समासाश्रयविधिप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 985–1071 (87 sūtras): all present. Aṣṭādhyāyī 6.3.43–139 (selected: the uttarapada-conditioned changes to the pūrvapada, from gharūpakalpa… to samprasāraṇasya) with the samprasāraṇa pair 6.1.13–14, the ṣatva rules 8.3.80–100, the ṇatva rules 8.4.4–13 and 8.4.38, and the suṭ-nipātanas 6.1.143–157 spliced in where the SK reads them. Every AS-ref checked against sutraani-data.json. No number unplaced.

samāsāśrayavidhiprakaraṇam — outline (p25, SK 985–1071, all 87 sūtras)

The operations that depend on a compound (samāsa-āśraya): once rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ has become a compound, the members themselves change shape because of each other. The chapter runs through what happens to the pūrvapada before a named uttarapada or affix — its final shortened (feminine ṅī / nadī / āp, ik: A, C), the whole stem replaced (hṛd, pad/pat, uda: B; sa for saha/samāna, īś/kī: F; kat/kā/kava for ku: H), a samprasāraṇa of ṣyaṅ (D), an augment (mum: E; duk: H), a lengthened final under the saṃhitā heading (J) — and then what happens to the uttarapada's sounds: ṣatva of its s (G) and ṇatva of its n (K). Two groups gather forms the grammar only certifies: the pṛṣodarādi "as the learned say it" (I) and the suṭ-nipātanas kustumburu … pāraskara (L). Under SK-TRANSLATE §25 only the kaumudī blocks are translated; Bālamanoramā (BM) and Tattvabodhinī (TB) supply the construals cited. Ordering: SK order except that (i) 1006 iṣṭakeṣīkāmālānāṃ citatūlabhāriṣu is moved up from after 1005 to join the other shortening rules in C, leaving the ṣyaṅ-samprasāraṇa trio 1003–1005 as D; (ii) 1039 vanaṃ puragā… (8.4.4) is moved down from between 1038 and 1040 to open the ṇatva group K, its lengthened koṭarādi forms being cross-referenced at 1038 in J.

A. The feminine ṅī / nadī of the pūrvapada shortened before gha, rūpa, kalpa and the contempt-words — running example: brāhmaṇī + tara → brāhmaṇitarā

• 985 gharūpakalpacelaḍbruvagotramatahateṣu ṅyo'nekāco hrasvaḥ 6.3.43 — a pūrvapada ending in the ṅī (ṅīp, ṅīṣ or ṅīn) of a bhāṣitapuṃska stem ('bhāṣitapuṃskāt' carried from 6.3.34, SK 831), having more than one vowel, is shortened before the affixes gha (tarap, tamap), rūpap, kalpap and the uttarapadas celaṭ, bruva, gotra, mata, hata. On the running form: brāhmaṇī is the ṅī-final anekāc stem; the affix tarap (atiśāyana) follows; ī → i: brāhmaṇitarā; likewise brāhmaṇitamā, brāhmaṇirūpā (rūpap, praśaṃsā), brāhmaṇikalpā (kalpap, īṣad-asamāpti), brāhmaṇicelī, brāhmaṇibruvā, brāhmaṇigotrā (source brahmaṇi- in these two). The ṅī is not stripped by puṃvadbhāva before tarap because of jāteś ca (6.3.41, SK 842). bruva = brūñ + ac with no vac and no guṇa, by nipātana; celaṭ etc. express contempt, so the compound is the karmadhāraya of kutsitāni kutsanaiḥ (SK 732). BM: 'uttarapade' construes only with celaṭ etc.; gha/rūpa/kalpa are affixes and get no tadanta treatment (see 988). Why ṅyaḥ? dattātarā (āp-final). Why bhāṣitapuṃska? āmalakītarā, kuvalītarā (always-feminine tree-names).
• 986 nadyāḥ śeṣasyānyatarasyām 6.3.44 — the "remainder" — a nadī-final that is not ṅī, or a ṅī-final of one vowel — shortens optionally before the same gha etc.; 'bhāṣitapuṃskāt' is not carried (BM, TB). brahmabandhū (ūṅ by 4.1.66) + tara → brahmabandhutarā / brahmabandhūtarā; strī (ekāc ṅī) → stritarā / strītarā. Vārttika kṛnnadyā na: a kṛt-final nadī does not shorten: lakṣmītarā (uṇādi ī with muṭ).
• 987 ugitaś ca 6.3.45 — a nadī standing after an ugit stem shortens optionally: viduṣī (vasu-final, so ugit; ṅīp by 4.1.6, SK 455) + tara → viduṣitarā; in the other alternative puṃvadbhāva by tasilādiṣu… (SK 836) → vidvattarā (source viddhattarā). The Vṛtti's viduṣītarā is baseless (nirmūla) — puṃvadbhāva is unavoidable (BM).

B. The pūrvapada replaced by a short stem — hṛd for hṛdaya, pad / pat for pāda, uda for udaka — running example: hṛdayaṃ likhati → hṛllekhaḥ (also pādābhyām ajati → padājiḥ, udaka + megha → udameghaḥ)

• 988 hṛdayasya hṛllekhayadaṇlāseṣu 6.3.50 — hṛd replaces hṛdaya before lekha, yat, aṇ, lāsa. On the running form: hṛdaya + lekha (aṇ by karmaṇy aṇ 3.2.1) → hṛd + lekha, d → l before l: hṛllekhaḥ; + yat (hṛdayasya priyaḥ 4.4.95) → hṛdyam; + aṇ (tasyedam) → hārdam (vṛddhi); hṛllāsaḥ. 'lekha' means the aṇ-final only; with ghañ, hṛdayalekhaḥ (BM: by association with aṇ for the prāñcaḥ, by vyākhyāna in truth; TB sides with the association reading). The very mention of lekha is the jñāpaka of uttarapadādhikāre tadantavidhir nāsti — whose fruit is that gha/rūpa/kalpa in 985 are bare affixes.
• 989 vā śokaṣyañrogeṣu 6.3.51 — hṛd optionally before śoka, ṣyañ, roga: hṛcchokaḥ / hṛdaśokaḥ (so the source; hṛdayaśokaḥ expected); suhṛd + ṣyañ → sauhārdyam (vṛddhi of both padas, 7.3.19) / sauhṛdayyam; hṛdrogaḥ / hṛdayarogaḥ. Since hṛd is also an independent synonym of hṛdaya, the rule is prapañca.
• 990 pādasya padājyātigopahateṣu 6.3.52 — pada (a-final) replaces pāda before āji, āti, ga, upahata. On the running form: pāda + aj + iṇ (ajyatibhyāṃ pāde ca, Uṇādi 570–571; the source xref reads SK570) → pada + āji, vī for aj withheld by nipātana → padājiḥ; padātiḥ, padagaḥ (ḍa after gam), padopahataḥ. a-final because the consonant-final pad (991) would give *padga, *padupahata (BM).
• 991 pad yaty atadarthe 6.3.53 — pad before yat not in the tādarthya sense: pāda + yat ("piercing", 4.4.83) → padyāḥ śarkarāḥ; tādarthya yat (pādārghābhyāṃ ca, SK 2093, 5.4.25; the source xref reads SK1093) keeps pāda: pādyam. Vārttika ike caratāv upasaṃkhyānam: before the ika (for ṣṭhan) meaning "goes": padikaḥ (parpādi).
• 992 himakāṣihatiṣu ca 6.3.54 — pat before hima, kāṣin, hati: pat + hima → paddhimam; patkāṣī (ṇini, 3.2.78); paddhatiḥ.
• 993 ṛcaḥ śe 6.3.55 — pad for pāda meaning the foot of a ṛc before śas: gāyatrīṃ pacchaḥ śaṃsati (pad + śas → pacchaḥ, "foot by foot"); not a ṛc's foot: pādaśaḥ kārṣāpaṇaṃ dadāti.
• 994 vā ghoṣamiśraśabdeṣu 6.3.56 — pat optionally before ghoṣa, miśra, śabda: padghoṣaḥ / pādaghoṣaḥ, panmiśraḥ / pādamiśraḥ, pacchabdaḥ / pādaśabdaḥ. Vārttika niṣke ca: panniṣkaḥ / pādaniṣkaḥ.
• 995 udakasyodaḥ saṃjñāyām 6.3.57 — uda replaces udaka before an uttarapada in a name: udaka + megha → udameghaḥ (a person's name). Vārttika uttarapadasya ca: also udaka as the uttarapada: kṣīrodaḥ (the Milk-ocean; kṣīrodaṃ saraḥ is asādhu — BM).
• 996 peṣaṃvāsavāhanadhiṣu ca 6.3.58 — uda also outside names before peṣam (ṇamul), vāsa, vāhana, dhi: udapeṣaṃ pinaṣṭi, udavāsaḥ, udavāhanaḥ, udadhir ghaṭaḥ; udadhi = the ocean, being a name, is by 995.
• 997 ekahalādau pūrayitavye'nyatarasyām 6.3.59 — uda optionally before an uttarapada beginning with a single (non-conjunct — BM) consonant and denoting a thing to be filled: udakumbhaḥ / udakakumbhaḥ. Why eka? udakasthālī (sth-). Why pūrayitavye? udakaparvataḥ.
• 998 manthaudanasaktubinduvajrabhārahāravīvadhagāheṣu ca 6.3.60 — uda optionally ('anyatarasyām' carried) before mantha, odana, saktu, bindu, vajra, bhāra, hāra, vīvadha, gāha (the not-to-be-filled case): udamanthaḥ / udakamanthaḥ, udaudanaḥ / udakaudanaḥ; BM continues udasaktavaḥ … udagāhaḥ.

C. The pūrvapada's final ik / ṅī / āp shortened — running example: grāmaṇī + putra → grāmaṇiputraḥ / grāmaṇīputraḥ

• 999 iko hrasvo'ṅyo gālavasya 6.3.61 — before an uttarapada, an ik-final pūrvapada not ending in ṅī optionally shortens ('anyatarasyām' carried; Gālava named for honour). On the running form: the ī of grāmaṇī belongs to the root nī, not ṅīp (BM), so it qualifies; putra follows: grāmaṇiputraḥ / grāmaṇīputraḥ. Why ikaḥ? ramāpatiḥ. Why aṅyaḥ? gaurīpatiḥ. Vārttika iyaṅuvaṅbhāvinām avyayānāṃ ca na: śrīmadaḥ, bhrūbhaṅgaḥ, śuklībhāvaḥ (cvi-form = avyaya). Vārttika abhrukuṃsādīnām: the bar lifted for bhrūkuṃsa etc.: bhrukuṃsaḥ / bhrūkuṃsaḥ, bhrukuṭiḥ / bhrūkuṭiḥ; or, reading 'a' as the substitute for bhrū's final: bhrakuṃsaḥ, bhrakuṭiḥ.
• 1000 eka taddhite ca 6.3.62 — the feminine ekā shortens before a taddhita and before an uttarapada: ekasyā āgatam → ekā + rūpya (4.3.81) → ekarūpyam; ekakṣīram.
• 1001 ṅyāpoḥ saṃjñāchandasorbahulam 6.3.63 — a ṅī/āp-final pūrvapada shortens variously in names and in the Veda: revatī + putra → revatiputraḥ (name); ajā + kṣīra → ajakṣīram (Taittirīya).
• 1002 tve ca 6.3.64 — ṅī/āp optionally short before the affix tva (an affix, not an uttarapada, hence a separate rule): ajatvam / ajātvam, rohiṇitvam / rohiṇītvam (per the Vṛtti, only in chandas).
• 1006 iṣṭakeṣīkāmālānāṃ citatūlabhāriṣu 6.3.65 (moved up from after 1005) — iṣṭakā, iṣīkā, mālā, and what ends in them (tadantavidhi — BM), shorten before cita, tūla, bhārin respectively: iṣṭakā + cita → iṣṭakacitam, pakveṣṭakacitam; iṣīkatūlam, muñjeṣīkatūlam; mālabhāri (BM/TB pratīka mālabhārī), utpalamālabhāri.

D. ṣyaṅ takes samprasāraṇa before putra / pati / bandhu, and the new vowel is lengthened — running example: kaumudagandhyāyāḥ putraḥ → kaumudagandhīputraḥ

• 1003 ṣyaṅaḥ samprasāraṇaṃ putrapatyostatpuruṣe 6.1.13 — a ṣyaṅ-final pūrvapada takes samprasāraṇa before putra or pati in a tatpuruṣa. On the running form: kaumudagandhyā (aṇ → ṣyaṅ, + cāp) — the y of ṣyaṅ → i: kaumudagandhi + putra.
• 1004 samprasāraṇasya 6.3.139 — the samprasāraṇa vowel is lengthened before an uttarapada ('dīrgha' from ḍhralope… 6.3.111, SK 174 — TB): kaumudagandhi → ī: kaumudagandhīputraḥ, kaumudagandhīpatiḥ; the short vowel of 999 is withheld by vyavasthita-vibhāṣā. The tadādi-niyama (an affix-mention takes in the form ending in the affix and beginning with its base — kārīṣagandhyā only) is lifted for a non-upasarjana feminine affix by strīpratyaye cānupasarjane na: paramakārīṣagandhīputraḥ; as an upasarjana, no samprasāraṇa: atikārīṣagandhyāputraḥ (BM/TB read -gandhyaputraḥ).
• 1005 bandhuni bahuvrīhau 6.1.14 — the same before bandhu in a bahuvrīhi: kārīṣagandhyā bandhur asya → kārīṣagandhībandhu; the tatpuruṣa kārīṣagandhyābandhuḥ keeps y. Vārttika mātajmātṛkamātṛṣu vā (bahuvrīhi only): kārīṣagandhīmātaḥ / kārīṣagandhyāmātaḥ, -mātṛkaḥ, -mātā — the mātac substitute and the optional kap (against nadyṛtaś ca, SK 833) by this very nipātana; tatpuruṣa: kārīṣagandhyāmātā.

E. The augment mum after the pūrvapada — running example: satyasya kāraḥ → satyaṅkāraḥ

• 1007 kāre satyāgadasya 6.3.70 — mum ('mum' from arur dviṣad ajantasya mum 6.3.67, SK 2942; mit, so after the last vowel) after satya, agada before kāra. On the running form: satya + m + kāra, m → anusvāra → ṅ: satyaṅkāraḥ (an oath); agadaṅkāraḥ (TB: a physician). Vārttikas extend mum: astoś ca astuṅkāraḥ; dhenor bhavyāyām dhenumbhavyā; lokasya pṛṇe lokampṛṇaḥ (ka, mūlavibhujādi); itye'nabhyāśasya anabhyāśamityaḥ ("to be avoided from afar"); bhrāṣṭrāgnyor indhe bhrāṣṭramindhaḥ, agnimindhaḥ; gile'gilasya timiṅgilaḥ (not after gila: gilagilaḥ); gilagile ca timiṅgilagilaḥ; uṣṇabhadrayoḥ karaṇe uṣṇaṅkaraṇam, bhadraṅkaraṇam.
• 1008 rātreḥ kṛti vibhāṣā 6.3.72 — mum optionally after rātri before a kṛt-final uttarapada (a tadanta reading, since a kṛt cannot follow rātri directly — BM, TB): rātriñcaraḥ / rātricaraḥ, rātrimaṭaḥ / rātryaṭaḥ. For a khit affix mum is obligatory by arur dviṣad… (SK 2942): rātrimmanyaḥ.

F. sa for saha and samāna; īś / kī for idam / kim — running example: saha + palāśa → sapalāśam (also samāno brahmacārī → sabrahmacārī, idam + dṛśa → īdṛśaḥ)

• 1009 sahasya saḥ saṃjñāyām 6.3.78 — sa for saha before an uttarapada, in a name (apavāda of vopasarjanasya 6.3.82, SK 849). On the running form: saha + palāśa (bahuvrīhi by tena saheti tulyayoge, SK 848) → sapalāśam (a forest's name); not a name: sahayudhvā.
• 1010 granthāntādhike ca 6.3.79 — sa for saha also in the senses "to the end of a text" and "more by" (BM's reading 'arthayoḥ'; source 'parayoḥ'): samuhūrtaṃ jyotiṣam adhīte (needed because avyayībhāve cākāle, SK 660, bars the time-word muhūrta); sadroṇā khārī.
• 1011 dvitīye cānupākhye 6.3.80 — also when the uttarapada names a companion only inferred: sarākṣasīkā niśā (kap by nadyṛtaś ca, SK 833).
• 1012 samānasya chandasyamūrdhaprabhṛtyudarkeṣu 6.3.84 — in the Veda, sa for samāna except before mūrdhan, prabhṛti, udarka: samāna + garbha + yat (sagarbhasayūthasanutād yat, SK 3460; A 4.4.114) → sagarbhyaḥ; sayūthyaḥ, sanutyaḥ. Why amūrdha…? samānamūrdhā, samānaprabhṛtayaḥ, samānodarkāḥ. By yoga-vibhāga at 'samānasya' (Kāśikā) sa also in ordinary usage: sapakṣaḥ, sādharmyam, sajātīyam; or else saha = "similar" in a bahuvrīhi with asvapada-vigraha (sa by vopasarjanasya).
• 1013 jyotirjanapadarātrinābhināmagotrarūpasthānavarṇavayovacanabandhuṣu 6.3.85 — sa for samāna before these twelve uttarapadas: sajyotiḥ, sajanapadaḥ, etc.
• 1014 caraṇe brahmacāriṇi 6.3.86 — sa for samāna before brahmacārin, the sameness being of caraṇa (Vedic śākhā); 'samānasya' from 1012, 'saḥ' from 6.3.78 (SK 1009): samāno brahmacārī → sabrahmacārī.
• 1015 tīrthe ye 6.3.87 — before tīrtha when a y-initial affix is intended (vivakṣite — the ya comes only after the compound): samānatīrtha + ya (samānatīrthe vāsī, SK 1658) → satīrthyaḥ ("having the same guru").
• 1016 vibhāṣodare 6.3.88 — optionally before udara, same condition: sodaryaḥ / samānodaryaḥ.
• 1017 dṛgdṛśavatuṣu 6.3.89 — before dṛk, dṛśa, vatu: samāna + dṛś (kvin / kañ, vārttika samānānyayoś ca on 3.2.60) → sadṛk, sadṛśaḥ; vārttika dṛkṣe ca: sadṛkṣaḥ. vatu serves the next rule.
• 1018 idaṅkimorīśkī 6.3.90 — before the same (and dṛkṣa), īś for idam, kī for kim: īdṛk, īdṛśaḥ, kīdṛk, kīdṛśaḥ, īdṛkṣaḥ, kīdṛkṣaḥ (the vatu form, iyān, in the taddhitas). Bhaṭṭoji adds ā sarvanāmnaḥ (SK 430) with dṛkṣe ca: tādṛk, tādṛśaḥ (source tadṛśaḥ), tāvān, tādṛkṣaḥ; for adas, savarṇa-dīrgha then m and u: amūdṛk, amūdṛśaḥ, amūdṛkṣaḥ (TB extends the remark to the preceding examples; BM reads it narrowly).

G. ṣatva of the uttarapada's s — running example: aṅguli + saṅga → aṅguliṣaṅgaḥ

• 1019 samāse'ṅguleḥ saṅgaḥ 8.3.80 — the s of saṅga after aṅguli → ṣ, in a compound (for 8.3.80, 81, 83 'iṇkoḥ' is not carried — BM). On the running form: aṅguli + saṅga → aṅguliṣaṅgaḥ; uncompounded: aṅguleḥ saṅgaḥ.
• 1020 bhīroḥ sthānam 8.3.81 — s of sthāna after bhīru: bhīruṣṭhānam; bhīroḥ sthānam.
• 1021 jyotirāyuṣaḥ stomaḥ 8.3.83 — s of stoma after jyotis, āyus: jyotiṣṭomaḥ (source jyātiṣṭomaḥ), āyuṣṭomaḥ; jyotiṣaḥ stomaḥ.
• 1022 suṣāmādiṣu ca 8.3.98 — ṣ in the suṣāman list: śobhanaṃ sāma yasya → suṣāmā; suṣandhiḥ.
• 1023 eti saṃjñāyāmagāt 8.3.99 — (a gaṇa-sūtra inside the suṣāmādi list — TB) s → ṣ before e, in a name, not after g: hariṣeṇaḥ. Counters: harisaktham (no e), pṛthusenaḥ (not a name), viṣvaksenaḥ (after g, cartva being asiddha), sarvasenaḥ (no iṇ / ku).
• 1024 nakṣatrādvā 8.3.100 — after a nakṣatra-name, optionally, same conditions: rohiṇīṣeṇaḥ / rohiṇīsenaḥ; after g: śatabhiṣaksenaḥ. "This is an ākṛtigaṇa" = the suṣāmādi gaṇa (1022), 8.3.99–100 both being gaṇa-sūtras within it (TB).

H. The augment duk for anya; kat / kā / kava for ku — running example: anya + āśīs → anyadāśīḥ (also kutsito 'śvaḥ → kadaśvaḥ)

• 1025 aṣaṣṭhyatṛtīyāsthasyānyasya dugāśīrāśā''sthā''sthitotsukotikārakarāgaccheṣu 6.3.99 — anya, not in a ṣaṣṭhī or tṛtīyā relation, takes duk (kit, so at its end) before āśīs, āśā, āsthā, āsthita, utsuka, ūti, kāraka, rāga, cha. On the running form: anya + d + āśīḥ → anyadāśīḥ (karmadhāraya); anyadāśā, anyadāsthā, anyadāsthitaḥ, anyadutsukaḥ (source -utsakaḥ), anyadūtiḥ, anyadrāgaḥ, anyadīyaḥ; in a ṣaṣṭhī/tṛtīyā relation: anyāśīḥ. Vārttika kārake che ca nāyaṃ niṣedhaḥ: anyatkārakaḥ (source anyatkāraḥ), anyadīyaḥ (cha, gahādi being an ākṛtigaṇa).
• 1026 arthe vibhāṣā 6.3.100 — duk optionally before artha: anyadarthaḥ / anyārthaḥ.
• 1027 koḥ kat tatpuruṣe'ci 6.3.101 — kat for ku in a tatpuruṣa (by kugatiprādayaḥ, SK 761) before a vowel-initial uttarapada: ku + aśva → kadaśvaḥ; kadannam; bahuvrīhi: kūṣṭro rājā. Vārttika trau ca: kattrayaḥ.
• 1028 rathavadayośca 6.3.102 — kat before ratha, vada: kadrathaḥ, kadvadaḥ.
• 1029 tṛṇe ca jātau 6.3.103 — kat before tṛṇa naming a species: kattṛṇam.
• 1030 kā pathyakṣayoḥ 6.3.104 — kā for ku before pathin, akṣa: kāpatham; kākṣaḥ (tatpuruṣa with akṣa, or bahuvrīhi with akṣi + ṣac).
• 1031 īṣadarthe 6.3.105 — kā for ku meaning "slightly": īṣaj jalam → kājalam; even before a vowel, by paratva over 1027: kāmlaḥ.
• 1032 vibhāṣā puruṣe 6.3.106 — kā optionally before puruṣa: kāpuruṣaḥ / kupuruṣaḥ — an aprāpta-vibhāṣā; in the sense īṣat kā is nitya by pūrva-vipratiṣedha (per the Vṛtti — BM).
• 1033 kavaṃ coṣṇe 6.3.107 — before uṣṇa, kava or kā optionally, otherwise kat by 1027: kavoṣṇam, koṣṇam, kaduṣṇam.

I. pṛṣodarādi — compound forms correct as the learned utter them — running example: pṛṣataḥ udaram → pṛṣodaram

• 1034 pṛṣodarādīni yathopadiṣṭam 6.3.109 — words of the pṛṣodara type (ādi = prakāra; an ākṛtigaṇa) are correct exactly as the śiṣṭas pronounce them. On the running form: pṛṣat + udara → the t is lost, a + u → o: pṛṣodaram; vāri + vāhaka → b for vāri, l for v: balāhakaḥ. Kārikā: haṃsa (varṇāgama), siṃha (varṇaviparyaya), gūḍhotmā (varṇavikṛti), pṛṣodara (varṇanāśa). Vārttika dikśabdebhyas tīrasya tārabhāvo vā: dakṣiṇatāram / dakṣiṇatīram, uttaratāram / uttaratīram. Vārttika duro dāśanāśadabhadhyeṣūtvam uttarapadādeḥ ṣṭutvaṃ ca: dur → dū, initial → retroflex: dūḍāśaḥ, dūṇāśaḥ, dūḍabhaḥ (khal; n-loss of dambh by nipātana), dūḍhyaḥ (ka, SK 2898). Also bṛsī (bruvat → bṛ, ḍaṭ after sad).

J. The pūrvapada's final lengthened, under the saṃhitā heading — running example: dviguṇa + karṇa → dviguṇākarṇaḥ

• 1035 saṃhitāyām 6.3.114 — adhikāra: what follows holds only in close juncture (TB: so no lengthening when the members are separated in avagraha).
• 1036 karṇe lakṣaṇasyāviṣṭāṣṭapañcamaṇibhinnachinnachidrasruvasvastikasya 6.3.115 — before karṇa, the final of a word naming a cattle-mark lengthens ('dīrgha' from 6.3.111, SK 174), except the nine listed. On the running form: dviguṇa (the double-line mark) + karṇa → a → ā: dviguṇākarṇaḥ. Not a mark: śobhanakarṇaḥ. The exceptions: viṣṭakarṇaḥ, aṣṭakarṇaḥ, pañcakarṇaḥ, maṇikarṇaḥ, bhinnakarṇaḥ, chinnakarṇaḥ, chidrakarṇaḥ, sruvakarṇaḥ, svastikakarṇaḥ.
• 1037 nahivṛtivṛṣivyadhirucisahitaniṣu kvau 6.3.116 — before kvip-final nah, vṛt, vṛṣ, vyadh, ruc, sah, tan: upa + nah → upānat; nīvṛt, prāvṛṭ, marmāvit, nīruk, abhīruk, ṛtīṣaṭ, parītat. Why kvau? pariṇahanam. 'vibhāṣā' comes by frog's leap from 1032 as a vyavasthita-vibhāṣā: only a gati or kāraka lengthens — paṭuruk, tigmaruk.
• 1038 vanagiryoḥ saṃjñāyāṃ koṭarakiṃśulakādīnām 6.3.117 — in names, the final of koṭara etc. before vana, of kiṃśuluka etc. before giri; the examples come at 1039: koṭarāvaṇam, kiṃśulukāgiriḥ (BM: añjanāgiriḥ).
• 1040 vale 6.3.118 — before valac, in a name: kṛṣi + vala → kṛṣīvalaḥ.
• 1041 matau bahvaco'najirādīnām 6.3.119 — before matup, a many-vowelled stem, in a name, except ajira etc.: amara + vatī → amarāvatī. Counters: ajiravatī (ajirādi), vrīhimatī (not bahvac), valayavatī (not a name).
• 1042 śarādīnāṃ ca 6.3.120 — also śara etc. (not bahvac, so 1041 fails): śarāvatī.
• 1043 ikaḥ vahe'pīloḥ 6.3.121 — an ik-final pūrvapada before vaha, not pīlu: ṛṣīvaham; piṇḍavaham (not ik), pīluvaham. Vārttika apīlvādīnām: dāruvaham.
• 1044 upasargasya ghañyamanuṣye bahulam 6.3.122 — an upasarga before a ghañ-final, not naming a human, variously: parīpākaḥ / paripākaḥ; human: niṣādaḥ.
• 1045 ikaḥ kāśe 6.3.123 — an ik-final upasarga before kāśa (ac-final, so 1044 fails — BM): vīkāśaḥ, nīkāśaḥ; not ik: prakāśaḥ.
• 1046 aṣṭanaḥ saṃjñāyām 6.3.125 — aṣṭan lengthens before an uttarapada (Bhaṭṭoji's own filling), in a name: aṣṭāpadam; not a name: aṣṭaputraḥ.
• 1047 citeḥ kapi 6.3.127 — citi before kap: ekā citir yasya → ekacitīkaḥ.
• 1048 nare saṃjñāyām 6.3.129 — viśva ('viśvasya' from 6.3.128, SK 379) before nara, in a name: viśvānaraḥ.
• 1049 mitre carṣau 6.3.130 — viśva before mitra naming the ṛṣi: viśvāmitraḥ; viśvamitro māṇavakaḥ. Vārttika śuno dantadaṃṣṭrākarṇakundavarāhapucchapadeṣu dīrgho vācyaḥ: śvādantaḥ etc.

K. ṇatva of the uttarapada's n after an r / ṣ in the pūrvapada — running example: pra + vana → pravaṇam (also māṣavāpinau → māṣavāpiṇau)

• 1039 vanaṃ puragāmiśrakāsidhrakāsārikākoṭarāgrebhyaḥ 8.4.4 (moved down from between 1038 and 1040) — the n of vana → ṇ only after these six. The five through koṭarā are the koṭarādi of 1038, lengthened only in a name, where pūrvapadāt saṃjñāyām agaḥ (8.4.3, SK 857) already gives ṇ — so their mention is a niyama; 'agre' is a vidhi: puragāvaṇam, miśrakāvaṇam, sidhrakāvaṇam, sārikāvaṇam, koṭarāvaṇam. Not listed: asipatravanam. vanasya agre → agrevaṇam (aluk of the saptamī by the rājadantādi nipātana).
• 1050 pranirantaḥśarekṣuplakṣāmrakārṣyakhadirapīyūkṣābhyo'saṃjñāyāmapi 8.4.5 — n of vana → ṇ after these ten even outside a name. On the running form: pra + vana → pravaṇam; kārṣyavaṇam (ṇ from the ṣ).
• 1051 vibhāṣauṣadhivanaspatibhyaḥ 8.4.6 — optionally after names of oṣadhis / vanaspatis: dūrvāvaṇam / dūrvāvanam, śirīṣavaṇam / śirīṣavanam. Vārttika dvyactryajbhyām eva: devadāruvanam; irikādibhyaḥ pratiṣedho vaktavyaḥ: irikāvanam, mirikāvanam.
• 1052 vāhanamāhitāt 8.4.8 — n of vāhana after an r/ṣ in a word naming its load: ikṣuvāhaṇam; indravāhanam (Indra is the owner, not the load); vṛddhi of vah before lyuṭ by nipātana.
• 1053 pānaṃ deśe 8.4.9 — n of pāna after r or ṣ in the pūrvapada, when a region is meant: kṣīrapāṇā uśīnarāḥ, surāpāṇāḥ prācyāḥ (pāna = lyuṭ in the karman sense).
• 1054 vā bhāvakaraṇayoḥ 8.4.10 — pāna in the bhāva / karaṇa senses, optionally: kṣīrapāṇam / kṣīrapānam. Vārttika girinadyādīnāṃ vā: giriṇadī / girinadī, cakraṇitambā / cakranitambā.
• 1055 prātipadikāntanumvibhaktiṣu ca 8.4.11 — optional ṇ for an n at the end of a prātipadika, in num, or in a vibhakti, after an r/ṣ in the pūrvapada: māṣavāpin + au → māṣavāpiṇau; num: vrīhivāpāṇi; vibhakti: māṣavāpeṇa; else māṣavāpinau etc. Vārttika uttarapadaṃ yat prātipadikaṃ tadantasyaiva ṇatvam: gargabhaginī (hence the num-mention; also for prahiṇvan; prenvanam blocked as kṣubhnādi). Vārttika yuvāder na: not for the n of the uttarapadas yuvan, pakva etc.: ramyayūnā, paripakvāni. Recalled: ekājuttarapade ṇaḥ (SK 307; A 8.4.12), nitya: vṛtrahaṇau, harimāṇī, kṣīrapāṇi, kṣīrapeṇa, ramyaviṇā.
• 1056 kumati ca 8.4.13 — the same three positions obligatorily when the uttarapada contains a ka-class consonant (for the anekāc uttarapada): harikāmiṇau, harikāmāṇi, harikāmeṇa.
• 1057 padavyavāye'pi 8.4.38 — no ṇatva when a pada intervenes between cause and n ('na' from 8.4.34, SK 2840): māṣakumbhavāpena, caturaṅgayogena. Vārttika ataddhita iti vācyam: the bar does not hold when the intervening pada has a taddhita after it: ārdragomayeṇa, śuṣkagomayeṇa.

L. The augment suṭ (s before k / c / p / t) set down by nipātana — running example: kāraṃ karoti → kāraskaraḥ

• 1058 kustumburūṇi jātiḥ 6.1.143 — 'suṭ' carried from suṭ kāt pūrvaḥ (6.1.135, SK 2553): ku + s + tumburu naming the species coriander → kustumburūṇi (the neuter not essential); else kutumburūṇi (bad tindukī fruits).
• 1059 aparasparāḥ kriyāsātatye 6.1.144 — in the sense continuity of action: aparasparāḥ sārthā gacchanti; else aparaparā gacchanti.
• 1060 goṣpadaṃ sevitāsevitapramāṇeṣu 6.1.145 — suṭ and its ṣ, in frequented / unfrequented / measure: goṣpadaḥ (deśaḥ), agoṣpadāny araṇyāni, goṣpadamātraṃ kṣetram; else gopadam.
• 1061 āspadaṃ pratiṣṭhāyām 6.1.146 — meaning a place for ātma-yāpana (BM: sustaining the body; TB: passing time, or sustaining the body): āspadam; counter āpadāpadam (source; BM knows āpadam as the other reading).
• 1062 āścaryamanitye 6.1.147 — suṭ for car after āṅ with yat (carer āṅi cāgurau, a vārttika under 3.1.100) meaning the marvellous: āścaryaṃ yadi sa bhuñjīta; else ācaryaṃ karma śobhanam.
• 1063 varcaske'vaskaraḥ 6.1.148 — meaning excrement: avaskaraḥ; else avakaraḥ.
• 1064 apaskaro rathāṅgam 6.1.149 — meaning a chariot-part (the wheel): apaskaraḥ; else apakaraḥ.
• 1065 viṣkiraḥ śakunau vā 6.1.150 — optionally, meaning a bird: viṣkiraḥ / vikiraḥ; the Vṛtti's text (only there does 'vikira' stand in the sūtra — TB), restricting vikira to birds, is rejected as against the Bhāṣya.
• 1066 pratiṣkaśaśca kaśeḥ 6.1.152 — prati + kaś + ac with suṭ and ṣ: pratiṣkaśaḥ (companion / forerunner); prati belonging to another root: pratikaśo 'śvaḥ.
• 1067 praskaṇvahariścandrāvṛṣī 6.1.153 — naming ṛṣis: praskaṇvaḥ, hariścandraḥ (for use outside mantra; in mantra 6.1.151, SK 3527, gives it); else prakaṇvaḥ (a region), haricandraḥ (a boy).
• 1068 maskaramaskariṇau veṇuparivrājakayoḥ 6.1.154 — makara (underived) + suṭ, and + ini: maskaraḥ (bamboo), maskarī (ascetic); else makaro grāhaḥ, makarī samudraḥ.
• 1069 kāstīrājastunde nagare 6.1.155 — naming cities: kāstīram, ajastundam; else kātīram, ajatundam.
• 1070 kāraskaro vṛkṣaḥ 6.1.156 — naming a tree, suṭ only (the s stays dental). On the running form: kāraṃ karoti → kāra + s + kara → kāraskaraḥ; else kārakaraḥ. Some read it in the kaskādi list (8.3.48) instead.
• 1071 pāraskaraprabhṛtīni ca saṃjñāyām 6.1.157 — pāraskara etc., as names, with suṭ: pāraskaraḥ, kiṣkindhā. Two further rules of the list (labelled vārttika in the source; gaṇa-sūtras per BM): tadbṛhatoḥ karapatyoś coradevatayoḥ suṭ talopaś ca — taskaraḥ, bṛhaspatiḥ; prāyasya citticittayoḥ — prāyaścittiḥ, prāyaścittam; vanaspatiḥ etc. — an ākṛtigaṇa.