तद्धिताधिकारे प्रागिवीयप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 1974–2050 (77 sūtras): all present. The spine is Aṣṭādhyāyī 5.3.27–5.3.95 with one omission, some reordering, and nine sūtras inserted from elsewhere.

• Omission: 5.3.33 paśca paścā ca chandasi (SK 3501). It is Vedic and is treated in the Vaidika section.
• Reordering inside 5.3:
• 5.3.39–41 (SK 1975–1977) are pulled forward to follow 5.3.27. BM says this shows their words running on into astāti ca.
• 5.3.83 (SK 2035) stands before 5.3.80–81.
• 5.3.84 (SK 2038) stands before 5.3.82 (SK 2039).
• Insertions:
• the saṃjñā 1.1.22 (SK 2003);
• 5.4.11 (SK 2004);
• the iṣṭha/iman/īyas operations 6.4.154, 156–160 and 163 (SK 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015–2018). Each is placed where it builds the comparative and superlative forms.

taddhitādhikāre prāgivīyaprakaraṇam — outline (p41, SK 1974–2050, all 77 sūtras)

p40 (the prāgdiśīya section) closed at 1973 with kimaś ca (5.3.25).

• Where the prakaraṇa begins. NSP prints "prāgdiśīyānāṃ vibhaktisaṃjñānāṃ pūrṇo 'vadhiḥ" under 1973. Our digital mūla lacks the line, and it has been escalated to Ajai. BM opens 1974 with "atha prāgivīyaprakaraṇam ārabhyate".
• Where it ends. The section closes at 2050 with "prāgivīyānāṃ pūrṇo 'vadhiḥ" (NSP mūla, BM and TB). "Prāgivīya" means the affixes taught before ive pratikṛtau (5.3.96, SK 2051), which opens p42.
• Contents in outline.
• 1974–1987: direction adverbs. astāti and its apavādas. These give words for "in / from / [being] the east, north…".
• 1988–1992: dhā. "In so many ways", with dhā's substitutes.
• 1993–2000: small svārthikas. Contemptible, a share, alone, formerly.
• 2001–2020: the degrees of comparison. tamap/iṣṭhan and tarap/īyasun, with the stem changes before iṣṭha, iman and īyas.
• 2021–2024: rūpap, kalpap, bahuc, jātīyar.
• 2025–2050: the ka section (prāg ivāt kaḥ), with akac. The senses are unknown, despised, pitied, small, short and diminished, then ḍatarac/ḍatamac, and finally the kan of disparagement.

Threads that run through the prakaraṇa:

• 1974's conditions run on up to 1988, without astāti itself (BM). A direction-word, in the seventh, fifth or first case, denoting a direction, place or time: every direction affix in 1975–1987 inherits these conditions.
• apañcamyāḥ (1984) holds "prāg aseḥ", i.e. up to 5.3.39 in AS order (Bhāṣya, cited by BM). That covers 1985–1987.
• Avyayas. The affixes from tasil (SK 1953) up to edhāc (SK 1992) make avyayas (BM on 1992). The vārttika list tasilādayaḥ prāk pāśapaḥ (for puṃvadbhāva by 6.3.35, SK 836) stops before pāśap (1993). So rūpya (2000) gets no puṃvadbhāva, and dvaidha with ḍa is a declined word (1991).
• 'ajādī' (2006) is recast as a seventh case ("before iṣṭhan/īyasun"). BM and TB state this at 2009, 2011, 2019 and 2020. At 2013 and 2014 BM calls the same words the kaumudī's śeṣapūraṇa.
• 'iṣṭhemeyassu' (2008) is carried forward into 2010 and 2015–2018 (BM).
• 'tiṅaś ca' (2002) continues through 2021 (rūpap) and 2022 (pacatikalpam).
• supaḥ in 2023 stops it (BM), and ka (2025) takes supaḥ (TB), so ka never comes after a tiṅanta.
• It resumes at 2026 by frog's leap (maṇḍūkapluti) over 5.3.68–70 (BM, TB).
• The ka section. prāg ivāt kaḥ (2025) is a heading up to 2051. avyayasarvanāmnām akac prāk ṭeḥ (2026) and kasya ca daḥ (2027) are headings over the same stretch (BM). So every sense from 2028 on (unknown, despised, pitied, small, short) takes ka after a subanta and akac inside an avyaya, pronoun or tiṅanta.
• The great option (mahāvibhāṣā), the "vā" of samarthānāṃ prathamād vā (SK 1072), still runs (TB at 2048).
• It lets the underived word stand beside the derivative (kaḥ beside kataraḥ, 2047).
• It makes the luk of 1997 a jñāpaka.
• It makes the "vā" of 2048 serve akac.

Only the kaumudī blocks are translated (SK-TRANSLATE §25). The BM and TB readings cited here are those recorded in the unit notes. "BM print" means the Wikisource SK+BM edition.

• TB printed under a neighbouring unit:
• 1974–1978 under sk.1973.t1;
• 1984 under sk.1980.t1;
• 2011–2012 under sk.2009.t1;
• 2016–2017 under sk.2015.t1;
• 2022–2023 under sk.2021.t1;
• 2024 under sk.1971.t1 (on thāl; nothing is printed at 2024 itself, p. 324);
• 2028's vārttikas under sk.2027.t1;
• 2033 and part of 2035 under sk.2034.t1;
• 2043, 2046, 2047 and 2048 under sk.2041.t1.
• No TB is printed on 1975, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1995–1997, 2014, 2029, 2030, 2039, 2042, 2044 or 2045.
• BM filed under a neighbouring or wrong unit:
• 1982 is at the tail of sk.1981.b1;
• 2004 is at the tail of sk.2003.b1 (sk.2004.b1 is a misfiled samāsānta comment);
• 2022 is under sk.2021.b1;
• 2029 is at the tail of sk.2028.b1;
• 2041 is under sk.2002.b1;
• sk.1985.b1 is BM on SK 2104.
• BM missing from the digital source on 1985, 2002 and 2008; it is cited from the BM print.

Where the p40–41 audit (.work/sk-run/p40-41-audit-fixes.md and its reports) corrects a reading, this outline follows the corrected reading.

• 2023 (must-fix): bahuc comes before the subanta. TB construes the kaumudī's "subantāt" with prāk ("before", like prāg grāmāt). It is not the default "after" of tasmād ity uttarasya. "supaḥ kim" means "Why [say] 'supaḥ'?".
• 2050 (must-fix): the kan marks grammar as the means by which another person is disparaged. avakṣepaṇa is lyuṭ in the instrument sense (BM: "vyākaraṇaṃ hi svato na kutsitam"; TB: "avakṣipyate yena"). It is not "paltry grammar". A thing contemptible in itself takes the ka of 2029.
• 1974: no yathāsaṅkhya is the commentators' conclusion, not the kaumudī's words. BM grounds it on vyākhyāna, TB on the rule not being svarita.
• 1980: the kaumudī itself states the luk of astāti. The liṅgaviśiṣṭa-paribhāṣā makes "añceḥ" include the feminine prācī; prācī's taking astāti needs no paribhāṣā.
• 1981: ūrdhva is the substituend, replaced by upa. It is not a sense.
• 1989: the anuvṛtti of saṃkhyāyāḥ and dhā is the translator's inference from the kaumudī's paraphrase.
• 1991: dvaidhāni is a declined adjective, "twofold" (BM: sattvavacana). It is not an adverb.
• 1998: kan and luk are drawn in by "ca" (anukarṣaṇa), not by anuvṛtti. The luk is of ākinic or of kan (TB).
• 2001: atiśāyana qualifies the base's meaning, and the affix only manifests it (dyotaka) (TB, BM). Excellence is not the affix's sense.
• 2005: vibhajya means "what is to be divided off", i.e. the group from which something is divided.
• 2021: praśaṃsā means "excellence", the completeness of the base's meaning (TB: paripūrṇatā, caurarūpaḥ). It is not praise.
• 2024: "prakāravati ca" means only in that which has the mode (BM's gloss).
• 2026: the frog's leap is over 5.3.68–70, not 5.3.57–70. TB adds that ṅyāpprātipadikāt and supaḥ also continue.
• 2027: BM's svarita is declared on one part (ekadeśa) of the compound. Our BM reads "ekādeśa", an error.
• 2028 k4: "anyatra tu subantasya ṭeḥ prāg akac" is the continuation of the o/s/bh vārttika. It is not a second vārttika, and it is not in NSP.
• 2032: hanta expresses compassion (BM). It does not mean "here", and nothing in the text is diminutive ("little").
• 2036: "pūrvaviṣaye" means the domain of SK 2033 (BM).
• 2038: lopa comes from 5.3.82 (SK 2039) by way of 5.3.83 (TB). 5.3.83 itself has no word lopa.
• 2042: "the preceding" is hrasve, which gives the affixes "as prescribed" (ka, akac …), not ka alone.
• 2047: ḍatarac comes only after kim/yad/tad denoting the one singled out (BM, TB).
• 2048: jāti qualifies all three words; paripraśna qualifies kim alone (BM, TB).

Anuvṛtti wording follows the house rule:

• "carried forward" is used only where a commentator says anuvartate;
• BM's "… iti śeṣaḥ" is written "supplied (śeṣa)";
• a source-sūtra number that no commentator names is marked as the translator's.

Print readings. The outline reads the NSP forms that the scan confirms:

• digdeśakāla-, astātiḥ (1974);
• the counter-example given once (1977);
• saṃkhyāntarāpādane (1989);
• iṣṭhādiṣu (2010);
• preṣṭhaḥ without the dittography, and pṛthvādi (2016);
• kanīyān (2019);
• pratyaye, ūrdhvasya and [bhānudattaḥ] (2035);
• śevalilaḥ (2038);
• hrasvā kuṭī (2043);
• āyudhaviśeṣaḥ (2045);
• mahāvibhāṣayā (2047).

Still open for Ajai (mūla):

• 1995: NSP reads caturthaḥ, pañcamaḥ; our source reads aṣṭamaḥ.
• 2022: NSP reads yajuḥkalpam; BM, Wikisource and 8.3.39 give yajuṣkalpam.
• 1973: the missing prāgdiśīya colophon.
• 2050: the missing colophon, supplied in brackets.

Ordering: SK order throughout. The SK's own reorderings of the AS are noted where they occur.

Affix shapes used below (standard; cited where the units do not spell them out):

• Direction affixes.
• astāti → -astāt and āti → -āt: the i is for pronunciation (BM).
• atasuc → -atas, asi → -as.
• enap → -ena, āc → -ā, āhi → -āhi.
• ril → -ri, riṣṭātil → -riṣṭāt.
• ñ-marked affixes (ña, dhyamuñ, dhamuñ) bring vṛddhi of the first vowel by taddhiteṣv acām ādeḥ (7.2.117, SK 1075).
• n-marked an and kan give an initial udātta by ñnityādir nityam (6.1.197, SK 3686). That accent is their whole point where ka or the plain word would give the same shape (1994, 2030).
• Degree affixes. tamap → -tama, tarap → -tara, iṣṭhan → -iṣṭha, īyasun → -īyas (nominative -īyān). Before iṣṭha, iman and īyas the ṭi of the stem is deleted by ṭeḥ (6.4.155, SK 1786), unless 2010 intervenes.
• ḍ-marked affixes (ḍatarac, ḍatamac, aḍac, ḍupac) delete the stem's ṭi by ṭeḥ (6.4.143, SK 316).
• ṭhac and its companions. ṭhac → -ika by ṭhasyekaḥ (7.3.50, SK 1170). After a stem ending in an uk vowel it becomes -ka by isusuktāntāt kaḥ (7.3.51, SK 1221). ghan → -iya by āyaneyīnīyiyaḥ… (7.1.2, SK 475). vuc → -aka by yuvor anākau (7.1.1, SK 1247).
• akac is -ak- placed before the ṭi: ucca|k|aiḥ, sarva|k|e, pacata|k|i.

A. The eastern quarter as where / whence: astāti, asi, and pur, adh, av — running example: pūrvasyāṃ / pūrvasyāḥ / pūrvā dik → purastāt, puraḥ

• 1974 dikśabdebhyaḥ saptamīpañcamīprathamābhyo digdeśakāleṣv astātiḥ 5.3.27 — astāti, in the base's own sense. It comes after a word conventionally used for a direction (rūḍha; BM derives this from "śabda"). That word must be in the seventh, fifth or first case and must denote a direction, place or time.
• The target is pūrva in pūrvasyām ("in the east"), pūrvasyāḥ ("from the east") and pūrvā ("the east"). astāt is added; the pur of the result comes from 1976.
• Any of the three cases goes with any of the three senses (no yathāsaṅkhya: BM, TB). TB's forms: purastād vasati, purastād āgataḥ, purastād ramaṇīyam.
• The rule, minus astāti, runs on to 1988 (BM).
• 1975 pūrvādharāvarāṇām asi puradhavaś caiṣām 5.3.39 — after pūrva, adhara and avara in astāti's sense, the affix asi comes. With it, pur, adh, av replace them respectively (kramāt).
• pūrvā + asi → pur + as → puraḥ; likewise adhaḥ, avaḥ (the forms are given by BM; the kaumudī lists them under 1976).
• 1976 astāti ca 5.3.40 — pur, adh and av replace the same three before astāti too. pūrvādharāvarāṇām and puradhavaḥ are carried forward (BM).
• pūrvā + astāt → pur + astāt → purastāt. The kaumudī pairs each asi form with its astāti form: puraḥ, purastāt; adhaḥ, adhastāt; avaḥ, avastāt.
• The form purataḥ (Bhavabhūti, Amara) is a slip, say many. Some instead take the a of atasuc as generalising the affix (TB; BM on 1978).
• 1977 vibhāṣāvarasya 5.3.41 — for avara, av comes only optionally before astāti (astāti carried forward, BM): avastāt / avarastāt.
• The kaumudī then tests 1974's three conditions, one counter-example each:
• aindryāṃ vasati: not a word conventionally used for a direction;
• pūrvaṃ grāmaṃ gataḥ: a second-case word;
• pūrvasmin gurau vasati ("with his former teacher"): not a direction, place or time.
• Jñāpaka: 1976 exists, so asi (special) does not block astāti (general).

B. The other direction affixes: atasuc, luk, ril/riṣṭātil, āti, enap, āc, āhi — running example: uttarā dik → uttarataḥ, uttarāt, uttareṇa, uttarā, uttarāhi

• 1978 dakṣiṇottarābhyām atasuc 5.3.28 — atasuc after dakṣiṇa and uttara, in 1974's senses; it is an apavāda of astāti. uttara + atas → uttarataḥ, dakṣiṇataḥ.
• BM: the initial a is only for clarity, and the Bhāṣya sets it aside.
• 1979 vibhāṣā parāvarābhyām 5.3.29 — atasuc is optional after para and avara (atasuc supplied, BM); in the other option astāti comes.
• parataḥ / parastāt, avarataḥ / avarastāt.
• 1980 añcer luk 5.3.30 — after a direction-word ending in añc, there is luk of astāti. The kaumudī itself supplies astāti.
• "añceḥ" covers the feminine prācī by the liṅgaviśiṣṭa-paribhāṣā (BM). With the luk, the feminine affix also goes, by luk taddhitaluki (1.2.49, SK 1408).
• prācyām / prācyāḥ / prācī [dik] → prāk, as in prāg vasati, prāg āgataḥ (TB). Likewise udak.
• 1981 upary upariṣṭāt 5.3.31 — in astāti's domain, upa replaces ūrdhva, and the affix is ril or riṣṭātil.
• ūrdhva → upa + ri → upari; upa + riṣṭāt → upariṣṭāt.
• upari / upariṣṭād vasati, āgataḥ, ramaṇīyam illustrate the three cases in order (BM).
• 1982 paścāt 5.3.32 — in astāti's domain, paśca replaces apara, and the affix āti comes: apara → paśca + āt → paścāt. The source is a Bhāṣya sentence (BM).
• 1983 uttarādharadakṣiṇād ātiḥ 5.3.34 — āti after uttara, adhara and dakṣiṇa, as an apavāda of astāti (BM). uttarāt, adharāt, dakṣiṇāt.
• 1984 enab anyatarasyām adūre 'pañcamyāḥ 5.3.35 — enap, optionally, after uttara, adhara and dakṣiṇa (carried forward from 1983, BM).
• Conditions: the limit and the limited are near each other (adūre), and the word is not in the fifth case.
• uttareṇa, adhareṇa, dakṣiṇena, with vasati or ramaṇīyam (TB). The fifth case keeps uttarād āgataḥ.
• Otherwise each word keeps its own affix (BM: astāti, asi, āti; TB lists dakṣiṇataḥ, uttarāt …).
• "Some" allow enap after any direction-word: pūrveṇa grāmam, apareṇa grāmam.
• 1985 dakṣiṇād āc 5.3.36 — āc after dakṣiṇa, in astāti's domain. adūre does not continue (BM print).
• apañcamyāḥ does hold: dakṣiṇā vasati, but dakṣiṇād āgataḥ.
• BM print counts three forms: dakṣiṇā, dakṣiṇāt, dakṣiṇataḥ.
• 1986 āhi ca dūre 5.3.37 — after dakṣiṇa (supplied, BM), in the sense far, the affix āhi; by "ca", āc as well. dakṣiṇāhi, dakṣiṇā.
• 1987 uttarāc ca 5.3.38 — the same two affixes after uttara (supplied, BM): uttarāhi, uttarā.
• So uttara has five forms: uttarataḥ (1978), uttarāt (1983), uttareṇa ("near", 1984), uttarā and uttarāhi ("far").

C. "In so many ways": dhā and its substitutes — running example: dvi → dvidhā, dvaidham, dvedhā

• 1988 saṃkhyāyā vidhārthe dhā 5.3.42 — dhā, in its own sense, after a number-word used in the sense of vidhā = prakāra ("mode"). By the nature of expression, this means only a mode of action (kriyāprakāra; BM, TB).
• catur → caturdhā [gacchati], pañcadhā; hence dvidhā.
• 1974's heading ends here.
• 1989 adhikaraṇavicāle ca 5.3.43 — dhā also when a substance is brought to another number (saṃkhyāntarāpādana).
• ekaṃ rāśiṃ pañcadhā kuru; the reverse is anekam ekadhā kuru (BM, TB).
• saṃkhyāyāḥ and dhā continuing is the translator's inference.
• 1990 ekād dho dhyamuñ anyatarasyām 5.3.44 — after eka, dhyamuñ optionally replaces dhā, in either sense (TB).
• eka + dhā → eka + dhyam → aikadhyam (ñ brings vṛddhi); otherwise ekadhā.
• It is a substitute, not an affix of its own. As an affix it would be confined to 1989's sense (BM).
• 1991 dvitryoś ca dhamuñ 5.3.45 — after dvi and tri, dhamuñ optionally replaces dhā. dhaḥ and anyatarasyām are carried forward (BM).
• dvaidham / dvidhā, traidham / tridhā.
• Vārttika dhamuñantāt svārthe ḍadarśanam: dvaidha + ḍa gives a declined adjective (sattvavacana, not an avyaya; BM). pathi dvaidhāni tṛṇāni, "the grasses on the path are twofold".
• 1992 edhāc ca 5.3.46 — edhāc too replaces dhā after dvi and tri: dvedhā, tredhā.
• It is split from 1991 so that there is no yathāsaṅkhya (TB).
• The avyaya-forming range that began with tasil (SK 1953) ends here (BM).

D. Svārthikas of contempt, of a share, of being alone, of a former state — running example: ṣaṣṭho bhāgaḥ → ṣāṣṭhaḥ / ṣaṣṭhaḥ; ṣaṣṭhakaḥ (as a measure)

• 1993 yāpye pāśap 5.3.47 — pāśap, in its own sense, after a word for something contemptible: kutsito bhiṣak → bhiṣakpāśaḥ.
• This is contempt that touches the ground of the word's use (pravṛttinimitta): a poor physician as physician. Other contempt takes 2029's ka (BM).
• pāśap is not taught under 2029, because there it would reach tiṅantas too (TB).
• 1994 pūraṇād bhāge tīyād an 5.3.48 — an after an ordinal in tīya when the word means a part: dvitīyo bhāgaḥ → dvitīyaḥ, tṛtīyaḥ.
• The shape is unchanged; the difference is in the accent (BM, ñnityādi).
• Vārttika tīyād īkak svārthe: dvaitīyīkaḥ, tārtīyīkaḥ.
• Vārttika na vidyāyāḥ: dvitīyā, tṛtīyā [vidyā].
• TB: bhāga is meant in the masculine, so a feminine vibhakti ("share") gives caturthī, not *caturthā.
• 1995 prāg ekādaśabhyo 'cchandasi 5.3.49 — an after ordinals below eleven, in the sense of a part, outside the Veda.
• The kaumudī supplies the rest of the sense (śeṣapūraṇa, BM). Its domain is caturtha to daśama.
• caturthaḥ, pañcamaḥ (NSP; our source reads aṣṭamaḥ; open for Ajai).
• 1996 ṣaṣṭhāṣṭamābhyāṃ ña ca 5.3.50 — after ṣaṣṭha and aṣṭama, ña, and by "ca" an too. Both apply in the domain of the preceding rule (BM).
• ṣaṣṭha + ña → ṣāṣṭhaḥ (initial vṛddhi) / ṣaṣṭhaḥ (an); āṣṭamaḥ / aṣṭamaḥ.
• 1997 mānapaśvaṅgayoḥ kanlukau ca 5.3.51 — after the same two words, kan for a measure and luk for a part of an animal. By "ca", ña and an also come.
• ṣaṣṭhako bhāgaḥ (a measure).
• aṣṭamo bhāgaḥ (an animal's part: luk of ña or an). Beside these, ṣaṣṭhaḥ, ṣāṣṭhaḥ; aṣṭamaḥ, āṣṭamaḥ.
• Jñāpaka: mahāvibhāṣā would already allow no affix, so teaching luk shows that ña and an in 1996 are obligatory.
• 1998 ekād ākinic cāsahāye 5.3.52 — after eka meaning without a companion, the affix ākinic. kan and luk are drawn in by "ca".
• ekākī (ākinic), ekakaḥ (kan), ekaḥ (luk of ākinic or kan, TB).
• asahāya excludes the numeral, so ekākinau and ekākinaḥ are possible (TB).
• 1999 bhūtapūrve caraṭ 5.3.53 — caraṭ, in its own sense, after a stem meaning "formerly such": āḍhyo bhūtapūrvaḥ → āḍhyacaraḥ.
• 2000 ṣaṣṭhyā rūpya ca 5.3.54 — after a sixth-case word, rūpya and caraṭ. bhūtapūrve is carried forward and qualifies the relation (BM, TB).
• kṛṣṇasya bhūtapūrvā [gauḥ] → kṛṣṇarūpyaḥ, kṛṣṇacaraḥ.
• rūpya is not in the tasilādi list, so there is no puṃvadbhāva: śubhrārūpyaḥ.

E. Degrees of comparison: tamap/iṣṭhan, tarap/īyasun — running example: laghu → laghutamaḥ / laghiṣṭhaḥ; laghutaraḥ / laghīyān

• 2001 atiśāyane tamabiṣṭhanau 5.3.55 — tamap and iṣṭhan, in the base's own sense, after a subanta whose meaning is qualified by excellence. The affix only makes the excellence manifest (TB, BM).
• ayam eṣām atiśayena āḍhyaḥ → āḍhyatamaḥ; laghutamaḥ.
• laghu + iṣṭha → laghiṣṭhaḥ: the ṭi u is deleted by ṭeḥ, not gunated (BM).
• The rule covers one of many; one of two belongs to 2005 (BM, TB).
• 2002 tiṅaś ca 5.3.56 — after a tiṅanta only tamap comes, when excess is to be shown. iṣṭhan is shut out by 2006 (BM print, TB).
• pacati + tama(p) becomes pacatitamām with 2004.
• 2003 taraptamapau ghaḥ 1.1.22 — saṃjñā: tarap and tamap are called gha. It is placed here for 2004.
• Jñāpaka: a separate, heavier sūtra in another section points to a purely svārthika tarap, as in alpāctaram (BM, TB).
• 2004 kimettiṅavyayaghād āmv adravyaprakarṣe 5.4.11 — āmu after a gha that follows kim, an e-final word, a tiṅanta or an avyaya. It does not come when the excellence belongs to a substance (dravya).
• kiṃtamām; prāhṇe + tama + ām → prāhṇetamām; pacatitamām; uccaistamām.
• A substance's excellence: uccaistamas taruḥ.
• The u of āmu keeps it out of nuṭ, so there is no *pacatitarāṇām (BM, TB).
• 2005 dvivacanavibhajyopapade tarabīyasunau 5.3.57 — tarap and īyasun when the upapada expresses two, or names the group from which something is divided off (vibhajya). This is an apavāda of 2001–2002.
• ayam anayor atiśayena laghuḥ → laghutaraḥ, laghīyān.
• udīcyāḥ prācyebhyaḥ paṭutarāḥ, paṭīyāṃsaḥ: prācyebhyaḥ is fifth case by pañcamī vibhakte (SK 639).
• dvivacana here is "a word expressing two", not the dual ending (BM).
• 2006 ajādī guṇavacanād eva 5.3.58 — the vowel-initial pair, iṣṭhan and īyasun, comes only after a quality-word. So pācakataraḥ, pācakatamaḥ get no iṣṭhan.
• "eva" makes this a restriction on the affix (pratyayaniyama), so paṭutaraḥ still stands (BM, TB).

F. Stem changes before iṣṭha, iman, īyas — running example: praśasya → śreṣṭhaḥ, śreyān; jyeṣṭhaḥ, jyāyān

• 2007 tuś chandasi 5.3.59 — in the Veda, iṣṭhan and īyasun come after a word ending in tṛ (tṛn, tṛc), though it is no guṇavacana. This re-admits (pratiprasava) what 2006 shut out (BM, TB).
• 2008 tur iṣṭhemeyassu 6.4.154 — the whole tṛ is deleted before iṣṭha, iman and īyas. ṭeḥ would already delete the ṛ, so the rule must mean all of tṛ (TB).
• kartṛ + iṣṭha → kar + iṣṭha → kariṣṭhaḥ; dogdhṛ → dohīyasī [dhenuḥ].
• It reaches ordinary usage through ṇāv iṣṭhavat (TB).
• 2009 praśasyasya śraḥ 5.3.60 — śra replaces praśasya before iṣṭhan and īyasun ('ajādī' recast as a seventh case, BM and TB): praśasya + iṣṭha → śra + iṣṭha.
• Jñāpaka that praśasya takes the pair though it is not a guṇavacana (BM).
• 2010 prakṛtyaikāc 6.4.163 — a one-vowel base before iṣṭha etc. stays as it is, so its ṭi is not deleted. śra + iṣṭha → śreṣṭhaḥ, śra + īyas → śreyān.
• 2011 jya ca 5.3.61 — jya also replaces praśasya: jya + iṣṭha → jyeṣṭhaḥ. The ṭi is kept by 2010.
• 2012 jyād ād īyasaḥ 6.4.160 — after jya, ā replaces the initial of īyas, by ādeḥ parasya (SK 44): jya + āyas → jyāyān, not *jyeyān.
• 2013 vṛddhasya ca 5.3.62 — jya also replaces vṛddha, the word itself (TB), before the vowel-initial pair (śeṣapūraṇa, BM): jyeṣṭhaḥ, jyāyān, "eldest, elder".
• vṛddha also takes varṣi by 2016 (TB).
• 2014 antikabāḍhayor nedasādhau 5.3.63 — neda replaces antika and sādha replaces bāḍha, before the vowel-initial pair (śeṣapūraṇa, BM).
• nediṣṭhaḥ, nedīyān; sādhiṣṭhaḥ, sādhīyān.
• 2015 sthūladūrayuvahrasvakṣiprakṣudrāṇāṃ yaṇādiparaṃ pūrvasya ca guṇaḥ 6.4.156 — of these six words, the later yaṇ-initial part is deleted and the preceding vowel takes guṇa, before iṣṭha, iman and īyas.
• sthūla → sth(o) → sthaviṣṭhaḥ; likewise daviṣṭhaḥ, yaviṣṭhaḥ, hrasiṣṭhaḥ, kṣepiṣṭhaḥ, kṣodiṣṭhaḥ. īyas works the same way.
• hrasva, kṣipra and kṣudra are pṛthvādi (SK 1784), so they also take iman: hrasimā, kṣepimā, kṣodimā.
• 2016 priyasthirasphirorubahulaguruvṛddhatṛpradīrghavṛndārakāṇāṃ prasthasphavarbaṃhigarvarṣitrabdrāghivṛndāḥ 6.4.157 — ten substitutes, respectively.
• priya → pra → preṣṭhaḥ, preyān, premā.
• stheṣṭhaḥ, spheṣṭhaḥ, variṣṭhaḥ, baṃhiṣṭhaḥ, gariṣṭhaḥ, varṣiṣṭhaḥ, trapiṣṭhaḥ, drāghiṣṭhaḥ, vṛndiṣṭhaḥ.
• 2017 bahor lopo bhū ca bahoḥ 6.4.158 — after bahu, the initial i of iman and īyas is deleted, and bhū replaces bahu: bhūmā, bhūyān.
• 2018 iṣṭhasya yiṭ ca 6.4.159 — for iṣṭha after bahu, the initial i is deleted, the augment yiṭ is added, and bhū replaces bahu (all of 2017 continues, TB): bhū + y + iṣṭha → bhūyiṣṭhaḥ.
• Bhāṣya alternative: y comes instead of the deletion (TB).
• 2019 yuvālpayoḥ kan anyatarasyām 5.3.64 — kan optionally replaces yuvan ("young") and alpa: kaniṣṭhaḥ, kanīyān. Otherwise yaviṣṭhaḥ (by 2015) and alpiṣṭhaḥ.
• 2020 vinmator luk 5.3.65 — luk of vin and matup before iṣṭhan and īyasun.
• sragvin → sraj + iṣṭha → srajiṣṭhaḥ, srajīyān; tvagvat → tvaciṣṭhaḥ, tvacīyān.
• The base is bha, so kutva does not apply (TB, BM).
• Jñāpaka that such words take the pair.

G. Excellence, near-completeness, sort: rūpap, kalpap / deśya / deśīyar, bahuc, jātīyar — running example: paṭu → paṭurūpaḥ, paṭukalpaḥ, bahupaṭuḥ, paṭujātīyaḥ

• 2021 praśaṃsāyāṃ rūpap 5.3.66 — rūpap after a subanta or tiṅanta whose own meaning is excellent. tiṅaḥ and prātipadikāt continue (BM).
• TB: praśaṃsā is the completeness of the base's meaning, as in caurarūpaḥ, "a thorough thief".
• paṭurūpaḥ; pacatirūpam, "he cooks excellently". The neuter singular comes from usage.
• 2022 īṣadasamāptau kalpabdeśyadeśīyaraḥ 5.3.67 — kalpap, deśya, deśīyar for slightly short of complete.
• vidvatkalpaḥ, vidvaddeśyaḥ, vidvaddeśīyaḥ; yaśaskalpam; yajuḥkalpam (NSP; BM reads yajuṣkalpam; open); pacatikalpam.
• Svārthikas keep the base's gender. For guḍakalpā drākṣā, BM invokes an occasional overstepping; TB reads the "tu" of 2023 as a jñāpaka.
• 2023 vibhāṣā supo bahuc purastāt tu 5.3.68 — in the same sense, bahuc optionally, standing before the subanta.
• subantāt is construed with prāk (TB). "tu" is restrictive: only before, never after (BM).
• paṭu → bahupaṭuḥ; in the other option paṭukalpaḥ.
• "Why say 'supaḥ'?" yajatikalpam: no bahuc with a tiṅanta. supaḥ stops the anuvṛtti of tiṅaś ca (BM).
• 2024 prakāravacane jātīyar 5.3.69 — jātīyar when a mode is expressed. It applies only to what has the mode; thāl (SK 1971) is for the mode alone.
• paṭuprakāraḥ → paṭujātīyaḥ.
• BM's "vastutas tu" dissents from this contrast, and TB supports it.

H. The ka heading and akac: unknown, despised, named — running example: aśva → aśvakaḥ; uccaiḥ → uccakaiḥ; sarve → sarvake

• 2025 prāg ivāt kaḥ 5.3.70 — heading: ka, up to (not including) ive pratikṛtau (SK 2051). It comes after a subanta (supaḥ continues, TB), so ka never follows a tiṅanta.
• 2026 avyayasarvanāmnām akac prāk ṭeḥ 5.3.71 — akac is inserted before the ṭi of an avyaya, a pronoun or a tiṅanta. tiṅaś ca comes by frog's leap (BM, TB). This rule is also a heading up to iva (BM).
• uccaiḥ → ucc-ak-aiḥ; sarve → sarv-ak-e; pacati → pacat-ak-i.
• 2027 kasya ca daḥ 5.3.72 — in a k-final avyaya, the final k becomes d, always together with akac (drawn in by "ca"; saṃniyogaśiṣṭa, BM).
• dhik → dh-ak-id → dhakit; hiruk → hirakut.
• Only avyaya continues. BM: the svarita is on a part (ekadeśa) of the compound. TB: a pronoun or a tiṅanta cannot end in k anyway.
• 2028 ajñāte 5.3.73 — the first sense: unknown. kasyāyam aśvaḥ → aśvakaḥ; uccakaiḥ, nīcakaiḥ; sarvake, viśvake.
• Vārttika: before a sup beginning with o, s or bh, akac goes before the ṭi of the pronoun stem: yuvakayoḥ, āvakayoḥ, yuṣmakāsu, asmakāsu, yuṣmakābhiḥ, asmakābhiḥ.
• Its continuation, "elsewhere before the ṭi of the subanta", gives tvayakā, mayakā. It is not in NSP.
• The restriction concerns yuṣmad and asmad only. Other pronouns take akac in the stem, e.g. sarvakeṇa (BM, TB).
• Vārttika akacprakaraṇe tūṣṇīmaḥ kām: tūṣṇīkām āste. kām is m-marked, so it goes after the last vowel (mid aco 'ntyāt paraḥ, SK 37).
• Vārttika śīle ko malopaś ca: tūṣṇīkaḥ, "silent by nature".
• tiṅantas: pacataki, jalpataki. k-final avyayas: dhakit, hirakut.
• 2029 kutsite 5.3.74 — despised: aśvakaḥ, a horse poor at running (BM). Pronouns, avyayas and tiṅantas take akac as before.
• The contempt need not touch the pravṛttinimitta; contrast pāśap, 1993 (BM).
• 2030 saṃjñāyāṃ kan 5.3.75 — kan, in the "despised" sense (carried forward, BM), when the derivative is a name born of contempt: śūdrakaḥ, rādhakaḥ.
• It is stated only for the accent.

I. Compassion and policy, and cutting the name down — running example: devadatta (anukampitaḥ) → devikaḥ, deviyaḥ, devilaḥ, devadattakaḥ

• 2031 anukampāyām 5.3.76 — ka, in its own sense, after a word for something pitied: putrakaḥ.
• 2032 nītau ca tadyuktāt 5.3.77 — ka when policy (sāman, dāna …) is in play, after a word for what is connected with the pitied one, even indirectly. akac and kasya ca daḥ also continue (BM).
• hanta te dhānakāḥ, "Ah, [my son], grains [will be given] to you". hanta shows compassion.
• guḍakāḥ; ehaki, addhaki (akac in the tiṅantas ehi, addhi).
• 2033 bahvaco manuṣyanāmnaṣ ṭhaj vā 5.3.78 — in the domain of 2031–2032 (supplied, BM), ṭhac, optionally, after a personal name of many vowels. In the other option, ka.
• devadatta + ṭhac (which becomes devikaḥ by 2035); otherwise devadattakaḥ.
• 2034 ghanilacau ca 5.3.79 — in the same domain, ghan and ilac too. These give deviyaḥ, devilaḥ by 2035.
• TB/Haradatta find the "ca" doubtful (cintya).
• 2035 ṭhājādāv ūrdhvaṃ dvitīyād acaḥ 5.3.83 — given before 5.3.80. Before ṭha, or a vowel-initial affix of this section, everything after the second vowel is deleted.
• ūrdhvam means "all of it". lopa comes from 5.3.82 (BM, TB).
• deva|datta + ṭhac → dev + ika → devikaḥ; deviyaḥ; devilaḥ.
• Before ka nothing is deleted: devadattakaḥ, vāyudattakaḥ.
• ṭha is named so that, when the second vowel is an uk vowel, ṭha → k first: vāyukaḥ, pitṛkaḥ.
• The ślokavārttika, taken piece by piece (BM):
• deletion after the fourth vowel: bṛhaspatikaḥ;
• before a consonant-initial affix, optional deletion: devadattakaḥ / devakaḥ;
• deletion of the prior member: dattikaḥ, dattiyaḥ, dattilaḥ, dattakaḥ;
• without any affix: devadatta → dattaḥ, devaḥ; satyabhāmā → bhāmā, satyā;
• after a u-vowel, la (the earlier teachers' word for lopa) of ila's i: [bhānudattaḥ →] bhānulaḥ;
• after ṛ too: savitriyaḥ, savitṛlaḥ. BM rejects this last one as not in the Bhāṣya.
• 2036 prācām upāder aḍajvucau ca 5.3.80 — for such a name beginning with upa, aḍac and vuc too, in 2033's domain (BM); by "ca", the affixes already available. "prācām" is for honour.
• From upendradatta, six forms: upaḍaḥ (aḍac), upakaḥ (vuc), upikaḥ (ṭhac), upiyaḥ (ghan), upilaḥ (ilac), upendradattakaḥ (ka).
• 2037 jātināmnaḥ kan 5.3.81 — kan after a class-word used as a man's name, as an apavāda of the affixes of 2031–2032 (BM): siṃhakaḥ, śarabhakaḥ, rāsabhakaḥ.
• Vārttika: if the second vowel is a diphthong, delete from that vowel on: kahoḍa → kahikaḥ.
• Vārttika: with a one-vowel prior member, delete the posterior member: vāgāśīrdatta → vācikaḥ.
• Vārttika: for ṣaṣ, 2035 itself applies: ṣaḍaṅgulidatta → ṣaḍikaḥ.
• 2038 śevalasupariviśālavaruṇāryamādīnāṃ tṛtīyāt 5.3.84 — for names beginning with śevala etc., the deletion comes after the third vowel. This is an apavāda of 2035.
• ṭhājādau and ūrdhvam come from 2035, and lopa from 5.3.82 through 5.3.83 (TB).
• śevaladatta → śevalikaḥ, śevaliyaḥ, śevalilaḥ; suparikaḥ, viśālikaḥ, varuṇikaḥ, aryamikaḥ.
• 2039 ajināntasyottarapadalopaś ca 5.3.82 — given here, after 5.3.84. For a man's name ending in ajina, kan in the sense of compassion, and the final member is deleted.
• vyāghrājina → vyāghrakaḥ; siṃhājina → siṃhakaḥ (BM).

J. Small, short, diminished — running example: vṛkṣa → vṛkṣakaḥ; vatsa → vatsataraḥ

• 2040 alpe 5.3.85 — the affixes as prescribed (ka, akac …) when the sense is small: tailakam. BM adds sarvakam, uccakaiḥ, pacataki.
• 2041 hrasve 5.3.86 — the same affixes for short: vṛkṣakaḥ. "Short" is the opposite of long, "small" the opposite of large (BM). The verbal cognition differs from alpe's (TB).
• 2042 saṃjñāyāṃ kan 5.3.87 — kan when a name arises from shortness. It is an apavāda of 2041's affixes: vaṃśakaḥ, veṇukaḥ.
• 2043 kuṭīśamīśuṇḍābhyo raḥ 5.3.88 — ra after kuṭī, śamī and śuṇḍā. hrasve continues (BM).
• hrasvā kuṭī → kuṭīraḥ. It is masculine, since a svārthika may overstep the base's gender.
• Likewise śamīraḥ, śuṇḍāraḥ.
• 2044 kutvā ḍupac 5.3.89 — ḍupac after kutū, "a leather oil-flask".
• kutū + upa → kutupaḥ: the ṭi ū is deleted because the affix is ḍ-marked (BM). It is masculine (Amara).
• 2045 kāsūgoṇībhyāṃ ṣṭarac 5.3.90 — ṣṭarac after kāsū ("a kind of weapon") and goṇī.
• kāsūtarī, goṇītarī: ṅīṣ comes because the affix is ṣ-marked (BM).
• 2046 vatsokṣāśvarṣabhebhyaś ca tanutve 5.3.91 — ṣṭarac after vatsa, ukṣan, aśva and ṛṣabha, for diminution of the ground of the word's use. hrasve ceases here (BM).
• vatsataraḥ: a calf past its first age.
• ukṣataraḥ: a bull past its youth.
• aśvataraḥ: a mule.
• ṛṣabhataraḥ: a bull weak at bearing loads.

K. Which of two, which of many; and the kan of disparagement — running example: kim → kataraḥ (of two), katamaḥ (of many)

• 2047 kiṃyattado nirdhāraṇe dvayor ekasya ḍatarac 5.3.92 — ḍatarac after kim, yad or tad denoting the one singled out from two. It does not come in kayor anyataraḥ.
• anayoḥ kataro vaiṣṇavaḥ: kim + atara, with the ṭi deleted, gives kataraḥ; likewise yataraḥ, tataraḥ.
• By mahāvibhāṣā the plain words also stand: kaḥ, yaḥ, saḥ.
• 2048 vā bahūnāṃ jātiparipraśne ḍatamac 5.3.93 — ḍatamac, optionally, for one of many. jāti qualifies kim, yad and tad; paripraśna qualifies kim alone.
• The source-work (ākara) rejects "jātiparipraśne" (the vārttika with Kaiyaṭa, BM).
• katamo bhavatāṃ kaṭhaḥ; yatamaḥ, tatamaḥ.
• "vā" is there for akac: yakaḥ, sakaḥ. By mahāvibhāṣā, yaḥ, saḥ.
• Vārttika: ḍatarac also comes after kim here: kataraḥ.
• 2049 ekāc ca prācām 5.3.94 — after eka, ḍatarac and ḍatamac (supplied, BM). "prācām" is for honour, and the option simply continues (TB).
• anayor ekataro maitraḥ; eṣām ekatamaḥ.
• 2050 avakṣepaṇe kan 5.3.95 — kan after a word for the means by which another is disparaged. avakṣepaṇa is lyuṭ in the instrument sense (BM, TB).
• vyākaraṇakena garvitaḥ → vyākaraṇakaḥ. Grammar is not contemptible in itself; studied and turned to pride, it brings contempt on the student.
• Where the thing is contemptible in itself, the affix is 2029's ka.
• Close: "prāgivīyānāṃ pūrṇo 'vadhiḥ" (NSP, BM, TB). p42 opens with ive pratikṛtau (5.3.96, SK 2051).