PREMABASESiddhānta-kaumudī
Outline · Prakaraṇa 72

लिङ्गानुशासनम्

Covers Liṅgānuśāsana 1–188 (188 sūtras in 170 units): all present (written in four parts, each coverage-checked by script: LA 1–54, 55–110, 111–169, 172–188). Sūtras without a unit of their own (LA 29, 34, 66, 71, 90, 98, 115, 117, 146, 170, 171, 175, 176, 184) sit inside a neighbour and still get their own line; LA 118–121 and the neuter heading are missing from our source and supplied from the 1915 print (owner decision pending on making them units).

The appendix on grammatical gender: the feminine section (LA 2–34), the masculine (LA 35–117), the neuter (LA 118–169), the feminine-and-masculine (LA 170–174), the masculine-and-neuter (LA 175–181), and the words of undifferentiated gender that follow their noun (LA 182–188). Our source here is raw OCR of the 1915 Nirṇaya-sāgara print; the translations follow the print where the OCR errs, with textual notes. The commentary is Bhairava Miśra's (often filed under a neighbouring unit or in the introduction's editorial note); there is no Bālamanoramā or Subodhinī.

liṅgānuśāsanam — outline (p72, Liṅgānuśāsana 1–188, all 188 sūtras in 170 units)

Part I — LA 1 – LA 54: the two headings and the feminine section (stryadhikāra, LA 2–34), then the masculine section from pumān (LA 35) through the kṛt-affix finals, the meaning-classes of devāsura… and kratu…, and the n-final and u-final words with their feminine and neuter exceptions

Covers LA 1–54 (54 sūtras, in 52 units, sk110001–sk110054): all present. LA 29 and LA 34 have no unit of their own; they are in sk110028 and sk110033.

I.A. The two headings and the ṛ-final feminines — running example: mātṛ, duhitṛ, svasṛ, potṛ, nanāndṛ stay ṛ-final and are feminine; contrast kartṛ + ṅīp (4.1.5, SK 306) → kartrī, ī-final

I.B. Feminine by affix: uṇādi ani, ū, mi, ni; ktin; the ī affix; ūṅ and āp; monosyllables in ī/ū, with their masculine exceptions — running example: av + ani → avaniḥ (f.); bhū + mi → bhūmiḥ (f.); against agniḥ (m., LA 7) and iyam aśaniḥ / ayam aśaniḥ (f./m., LA 5)

I.C. Feminine by numeral range and by sense, with the masculine and neuter outside it — running example: iyaṃ nābhiḥ (navel: f., LA 15) against nābhiḥ (a kṣatriya: m., LA 16); iyaṃ dundubhiḥ (of dice: f.) against ayaṃ dundubhiḥ (a drum: m.)

I.D. Feminine lists of consonant-stems and i-stems, with neuter or masculine options — running example: iyaṃ bhāḥ (f.); sthūṇā / sthūṇam (f./n., LA 21) but gṛhasthūṇam (n. only, LA 22); darviḥ / darvī (LA 24); iyaṃ tithiḥ (f.), yet bahutithās tithayaḥ (m.)

I.E. Feminine plurals, the last feminine lists, and the close of the strī section — running example: āpa imāḥ (ap: f., plural); iyaṃ srak (f.); śalākā, always f.

I.F. The masculine section: words ending in the bhāva and kāraka kṛt-affixes, and their exceptions — running example: pac + ghañ → pākaḥ (m.); kṛ + ap → karaḥ (m.); ā + dhā + ki → ādhiḥ (m.); against bhayam (n., LA 38) and yācñā (f., LA 40)

I.G. Masculine by meaning-class (devāsura…), and the four exceptions — running example: samudraḥ : abdhiḥ (both m., words for "ocean"); against triviṣṭapam (n.), dyauḥ (f.), iṣuḥ / bāhuḥ (f. + m.), bāṇa / kāṇḍa (n. + m.)

I.H. n-final, u-final and the kratu… class masculine, with their feminine and neuter exceptions — running example: rājā, takṣā (n-final: m.); prabhuḥ, ikṣuḥ (u-final: m.); against abhram (n., LA 50), dhenu (f., LA 52), śmaśru (n., LA 54); karkaṭarajjvā / karkaṭarajjunā (f./m., LA 53)

Part II — LA 55–110: the close of the u-final words; the akārānta heading and its upadhā rules (k ṭ ṇ th n p bh m y r ṣ s), each with its neuter and neuter-and-masculine exceptions; then gender by meaning (ray, day, measure) and the closing lists of masculine words

Covers LA 55–110 (56 sūtras): all present.

II.A. The last u-final words: what is neuter, what stays masculine — running example: vasu (wealth) → idaṃ vasu (n.); meruḥ, setuḥ (m.) → idaṃ dāru (n.) → saktuḥ / saktu (m. and n.)

II.B. The akārānta heading; a-stems with penultimate k, ṭ and ṇ — running example: stabakaḥ, kalkaḥ (m., kopadha) → cibuka… (n. only) → ayaṃ kaṇṭakaḥ / idaṃ kaṇṭakam (m. and n.)

II.C. a-stems with penultimate th, n, p and bh — running example: rathaḥ (m.) → idaṃ kāṣṭham (n.) beside imāḥ kāṣṭhāḥ (f., "directions") → ayaṃ tīrthaḥ / idaṃ tīrtham

II.D. a-stems with penultimate m, y and r — running example: somaḥ, bhīmaḥ (m.) → idaṃ rukmam (n.) → ayaṃ saṃgrāmaḥ / idaṃ saṃgrāmam

II.E. a-stems with penultimate ṣ and s, to the end of the heading — running example: vṛṣaḥ, vṛkṣaḥ (m.) → ayaṃ yūṣaḥ / idaṃ yūṣam → idaṃ camasam / ayaṃ camasaḥ → kaṃsa (vessel: m. and n.; king: m.)

II.F. Gender by meaning: ray, day, measure; and a fixed plural — running example: raśmiḥ, mayūkhaḥ; divasaḥ, ghasraḥ (m.) → dīdhitiḥ (f.), dinam, ahaḥ (n.); kuḍavaḥ, prasthaḥ (m.) → idaṃ droṇam / ayaṃ droṇaḥ → iyaṃ khārī (f.)

II.G. Lists of masculine words — running example: nāḍī + vraṇa → ayaṃ nāḍīvraṇaḥ, apa + aṅga → apāṅgaḥ, jana + pada → janapadaḥ; ayaṃ marut; ayam ṛṣiḥ

Part III — LA 111–169: the close of the masculine section, then the whole neuter section: action and abstract nouns, compounds, is/us-, l-penultimate, number, man-, as- and tra-final words, and the named word-classes, each general neuter rule followed by its masculine and feminine exceptions

Covers LA 111–169 (59 sūtras, in 52 units): all present. LA 115, 117 and 146 have no unit of their own; each sits inside its neighbour (sk110114, sk110116, sk110145). LA 118–121 and the heading napuṃsakādhikāraḥ are missing from ours, and sk110116 supplies them from the print in square brackets.

III.A. The close of the masculine section — running example: vaṃśa → ayaṃ vaṃśaḥ (masculine, shown by ayam); puras + dāś + ghañ (karman) → (ḍ for d by nipātana) puroḍāśaḥ

III.B. The neuter heading; action nouns and the abstract taddhitas — running example: has + lyuṭ (bhāva) → hasanam (neuter) against pacano 'gniḥ (lyuṭ not in bhāva: masculine); śukla + tva → śuklatvam, śukla + ṣyañ → (ādivṛddhi) śauklyam (neuter); cāturya + ṅīṣ → (y lost) cāturī (feminine option)

III.C. Compounds — running example: pāṇī ca pādau ca → pāṇipādam (dvandva as one: neuter); śara + chāyā → śaracchāyam (neuter); tri + rātri → trirātram (neuter) against sarvarātraḥ (masculine)

III.D. Words in is and us — running example: haviḥ, dhanuḥ (is- and us-final: neuter); chad + ṇic → chādi + isi → (ṇi lost; ā shortened) chadis → iyaṃ chadiḥ (feminine only)

III.E. Words for mouth, eye, forest, food and the rest — running example: mukham, ānanam; vanam, gahanam (neuter) against aṭavī (feminine) and araṇyaḥ / araṇyam

III.F. Words with l as penultimate — running example: kula → kulam (neuter); tūla → ayaṃ tūlaḥ (masculine); śīla → śīlam / śīlaḥ (both)

III.G. Number words — running example: śatam, sahasram (neuter); ayaṃ śataḥ / idaṃ śatam (both); iyaṃ lakṣā, iyaṃ koṭiḥ (feminine)

III.H. Words ending in the affixes man, as and tra — running example: car + manin → carma (two vowels, not the agent: neuter) against dāmā (agent) and mahimā (three vowels), both masculine; yaśaḥ (neuter) against candramāḥ; patram (neuter) against ayaṃ bhṛtraḥ (masculine)

III.I. Strength, flower, battle, fruit and tree words; the closing lists; akṣa — running example: balam (neuter); padma → padmaḥ / padmam (both); āmalakam, āmram (fruit: neuter) against harītakyaḥ (fruits of the harītakī: feminine); akṣa (sense-organ: neuter)

Part IV — LA 172–188: the last feminine-and-masculine words, the masculine-and-neuter section (kuśa and its feminine), words of undifferentiated gender, and the paravat words that take the gender of what they qualify; the close of the Siddhānta-kaumudī

Covers LA 172–188 (17 sūtras, in 14 units): all present. LA 175 and 176 sit inside sk110174.k1, and LA 184 sits inside the sūtra field of sk110183. There are no units sk110175, sk110176 or sk110184.

IV.A. Feminine-and-masculine words: the close of the strīpuṃsādhikāra — running example: mṛtyu → iyaṃ mṛtyuḥ (f.) / ayaṃ mṛtyuḥ (m.)

IV.B. Masculine-and-neuter words — running example: ghṛta → ayaṃ ghṛtaḥ (m.) / idaṃ ghṛtam (n.)

IV.C. kuśa: masculine and neuter, but feminine as a rod; the close of the puṃnapuṃsakādhikāra — running example: kuśa → kuśaḥ (m., darbha grass) / kuśam (n., water) / kuśī, kuśā (f., a rod)

Because these three form one statement (ekavākyatva), the Bhāmatī's reading ā-chanda with āṅ-praśleṣa is dismissed as prauḍhivāda.

IV.D. Words of undifferentiated gender, and "the rest follow their noun" — running example: eka → ekaḥ puruṣaḥ (m.) / ekā strī (f.) / ekaṃ kulam (n.)

IV.E. paravat words: quality-words, kṛtyas, lyuṭ of instrument or locus, and pronouns take the gender of what they qualify; the close of the work — running example: śukla → śuklaḥ paṭaḥ (m.) / śuklā paṭī (f.) / śuklaṃ vastram (n.)

← readingall prakaraṇas →