तिङन्ततनादिप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 2547–2553 (7 sūtras): all present. sk2550 has no kaumudī gloss of its own: Bhaṭṭoji's gloss under 2551 covers both 2550 and 2551. The spine is not an Aṣṭādhyāyī run. The SK follows the Dhātupāṭha order of the tanādi roots (1463 tanu … 1472 ḍukṛñ, our numbering), teaches luk of sic at tan (2.4.79), and then gives kṛñ a run of its own: 6.4.108–109, then 6.1.137–139 and 6.1.135. Every AS-ref below is checked against references/ashtadhyayi/sutraani-data.json.

• The suṭ run is out of Aṣṭādhyāyī order. In the Aṣṭādhyāyī, suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ (6.1.135) precedes saṃparibhyāṃ karotau bhūṣaṇe (6.1.137). Bhaṭṭoji teaches it last (2553), so the suṭ of 2550–2552 is carried from a sūtra the SK has not yet reached. The vārttika aḍabhyāsavyavāye 'pi (in the Aṣṭādhyāyī text, 6.1.136) was given at SK 2539.
• sutraani-data.json readings. For 6.1.137 the data has the Vṛtti reading saṃparyupebhyaḥ. Bhaṭṭoji reads saṃparibhyām, following the Bhāṣya and the vārttika (TB). The data's 6.1.139 lacks the final ca that ours has. The reference numbers agree.
• Rules the prakaraṇa leans on but does not teach. tanādikṛñbhya uḥ (3.1.79, SK 2466) gives the vikaraṇa u. ata ut sārvadhātuke (6.4.110, SK 2467) gives the u of kuru-. utaś ca pratyayād asaṃyogapūrvāt (6.4.106, SK 2334) and lopaś cāsyānyatarasyāṃ mvoḥ (6.4.107, SK 2333) feed 2548–2549.

tiṅantatanādiprakaraṇam — outline (p51, SK 2547–2553, all 7 sūtras)

p50 (rudhādi) closed at 2546 with pṛcī: pṛṇakti, paparca, and the colophon "iti rudhādayaḥ" (supplied from the print).

• Where the prakaraṇa begins. sk2547 opens "atha sapta svaritetaḥ" (seven svaritet roots follow), then 1463 tanu vistāre, tanādikṛñbhya uḥ (SK 2466) and tanoti. The sūtra's own gloss (luk of sic) comes after tan's first forms.
• Where it ends. At 2553 with the forms of kṛ with suṭ: saṃskṛṣīṣṭa, samaskṛta, samaskṛṣātām. The print closes "iti tanādayaḥ" ("Here end the tanādi roots"). Ours lacks it, so the English supplies it in brackets (scan page-0425). p52 opens with the kryādi roots, 1473 ḍukrīñ (SK 2554).
• Contents in outline.
• 2547: the tanādi roots and kṛ's present forms. u for śap, and optional luk of sic before ta and thās: tanoti, atata / ataniṣṭa, asāta, akṣata, ārta; karoti, kurutaḥ, kurvanti.
• 2548–2549: kṛ loses its u. The u is lost obligatorily before m or v, and before y: kurvaḥ, kurmaḥ, kuryāt; also kriyāt, akṛta.
• 2550–2552: suṭ for kṛ after sam, pari and upa. It comes in given senses: saṃskaroti, saṃskurvanti, pariṣkaroti, upaskṛtā kanyā, upaskṛtaṃ bhuṅkte.
• 2553: where suṭ stands. It goes before the k, even across aṭ and the abhyāsa, and this has consequences in liṭ, liṅ and luṅ: saṃcaskāra, saṃcaskaratuḥ, saṃcaskaritha, saṃskriyāt, saṃskṛṣīṣṭa.

Threads that run through the prakaraṇa:

• u is the class-mark. The vikaraṇa u replaces śap (SK 2466). Before a pit sārvadhātuka it takes guṇa (tanoti, karoti). Before a kṅit one it does not (tanutaḥ, kurutaḥ). Before a vowel it takes yaṇ (tanvanti, arṇvanti, kurvanti). Before m or v it is lost optionally (tanvaḥ / tanuvaḥ, by SK 2333), and for kṛ obligatorily (2548). hi is lost after it (tanu, by SK 2334).
• Nasal-final roots in the ātmanepada luṅ. Once sic has gone by luk (2547), the root's nasal is lost before ta and thās (anudāttopadeśa…, 6.4.37, SK 2428): atata, akṣata, ārta. san instead takes ā (janasanakhanāṃ sañjhaloḥ, 6.4.42, SK 2504): asāta. Without luk, iṭ comes: ataniṣṭa, asaniṣṭa.
• kṛ gets a run of its own. tanādikṛñbhya uḥ names kṛñ separately, and the kaumudī treats it last and at length. There are three stages: the u and its loss (2547–2549); suṭ after sam, pari and upa (2550–2552); and the placement of suṭ, which decides guṇa and iṭ (2553).
• suṭ reshapes the root. With suṭ, the root is conjunct-initial (skṛ). That brings in ṛtaś ca saṃyogāder guṇaḥ (saṃcaskaratuḥ). But it does not bring in guṇo 'rtisaṃyogādyoḥ (saṃskriyāt) or the iṭ of ṛtaś ca saṃyogādeḥ (saṃskṛṣīṣṭa). The iṭ-prohibitions on bare kṛ also do not reach it (saṃcaskaritha).
• The kaumudī lists forms bare. Lakāra and person labels are the translator's, given in Pāṇinian terms. Derivation stages follow BM and TB as recorded in the unit notes.
• Dhātu numbers. The numbers in our markup run one lower than the print's (print 1464 tanu … 1473 ḍukṛñ). They are given as transmitted.
• Where the commentary lies. Only the kaumudī blocks are translated (SK-TRANSLATE §25).
• TB on 2547–2550 is printed under sk.2546.t1, the composite block that also holds TB on 2546 and closes the tanādi section with "iti tanādayaḥ". TB has no remark on 2551–2553 beyond "saṃparibhyām".
• An NSP footnote on "ātreyādayaḥ" (2547), printed at the foot of p. 414, has been run by the OCR into sk.2546.t1. It breaks TB's "pratyayalakṣaṇapra-/vṛttyā" (on 2549).
• BM on 2548 and 2549 is at the tail of sk.2547.b1. BM on 2550 is only the joint pratīka in sk.2551.b1. sk.2552.b1 ends with the lead-in to 2553.
• BM on 2553 is absent from ours. It survives in Wikisource uttara-2/0073–0074, which the translator used.

Where the p47–53 audit (.work/sk-run/p47-53-audit-fixes.md and .work/sk-run/p47-53-audit/sk2543-2553.md) corrects a reading, this outline follows the corrected reading. The fixer is applying these to the en.yml in parallel.

• 2553 k3 (must-fix). "ṛtaś ca saṃyogādeḥ – 2526 iti liṅsicor neṭ" does not mean that rule forbids iṭ. ṛtaś ca saṃyogādeḥ (7.2.43, SK 2526) prescribes an optional iṭ in ātmanepada liṅ and sic. The point is that this iṭ does not come after kṛ with suṭ. The rule carries 'upadeśe' from ekāca upadeśe 'nudāttāt (7.2.10, SK 2246) and is read "[a root] conjunct-initial in upadeśa". kṛ is not conjunct-initial in upadeśa: saṃskṛṣīṣṭa, samaskṛta. BM (Wikisource 0074) frames it as an objection.
• 2547 (kṣiṇu). saṃjñāpūrvako vidhir anityaḥ means "an operation enjoined by means of a technical name (saṃjñā) is not obligatory". Here that operation is the guṇa of pugantalaghūpadhasya ca, which says "guṇa" without naming the vowel. It does not mean "a rule preceded by a saṃjñā".
• 2550–2551 (BM's anuvṛtti). BM's "suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ ity ato nityaṃ karoter ity ataś ca tadanuvṛtteḥ" is distributive. suṭ comes from suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ, and karoteḥ from nityaṃ karoteḥ (2548, which precedes in Bhaṭṭoji's order). nityaṃ karoteḥ supplies no suṭ. That saṃparibhyāṃ karotau runs into 2551 from 2550 is the translator's, following Bhaṭṭoji's joint gloss.
• 2553 (location). The print's "ṛtaś ca saṃyogāder guṇaḥ 2389" is at the foot of the right column of NSP p. 414 (scan page-0424). Only the continuation from "ṛto bhāradvājasya" onward is on p. 415.

Print readings (NSP, scan-confirmed) that the outline follows:

• hmyanta (SK 2299) for ours hmayanta, arṇitāsi for ours arṇitāse, and tṛṇute, tarṇute where ours omits tarṇute (2547);
• nityam ity anuvartate for ours nityam aty (2553);
• the colophon "iti tanādayaḥ" (2553).
• Cross-reference numbers wrong in ours and the print alike (2553). For ṛtaś ca saṃyogāder guṇaḥ, "2389" should be SK 2379 (7.4.10). For ekāca upadeśe…, "2276" should be SK 2246 (7.2.10). The English gives the correct numbers.
• Mark not followed (2551). The print's vārttika sign before "sivādīnāṃ vā–" is wrong. The words are sūtra 8.3.71 (SK 2359), and the English cites them as a sūtra.
• Ingest artefact (2553). "sūṭkātpūrva ity adhikāraḥ" in source.json's sutra type is in neither the print nor Wikisource. The English takes "heading (adhikāra)" from BM.

Still open for Ajai (mūla): none in this prakaraṇa.

Ordering: SK order throughout. In Aṣṭādhyāyī terms 2553 (6.1.135) is taught after 2550–2552 (6.1.137–139). See the note at the top.

A. tan and the tanādi roots: optional luk of sic before ta and thās; kṛ's present — running example: a-tan-sic-ta → a-tan-ta → a-ta-ta → atata (with luk) / a-tan-iṭ-s-ta → ataniṣṭa (without); kṛ + u + ti → kar-o-ti → karoti

• 2547 tanādibhyas tathāsoḥ 2.4.79 — after tan and the roots that follow it, luk of sic is optional when ta or thās follows.
• luk comes from ṇyakṣatriyārṣañito yūni lug aṇiñoḥ (2.4.58, SK 1276). sicaḥ comes from gātisthāghupābhūbhyaḥ sicaḥ parasmaipadeṣu (2.4.77, SK 2223). vibhāṣā comes from vibhāṣā ghrādheṭśācchāsaḥ (2.4.78, SK 2376) (BM).
• "atha sapta svaritetaḥ". 1463 tanu vistāre: u for śap by tanādikṛñbhya uḥ (SK 2466).
• tanoti.
• tanvaḥ / tanuvaḥ: the u is optionally lost before v (SK 2333).
• tanute; tatāna, tene.
• loṭ tanu: hi is lost after the u (SK 2334).
• luṅ atanīt / atānīt.
• Only the singular ta. Because ta is paired with thās (sāhacarya), only the singular ta counts. So in yūyam ataniṣṭa (parasmaipada luṅ madhyama plural, whose ta replaces tha) there is no luk (BM; TB, printed under sk.2546.t1).
• The ātmanepada. With luk, the nasal is lost before ta and thās by anudāttopadeśa… (SK 2428):
• atata / ataniṣṭa (prathama singular);
• atathāḥ / ataniṣṭhāḥ (madhyama singular).
• BM reads "anudāttopadeśety anunāsikalopas taṅi" as one statement.
• 1464 ṣaṇu dāne (initial ṣ in upadeśa):
• sanoti, sanute.
• āśīrliṅ sāyāt / sanyāt: ā is optional before y (ye vibhāṣā, 6.4.43, SK 2319).
• luṅ asāta: luk of sic, then ā by janasana… (SK 2504).
• asaniṣṭa: no luk, so iṭ comes. No jhal follows, so there is no ā (BM).
• asāthāḥ / asaniṣṭhāḥ.
• 1465 kṣaṇu hiṃsāyām:
• kṣaṇoti, kṣaṇute.
• akṣaṇīt: no vṛddhi, by hmyantakṣaṇaśvasa… (7.2.5, SK 2299; print hmyanta).
• akṣata / akṣaṇiṣṭa, akṣathāḥ / akṣaṇiṣṭhāḥ.
• 1466 kṣiṇu, likewise hiṃsāyām.
• Ātreya and others: the light-penultimate guṇa conditioned by the affix u does not come, because an operation enjoined by a technical name is not obligatory. Others: it comes.
• The NSP footnote gives the ground for dissatisfaction: the Bhāṣya does not state this paribhāṣā.
• kṣiṇoti / kṣeṇoti; kṣeṇitāsi, kṣeṇitāse; akṣeṇīt; akṣita / akṣeṇiṣṭa.
• 1467 ṛṇu gatau: guṇa and its absence as with kṣiṇu (BM).
• ṛṇoti / arṇoti, arṇutaḥ.
• arṇvanti (yaṇ).
• ānarṇa, ānṛṇe; arṇitāsi (print); ārṇīt.
• ātmanepada luṅ ārta / ārṇiṣṭa, ārthāḥ / ārṇiṣṭhāḥ.
• 1468 tṛṇu adane: tṛṇoti / tarṇoti, tṛṇute, tarṇute (print). 1469 ghṛṇu dīptau: jagharṇa, jaghṛṇe.
• Two anudāttet roots. 1470 vanu yācane: vanute, vavane. In Candra's view it is parasmaipadin: vanoti, vavāna. 1471 manu avabodhane: manute, mene.
• 1472 ḍukṛñ karaṇe:
• karoti: ṛ takes guṇa with r because of the affix u, and the u takes guṇa because of tip (BM).
• kurutaḥ: ata ut sārvadhātuke (SK 2467). tas is ṅit, so the u takes no guṇa.
• kuru + anti → kurv-anti: yaṇ. hali ca would lengthen the u, but na bhakurchurām (8.2.79, SK 1629) blocks it: kurvanti.

B. kṛ: the u lost before m, v and y — running example: kuru + vas → kur-vas → kurvaḥ; kuru + yāt → kur-yāt → kuryāt

• 2548 nityaṃ karoteḥ 6.4.108 — after kṛ, the u of the affix is lost obligatorily before m or v. utaḥ pratyayāt comes from SK 2334, and lopaḥ and mvoḥ from SK 2333 (BM, tail of sk.2547.b1). nityam contrasts with that rule's option: tan still has tanvaḥ / tanuvaḥ.
• kurvaḥ, kurmaḥ.
• liṭ cakartha: no iṭ, by kṛsṛbhṛvṛstudrusruśruvo liṭi (7.2.13, SK 2293). The root ends in ṛ, so even on Bhāradvāja's view there is no iṭ (BM).
• cakṛva, cakṛṣe; kartā, kariṣyati.
• BM runs through the loṭ and laṅ as well: karotu / kurutāt, kuru, karavāṇi, akarot, akuruta. It then leads into ye ca with kuru + yāt.
• 2549 ye ca 6.4.109 — the u of kṛ is also lost before a y-initial affix.
• lopaḥ and asya come from SK 2333, asya taking up the utaḥ of SK 2334. karoteḥ comes from 2548. y qualifies the affix, so a y-initial affix is meant (tadādividhi; BM).
• vidhiliṅ kuryāt.
• āśīrliṅ kriyāt: riṅ by riṅ śayagliṅkṣu (7.4.28, SK 2367).
• kṛṣīṣṭa: the affix is kit by uś ca (1.2.12, SK 2368), so there is no guṇa.
• luṅ akārṣīt: vṛddhi before sic, with r.
• ātmanepada luṅ. With luk of sic (2547) the form is akṛta. Where there is no luk, sic is lost by hrasvād aṅgāt (8.2.27, SK 2369). Either way no s is heard: akṛta, akṛthāḥ.
• TB: in that option, pratyayalakṣaṇa does not bring guṇa in akṛta, because sic is kit by uś ca.
• The rest of kṛ's paradigm is deferred to the suṭ forms (2550–2553).

C. suṭ for kṛ after sam, pari and upa, in given senses — running example: sam + kṛ + u + ti → sam + s-kṛ + u + ti → saṃskaroti; pari + s-kṛ → pariṣkaroti; upa + s-kṛ + ta → upaskṛtā

• 2550 saṃparibhyāṃ karotau bhūṣaṇe 6.1.137 — after sam and pari, suṭ is added to kṛ when adorning (bhūṣaṇa) is meant.
• suṭ comes from suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ (2553; BM, audit reading). TB: Bhaṭṭoji reads saṃparibhyām with the Bhāṣya and the vārttika, not the Vṛtti's saṃparyupebhyaḥ.
• There is no kaumudī gloss here (sk2550 has no k-block; the print likewise). The joint gloss under 2551 supplies the example saṃskaroti = alaṃkaroti.
• 2551 samavāye ca 6.1.138 — and when aggregation (samavāya, saṃghāta) is meant.
• saṃparibhyāṃ karotau runs on from 2550 (the translator's, following the joint gloss). suṭ comes from 2553. Bhaṭṭoji glosses both sūtras together: "saṃparipūrvasya karoteḥ suṭ syād bhūṣaṇe saṃghāte cārthe".
• saṃskaroti = alaṃkaroti (bhūṣaṇa, 2550). saṃskurvanti = saṅghībhavanti, "they come together" (samavāya).
• After sam, suṭ sometimes comes even when adorning is not meant. The jñāpaka is saṃskṛtaṃ bhakṣāḥ (4.2.16, SK 1217), where saṃskṛta means "prepared".
• After pari, ṣ replaces the s of suṭ by parinivibhyaḥ sevasita… (8.3.70, SK 2275): pariṣkaroti.
• luṅ paryaṣkārṣīt / paryaskārṣīt: ṣ is optional where aṭ intervenes, by sivādīnāṃ vāḍvyavāye 'pi (8.3.71, SK 2359). The print's vārttika sign here is wrong.
• 2552 upāt pratiyatnavaikṛtavākyādhyāhāreṣu ca 6.1.139 — after upa, suṭ is added to kṛñ for pratiyatna (imparting a quality, guṇādhāna), vaikṛta (alteration, vikāra) and vākyādhyāhāra (supplying the expected part of a sentence). By ca, it also comes in the two senses of 2550–2551 (BM: prāguktayoḥ).
• upaskṛtā kanyā: adorned (bhūṣaṇa).
• upaskṛtā brāhmaṇāḥ: assembled (samavāya).
• edho dakasyopaskurute: the fuel imparts a quality to the water (pratiyatna). dakasya is taken as udakasya (translator).
• upaskṛtaṃ bhuṅkte: he eats what is altered (vaikṛta).
• upaskṛtaṃ brūte: he speaks supplying what the sentence lacks (vākyādhyāhāra).
• BM (end of sk.2552.b1) leads into 2553 with an objection. Doubling depends only on base and affix, so it is antaraṅga. The suṭ of saṃparibhyām… depends on two words, so it is bahiraṅga. In saṃcaskāra, then, doubling would come first and suṭ would stand before the abhyāsa.

D. suṭ before the k, even across aṭ and the abhyāsa; what the conjunct-initial skṛ does and does not trigger — running example: sam + s-kṛ + ṇal → sam + skṛ-skṛ + a → saṃ-ca-skār-a → saṃcaskāra; saṃ-ca-skṛ + atus → saṃcaskaratuḥ

• 2553 suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ 6.1.135 — suṭ is placed before the k of kṛ. It is a heading (adhikāra), understood in saṃparibhyām…, samavāye ca and upāt pratiyatna…. It runs up to, but not including, anudāttaṃ padam ekavarjam (BM, Wikisource 0073). Because it says "pūrvaḥ", suṭ never stands before the abhyāsa.
• Across aṭ and the abhyāsa. It was stated under SK 2539 (the vārttika aḍabhyāsavyavāye 'pi) that suṭ comes before the k even with aṭ or the abhyāsa between: saṃcaskāra, samaskarot.
• The Bhāṣya's alternative. The Bhāṣya rejects "kāt pūrvaḥ" and the rest, letting suṭ alone be the heading. Its reason: "first the root is joined with the upasarga", and only then with the affix. So the operation of root plus upasarga, suṭ, is antaraṅga and comes first, and doubling follows.
• BM: skṛ is doubled; ur-at and raparatva; r and s drop by śarpūrvāḥ khayaḥ; cutva of the abhyāsa: saṃ-ca-skāra.
• liṭ guṇa. With suṭ made first, skṛ is conjunct-initial. So skṛ + atus takes guṇa by ṛtaś ca saṃyogāder guṇaḥ (7.4.10, SK 2379; ours and print "2389"): saṃcaskaratuḥ.
• Had the root met the affix first, there would be no such guṇa (BM).
• iṭ in liṭ (vārttika, k2). "kṛño 'suṭaḥ": kṛsṛbhṛvṛ… (SK 2293) and ṛto bhāradvājasya (7.2.63, SK 2296) apply only to kṛ without suṭ. So kṛ with suṭ takes iṭ: saṃcaskaritha, saṃcaskariva.
• No guṇa in āśīrliṅ. Under guṇo 'rtisaṃyogādyoḥ (7.4.29, SK 2380), nityam runs on from nityaṃ chandasi (7.4.8, SK 3587; print "nityam ity", ours "aty"). "Always conjunct-initial" is meant, and skṛ is conjunct-initial only by suṭ. So there is no guṇa: saṃskriyāt.
• No iṭ in liṅ or sic (audit reading). The optional iṭ of ṛtaś ca saṃyogādeḥ (SK 2526) does not come. That rule carries 'upadeśe' from ekāca upadeśe… (SK 2246; ours and print "2276"), so it covers only a root conjunct-initial in upadeśa, which kṛ is not:
• āśīrliṅ saṃskṛṣīṣṭa;
• luṅ samaskṛta, samaskṛṣātām.
• BM (Wikisource 0073–0074) takes all three points as answers to objections.
• Close: "iti tanādayaḥ" (Here end the tanādi roots). It is supplied from the print; TB closes alike (in sk.2546.t1). Wikisource BM closes "… uvikaraṇanirūpaṇaṃ samāptam". p52 opens with the kryādi roots, 1473 ḍukrīñ (SK 2554).