PREMABASESiddhānta-kaumudī
Outline · Prakaraṇa 44

तिङन्तभ्वादिप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 2151–2422 (272 sūtras): all present (written in four parts, each coverage-checked by script: 2151–2218, 2219–2286, 2287–2354, 2355–2422). The spine is not an Aṣṭādhyāyī run: the SK assembles the tiṅanta machinery in derivation order around the root bhū, taking sūtras from AS books 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 (e.g. 3.2.123 → 3.4.69 → 1.4.99 → 1.3.12 … 2.4.85 … 8.4.54). Every AS-ref below is checked against references/ashtadhyayi/sutraani-data.json.

tiṅantabhvādiprakaraṇam — outline (p44, SK 2151–2422, all 272 sūtras)

p43 (dviruktaprakaraṇam) closed at 2150 with dvandvam and the close of the pūrvārdha.

Threads that run through Part I:

Where the p44 audit (.work/sk-run/p44-audit-fixes.md and the reports sk2151-2164 … sk2207-2220) corrects a reading, this outline follows the corrected reading. They were applied in the audit fix pass.

Print readings (NSP, scan-confirmed) that the outline follows:

Still open for Ajai (mūla):

Ordering: SK order throughout; no reordering. Groups follow the lakāra-by-lakāra sequence of the SK.

The four parts. 272 sūtras are too many for one list of groups, so the outline runs in four parts, each with its own lettered groups (I.A … IV.N):

Part I — SK 2151–2218: bhū through every lakāra

I.A. The lakāra and the l that the endings replace — running example: bhū + laṭ → bhū + l → bhū + tip

I.B. Which nine: parasmaipada or ātmanepada — running example: bhū + l → bhū + (tip … mas)

I.C. Which ending: person and number — running example: bhū + (tip … mas) → bhū + ti

I.D. laṭ of bhū: bhavati … bhavāmaḥ — running example: bhū + ti → bhū + a + ti → bhavati

I.E. liṭ: ārdhadhātuka endings and vuk — running example: bhū + liṭ → bhū + ṇal → bhū + a → bhūv + a

I.F. Reduplication, and the rest of liṭ: babhūva … babhūvima — running example: bhūv a → bhūv bhūv a → bhu bhūv a → babhūva

I.G. The two futures: luṭ bhavitā …, lṛṭ bhaviṣyati … — running example: bhū + tās + ti → bhū + i + tās + ḍā → bhavit ā → bhavitā

I.H. loṭ: bhavatu … bhavāma — running example: bhava + ti → bhavatu; bhava + hi → bhava; bhava + ā + ni → bhavāni

I.I. laṅ: abhavat … abhavāma — running example: bhava + ti → a + bhava + ti → abhavat

I.J. vidhiliṅ: bhavet … bhavema — running example: bhava + yās + s + t → bhava + yā + t → bhava + iy + t → bhavet

I.K. āśīrliṅ: bhūyāt … bhūyāsma — running example: bhū + yās + s + t → bhūyāt

I.L. luṅ introduced — running example: bhū + luṅ → (abhūt, SK 2221 ff., next part)

Part II — SK 2219–2286: luṅ/lṛṅ of bhū, the edh paradigm, liṭ by ām, the anudātta and ṣ/ṇ-initial roots

Covers SK 2219–2286 (68 sūtras): all present.

Contents (this part)

Order: SK order throughout. The Aṣṭādhyāyī order jumps constantly here (3.3 → 3.1 → 2.4 → 7.3 …), because Bhaṭṭoji brings in each rule where the bhū/edh paradigms first need it.

II.A. The rest of bhū: luṅ (with and without māṅ) and lṛṅ — running example: bhū + luṅ → a-bhū-s-t → abhūt; abhūvan; mā bhavān bhūt; abhaviṣyat

II.B. The upasarga before the root, and ṇ in āni and ni — running example: pra + bhavāni → prabhavāṇi; pra-ni-bhavati → praṇibhavati / pranibhavati

II.C. laṭ ātmanepada of edh — running example: edh + śap + ta → edha + ta → edhate

II.D. liṭ by the ām-periphrasis — running example: edh + liṭ → edh-ām + [luk of liṭ] + kṛ-liṭ → edhāṃcakre

II.E. The auxiliary kṛ in liṭ — running example: kṛ + ta → kṛ + e → kṛ kṛ e → ka kṛ e → ca kṛ e → cakre (edhāṃcakre)

II.F. edhām āsa, then luṭ and lṛṭ — running example: edhām + as + a → edhām āsa; edh + iṭ + tās + ḍā → edhitā → edhitādhve, edhitāhe

II.G. loṭ of edh — running example: edhate → edhatām; edha-se → edhasva; edha-e → edhai

II.H. laṅ, the two liṅs, luṅ and lṛṅ of edh; the anudātta roots — running example: ā + edha + ta → aidhata; edha + (s)īy + ta → edheta; edh-i-sīy-s-ta → edhiṣīṣṭa; aidh-i-ṣ-at-a → aidhiṣata

II.I. liṭ of the d/dh-final ātmanepadins: the kept khay, e with loss of the abhyāsa, num — running example: spardh + e → paspardhe; dadh dadh e → dedhe; skud → skundate, cuskunde; dad → dadade

II.J. Root-initial ṣ → s; lengthening before a penultimate r — running example: ṣvad → svadate, sasvade; urd → ūrdate, ūrdāṃcakre

II.K. luṅ of seṭ parasmaipadins: sic-loss before īṭ, and vṛddhi blocked — running example: āt-i-s-ī-t → ātīt; mā bhavān atīt; cyut → acyutat / acyotīt

II.L. ṣ for s after an upasarga — running example: ni + sedhati → niṣedhati; ni-a-sedhat → nyaṣedhat; ni + sisedha → niṣiṣedha; but gaṅgāṃ visedhati

II.M. ṣidhū with and without iṭ: dh for t/th, and s lost between jhals — running example: sisedh + tha → siṣedh-dha → siṣeddha / siṣedhitha; asaidh-s-tām → asaiddhām

II.N. vṛddhi of the penultimate a: in liṭ, and optionally in the seṭ luṅ — running example: ca-khad + ṇal(a) → cakhāda; uttama cakhāda / cakhada; akhādīt / akhadīt

II.O. ṇ for the n of ni before gad and the rest; root-initial ṇ → n — running example: pra + ni + gadati → praṇigadati; ṇad → nad-

Part III — SK 2287–2354: roots 55–845 — liṭ iṭ, aorist stems, āya/ṇiṅ, caṅ, the dyutādi, vṛtādi, ghaṭādi

Covers SK 2287–2354 (68 sūtras): all present.

Contents (this part)

III.A. The nad…ukh run: ṇ for ṇopadeśa roots, nuṭ after the lengthened ā, the initial it-letters, and uvaṅ in the abhyāsa — running example: ard + ṇal → ā ard a → ānarda; ukh → uvokha, ūkhatuḥ

III.B. aj → vī, and the iṭ of liṭ and thal — running example: aj → vivāya, vivyatuḥ; thal: vivayitha / vivetha / ājitha

III.C. The luṅ and āśīrliṅ stems: optional aṅ, sic-vṛddhi and what blocks it, the long vowel before y, and kit liṅ/sic in the ātmanepada — running example: aj → avaiṣīt / ājīt; kṣi → kṣīyāt, akṣaiṣīt; kaṭe → akaṭīt; tip → tipsīṣṭa, atipta

III.D. e with loss of the abhyāsa for trap, and num for jabh — running example: trap → trepe; jabh → jambhate

III.E. āya and ṇiṅ as root-forming affixes, and the periphrastic liṭ — running example: gup → gopāya → gopāyati, gopāyāṃcakāra / jugopa; kam → kāmi → kāmayate, kāmayāṃcakre / cakame

III.F. The caṅ-aorist of ṇi-final stems — running example: kām i + luṅ → kām i a ta → kām a ta → kam a ta → ka kam a ta → ki kam a ta → kī kam a ta → acīkamata

III.G. am…kram: ā for san before y, the long vowel before a śit affix, optional śyan, and the iṭ of kram — running example: kram → krāmyati / krāmati, krāmyatu / krāmatu, akramīt

III.H. ay…tāy: ām for ay, optional ḍh, l for the r of an upasarga, pī for pyāy, and ciṇ with luk of ta — running example: ay → ayāṃcakre, āyiḍhvam / āyidhvam, palāyate; pyāy → pipye, apyāyi

III.I. al, ji and dhinv: vṛddhi of l/r-final a-roots, a velar after the abhyāsa, and the u-vikaraṇa of dhinv/kṛṇv — running example: dhinv → dhin + a + u → dhinoti; dhinvaḥ / dhinuvaḥ; dhinu

III.J. ūṣman-final roots: ḍh-lopa, ksa, śnu for akṣ and takṣ, optional iṭ before t, ām for uṣ, t for the s of ghas, and aṅ for ḷdit roots — running example: gṛh → aghṛkṣata, aghṛkṣātām; akṣ → akṣṇoti / akṣati; ghas → ghatsyati, aghasat

III.K. The dyutādi and vṛtādi groups, closing with kḷp — running example: dyut → didyute, adyutat / adyotiṣṭa; vṛt → vartsyati / vartiṣyate, avṛtat / avartiṣṭa; kṛp → kalpate, kalptāsi

III.L. The ghaṭādi (mit) and phaṇādi groups — running example: vyath → vivyathe; phaṇ → pheṇatuḥ / paphaṇatuḥ; ghaṭ → ghaṭayati

Part IV — SK 2355–2422: roots 846–1010 to the end of the bhvādi, and ṛter īyaṅ

Covers SK 2355–2422 (68 sūtras): all present. SK 2393 and 2396 have no kaumudī of their own (ours and the print): 2393 is glossed jointly under 2394, 2396 jointly under 2397. Both are placed below.

Contents (this part). SK order throughout, with no reordering. The sūtras stand inside the bhvādi dhātupāṭha, roots 846–1010: the end of the jvalādi (to kas, 860), the svaritets to guhū (861–896), the ubhayapadin and parasmaipadin vowel-final roots (897–947), the ṅit roots to ḍīṅ (948–968), and the anudāttet, svaritet and parasmaipadin roots up to the yajādi (969–1010).

IV.A. pat, bhram, sah: pum, optional e with abhyāsa-loss, o for a — running example: sah + tā → soḍhā → parisoḍhā

IV.B. The śit substitutes, and sad/śad — running example: sad + śap + ti → sīdati; ni + sīdati → niṣīdati; liṭ niṣasāda

IV.C. Loss of the penultimate, ū of guh, luk of ksa — running example: guh + śap + ti → gūhati; aguh + ksa + ta → aghukṣata / agūḍha

IV.D. bhṛñ: the ṛ-final root in lṛṭ, āśīrliṅ and luṅ — running example: bhṛ → bhariṣyati, bhriyāt, bhṛṣīṣṭa, abhṛta

IV.E. ā-final roots from e/ai: dheṭ and glai — running example: dhe → dhā → dadhau, dadhatuḥ, dheyāt, adadhat / adhāt / adhāsīt

IV.F. ṛ- and u-final roots: guṇa in liṭ and liṅ, and iṭ in thal and sic — running example: hvṛ → jahvāra, jahvaratuḥ, hvaryāt, ahvārṣīt; ṛ → āra, āritha, aryāt, ārṣīt

IV.G. Stem substitutes and i for ā: śṛṇoti, digye, adita — running example: śru + śap + ti → śṛ + nu + ti → śṛṇoti

IV.H. The ṝ-final tṝ: i, guṇa/vṛddhi, long iṭ — running example: tṝ → tarati, teratuḥ, tarītā / taritā, tīryāt, atāriṣṭām

IV.I. san in its own sense — running example: gup + san → jugupsate ("censures")

IV.J. n-loss before śap, and the ṣ of svañj and skand — running example: svañj + śap + te → svajate; pari- → pariṣvajate; liṭ pariṣasvaje

IV.K. gam, sṛp, tap, dṛś: ch, iṭ, the augment am, guṇa before aṅ, no ksa — running example: dṛś → paśyati, dadarśitha / dadraṣṭha, draṣṭā, adarśat / adrākṣīt

IV.L. saṃprasāraṇa in the yajādi and grahādi — running example: yaj + ṇal → yayāj + a → iyāja; yaj + atus → ij + atus → ījatuḥ

BM's verse lists the yajādi as yaj, vap, vah, vas, veñ, vyeñ, hveñ, vad and śvi. vac and svap are named separately.

IV.M. aṅ/caṅ for hvā and śvi, and the close of the bhvādi — running example: hvā → ahvat / ahvata / ahvāsta; śvi → aśvat / aśiśviyat / aśvayīt

IV.N. ṛter īyaṅ: a sautra root made into a derived root — running example: ṛt + īyaṅ → ṛtīya → ṛtīyate

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