह (सखियों) से
iti evaṁ rītyāand following this same patternइसी रीति से
śataiḥ sahasraiḥ lakṣaiḥ api jñeyaḥthey are to be understood as running into hundreds, thousands, even lakhs instrumental of measure; api = 'even'; jñeyaḥ = 'is to be known'सैकड़ों, हजारों, लाखों (गणों) तक भी जानना चाहिए
yad vā — or else; rādhā-yūthe — within Rādhā's group; lalitā-gaṇaḥ ayam, viśākhā-gaṇaḥ ayam — 'this is Lalitā's group, this is Viśākhā's group'; iti anantāḥ eva gaṇāḥ — thus the groups are truly endless; teṣu ca — and among them; tri-caturābhiḥ api sakhībhiḥ ekaḥ gaṇaḥ — one group is formed even by three or four sakhīs; pañca-ṣābhiḥ ca — and another by five or six; iti evaṁ rītyā — in this same manner; śataiḥ sahasraiḥ lakṣaiḥ api jñeyaḥ — they are to be known as reaching hundreds, thousands, even lakhs.
अथवा, राधा के यूथ में — यह ललिता-गण, यह विशाखा-गण — इस प्रकार अनन्त ही गण होते हैं; और उनमें तीन-चार सखियों से भी एक गण, और पाँच-छह से (बना) — इसी रीति से सैकड़ों, हजारों, लाखों तक जानना चाहिए।
Or take it a second way. Within Rādhā's own group you point and say, 'this is Lalitā's sub-group, this is Viśākhā's sub-group' — and so the groups are truly endless. Among them, one group is formed by as few as three or four sakhīs, another by five or six, and following this same pattern their number runs into hundreds, thousands, even lakhs. Viśvanātha offers this alongside the first reading without deciding between them; here the sub-groups are named after their leaders (Lalitā, Viśākhā) rather than sorted by grade of intimacy.
अथवा (दूसरा पक्ष) — राधा के यूथ में यह ललिता-गण है, यह विशाखा-गण है — इस प्रकार गणों का अन्त नहीं। और उनमें से कोई एक गण तीन-चार सखियों से बनता है, कोई पाँच-छह से। इसी रीति से इन्हें सैकड़ों, हजारों, यहाँ तक कि लाखों की संख्या में जानना चाहिए।
The yad vā holds two readings open at once: reading one sorts the sub-groups by kind of friend (sakhī / prāṇa-sakhī / priya-sakhī); reading two names them after group-leaders (Lalitā, Viśākhā …) and stresses their countless number. Both are left standing.
यह पहले पक्ष का खंडन नहीं है, गणना का दूसरा ढंग है — दोनों पक्ष साथ रखे जाते हैं।