तत्पुरुषसमासप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 684–828 (145 sūtras): all present.

tatpuruṣa-samāsa-prakaraṇa — outline (p18, SK 684–828, all 145 sūtras)

Forming the determinative compound (tatpuruṣa): two syntactically connected words fused into one, the first member subordinate (upasarjana) to and qualifying/governing the second, which is the head — rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ → rājapuruṣaḥ ("the king's man"). SK runs the prakaraṇa on three braided strands: (i) the case-tatpuruṣas of pāda 2.1 (a dvitīyā/tṛtīyā/caturthī/pañcamī/ṣaṣṭhī/saptamī member compounds with a fixed set of second members) and their subtype the karmadhāraya (co-referential, adjectival) with its dvigu (numeral-first) offshoot; (ii) the saṃjñā/operation apparatus that this needs — the gati/nipāta designations of 1.4, the upapada designation of 3.1.92, the nañ na-lopa of 6.3, the mahat→mahā and number-sandhi of 6.3, and the samāsānta affixes of 5.4.86–105; and (iii) the liṅga/vacana atideśas of 2.4 and 1.2 that fix the finished compound's gender and number. Seventeen outcome-groups, kept close to SK order. Ordering notes: (i) SK pulls the whole ṣaṣṭhī block (2.2.8–17, group D) in before the pāda-opening rules 2.2.1–5 (group E), then returns to 2.1.40 (group F). (ii) It splices operation-rules from far-flung pādas into the flow: gorataddhitaluki 5.4.92 (729) and dvigurekavacanam 2.4.1 (731) around the dvigu definition; the karmadhāraya saṃjñā 1.2.42 (745) and puṃvat… 6.3.42 (746) mid-2.1; kaḍārāḥ 2.2.38 (751) among the karmadhārayas; the na-lopa apparatus 6.3.73–77 (757–760) right after nañ; the gati/nipāta saṃjñās 1.4.61–79 (762–780) right after kugatiprādayaḥ; the upapada saṃjñā 3.1.92 (781) before 2.2.19–22; and the number atideśas 1.2.58–63 (817–820) among the 2.4 gender rules. (iii) SK reverses īṣadakṛtā 2.2.7 (755) and nañ 2.2.6 (756). The saṃjñās tatpuruṣa (684), karmadhāraya (745), and the neuter-adhikāra tatpuruṣo'nañ (822) each govern the rules that follow them.

A. The saṃjñā foundation and the dvitīyā (accusative) tatpuruṣa — running example: kṛṣṇaṃ śritaḥ → kṛṣṇaśritaḥ

• 684 tatpuruṣaḥ 2.1.22 — adhikāra: from here up to śeṣo bahuvrīhiḥ (2.2.23) the compounds bear the saṃjñā tatpuruṣa. No form of its own; scopes the whole prakaraṇa.
• 685 dviguś ca 2.1.23 — and a dvigu (numeral-first, taught by saṃkhyāpūrvo dviguḥ 730) is also tatpuruṣa — else the eka-saṃjñā rule would let dvigu block it; the point is to license the samāsānta ṭac: pañcarājam.
• 686 dvitīyā śritātītapatitagatātyastaprāptāpannaiḥ 2.1.24 — an accusative-ending word optionally compounds with a subanta based on śrita/atīta/patita/gata/atyasta/prāpta/āpanna → tatpuruṣa: kṛṣṇaṃ śritaḥ → kṛṣṇaśritaḥ, duḥkham atītaḥ → duḥkhātītaḥ. Vārttika gamyādīnām upasaṃkhyānam adds gamin etc.: grāmaṃ gamī → grāmagamī, annaṃ bubhukṣuḥ → annabubhukṣuḥ.
• 687 svayaṃ ktena 2.1.25 — the indeclinable svayam compounds with a kta-ending word (dvitīyā not construed, svayam being avyaya): svayaṃkṛtaḥ; the point is the samāsa-accent, since without it the taddhita would give svāyaṃkṛtiḥ.
• 688 khaṭvā kṣepe 2.1.26 — khaṭvā compounds with a kta-word in censure (kṣepa/nindā): khaṭvārūḍho jālmaḥ ("the cot-mounted wretch"); a nitya-samāsa, since the phrase alone conveys no censure.
• 689 sāmi 2.1.27 — the indeclinable sāmi ("half") compounds with a kta-word: sāmikṛtam ("half-done"); else the taddhita would give sāmikārtiḥ.
• 690 kālāḥ 2.1.28 — time-words (accusative) compound with a kta-word, for non-continuous conjunction: māsaṃ pramitaḥ → māsapramitaḥ (candraḥ) ("the moon measured out over a month").
• 691 atyantasaṃyoge ca 2.1.29 — and time-words compound (with a subanta, now not kta-ending) when continuous conjunction (atyanta-saṃyoga) is meant: muhūrtaṃ sukham → muhūrtasukham ("happiness pervading a muhūrta").

B. tṛtīyā (instrumental) tatpuruṣa — running example: śaṅkulayā khaṇḍaḥ → śaṅkulākhaṇḍaḥ

• 692 tṛtīyā tatkṛtārthena guṇavacanena 2.1.30 — an instrumental word compounds with a quality-word denoting a quality produced by it (tatkṛta), and with the word artha: śaṅkulākhaṇḍaḥ ("broken by an awl"), dhānyena arthaḥ → dhānyārthaḥ ("wealth got by grain"); not akṣṇā kāṇaḥ (blindness not made by the eye).
• 693 pūrvasadṛśasamonārthakalahanipuṇamiśraślakṣṇaiḥ 2.1.31 — an instrumental word compounds with pūrva/sadṛśa/sama/ūnārtha/kalaha/nipuṇa/miśra/ślakṣṇa: māsapūrvaḥ, mātṛsadṛśaḥ, pitṛsamaḥ, māṣonaṃ kārṣāpaṇam, vākkalahaḥ, ācāranipuṇaḥ, guḍamiśraḥ, ācāraślakṣṇaḥ. Vārttika avarasyopasaṃkhyānam: māsāvaraḥ.
• 694 kartṛkaraṇe kṛtā bahulam 2.1.32 — an instrumental word in the agent or instrument sense compounds variously (bahulam) with a kṛt-word: hariṇā trātaḥ → haritrātaḥ, nakhair bhinnaḥ → nakhabhinnaḥ (paribhāṣā kṛdgrahaṇe gati-kāraka-pūrvasyāpi → also nakhanirbhinnaḥ); not bhikṣābhir uṣitaḥ (hetu), not dātreṇa lūnavān, not kāṣṭhaiḥ pacatitarām (non-kṛt).
• 695 kṛtyair adhikārthavacane 2.1.33 — an instrumental (agent/instrument) word compounds with a kṛtya-form in a hyperbolic praise/blame utterance (adhikārtha-vacana): vātena chedyam → vātacchedyaṃ tṛṇam, kākapeyā nadī.
• 696 annena vyañjanam 2.1.34 — a seasoning-word (instrumental) compounds with a food-word: dadhnā odanaḥ → dadhyodanaḥ (curd-rice); the capacity comes through the implied sprinkling (upaseka).
• 697 bhakṣyeṇa miśrīkaraṇam 2.1.35 — a mixing-agent word (instrumental) compounds with an edible-word: guḍena dhānāḥ → guḍadhānāḥ ("parched grains with molasses"); capacity through the implied mixing (miśraṇa).

C. caturthī (dative) and pañcamī (ablative) tatpuruṣa — running example: yūpāya dāru → yūpadāru; corād bhayam → corabhayam

• 698 caturthī tadarthārthabalihitasukharakṣitaiḥ 2.1.36 — a dative word compounds with tadartha/artha/bali/hita/sukha/rakṣita; tadartha taken only in the material→product (prakṛti-vikṛti) relation (jñāpaka from bali/rakṣita): yūpāya dāru → yūpadāru; not randhanāya sthālī; aśvaghāsa etc. are rather ṣaṣṭhī. Vārttika: with artha the compound is nitya and takes the qualificand's gender — dvijārthaḥ sūpaḥ (m.), dvijārthā yavāgūḥ (f.), dvijārthaṃ payaḥ (n.); also bhūtabaliḥ, gohitam, gosukham, gorakṣitam.
• 699 pañcamī bhayena 2.1.37 — an ablative word compounds with bhaya: corād bhayam → corabhayam (ablative by bhītrārthānāṃ bhayahetuḥ). Vārttika adds bhīta/bhīti/bhī: vṛkabhītaḥ, vṛkabhītiḥ, vṛkabhīḥ.
• 700 apetāpoḍhamuktapatitāpatrastairalpaśaḥ 2.1.38 — an ablative word denoting something slight compounds with apeta/apoḍha/mukta/patita/apatrasta: sukhāpetaḥ, kalpanāpoḍhaḥ, cakramuktaḥ, svargapatitaḥ, taraṅgāpatrastaḥ; not prasādāt patitaḥ (what is fallen-from not slight).
• 701 stokāntikadūrārthakṛcchrāṇi ktena 2.1.39 — ablative words meaning stoka/antika/dūra (and kṛcchra) compound with a kta-word: stokān muktaḥ, antikād āgataḥ, dūrād āgataḥ, kṛcchrād āgataḥ; non-elision (aluk) of the fifth-case ending by pañcamyāḥ stokādibhyaḥ.

D. ṣaṣṭhī (genitive) tatpuruṣa and its prohibitions — running example: rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ → rājapuruṣaḥ

• 702 ṣaṣṭhī 2.2.8 — a genitive word compounds with a subanta → tatpuruṣa: rājñaḥ puruṣaḥ → rājapuruṣaḥ (the n of rājan drops by na-lopa via pratyaya-lakṣaṇa on the internal sup).
• 703 yājakādibhiś ca 2.2.9 — and a genitive compounds with yājaka etc. (a re-permission of what 709 blocks): brāhmaṇayājakaḥ, devapūjakaḥ. Vārttikas: with a guṇa-based tarap (tarap then elided) — sarvaśvetaḥ, sarvamahān; and a kṛd-yoga genitive — idhmasya vraścanaḥ → idhmapravraścanaḥ.
• 704 na nirdhāraṇe 2.2.10 — a genitive of singling-out (nirdhāraṇa) does not compound: nṛṇāṃ dvijaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ. Vārttika: nor a pratipada-vidhāna genitive — sarpiṣo jñānam.
• 705 pūraṇaguṇasuhitārthasadavyayatavyasamānādhikaraṇena 2.2.11 — a genitive does not compound with an ordinal (pūraṇa), quality-word (guṇa), satiety-word (suhitārtha), śatṛ/śānac (sat), (kṛt-)indeclinable (avyaya), tavya-kṛtya, or a co-referential word: satāṃ ṣaṣṭhaḥ, kākasya kārṣṇyam, phalānāṃ suhitaḥ, dvijasya kurvan, brāhmaṇasya kṛtvā, brāhmaṇasya kartavyam, takṣakasya sarpasya — the prohibition non-absolute for guṇa (so arthagauravam stands).
• 706 ktena ca pūjāyām 2.2.12 — and a genitive does not compound with a present-sense kta (from matibuddhipūjārthebhyaś ca) in esteem: rājñāṃ mataḥ / buddhaḥ / pūjitaḥ; but past-sense rājapūjitaḥ is an instrumental tatpuruṣa.
• 707 adhikaraṇavācinā ca 2.2.13 — and a genitive does not compound with a locus-denoting kta: idam eṣām āsitaṃ gataṃ bhuktaṃ vā.
• 708 karmaṇi ca 2.2.14 — and the object-genitive prescribed by ubhayaprāptau karmaṇi (when agent and object both obtain) does not compound: āścaryo gavāṃ doho 'gopena.
• 709 tṛjakābhyāṃ kartari 2.2.15 — a genitive does not compound with tṛc/aka in the agent sense: apāṃ sraṣṭā, vajrasya bhartā, odanasya pācakaḥ; but ikṣubhakṣikā (not agentive) compounds, and bhūbhartā (bhartṛ = lord, in yājakādi) compounds.
• 710 kartari ca 2.2.16 — and the agent-genitive does not compound with an aka-word (tṛc not carried here): bhavataḥ śāyikā (uncompounded).
• 711 nityaṃ krīḍājīvikayoḥ 2.2.17 — in the senses of a game and a livelihood a genitive compounds invariably: uddālakapuṣpabhañjikā (a game), dantalekhaka (a livelihood) — making obligatory what would else be optional or blocked by 709.

E. The part/whole and measure tatpuruṣas (pāda-opening 2.2.1–5, pulled in here) — running example: pūrvaṃ kāyasya → pūrvakāyaḥ

• 712 pūrvāparādharottaram ekadeśinaikādhikaraṇe 2.2.1 — pūrva/apara/adhara/uttara compound with a whole-word (ekadeśin) sharing a single substratum (an apavāda to the ṣaṣṭhī, fixing pūrva-nipāta): pūrvaṃ kāyasya → pūrvakāyaḥ, aparakāyaḥ; not pūrvaṃ nābheḥ kāyasya, not pūrvaś chātrāṇām (plural). By jñāpaka any part compounds with ahan/kāla: madhyāhnaḥ, sāyāhnaḥ, madhyarātraḥ.
• 713 ardhaṃ napuṃsakam 2.2.2 — ardha (an equal part, inherently neuter) compounds with the whole-word, as before: ardhaṃ pippalyāḥ → ardhapippalī; not grāmārdhaḥ (portion in general, m.), not ardhaṃ pippalīnām (no dravya-unity). Vārttika ekavibhaktāv aṣaṣṭhyantavacanam keeps a genitive member from becoming upasarjana (so no hrasva).
• 714 dvitīyatṛtīyacaturthaturyāṇyanyatarasyām 2.2.3 — dvitīya/tṛtīya/caturtha/turya compound optionally with a whole-word: dvitīyaṃ bhikṣāyāḥ → dvitīyabhikṣā; not dvitīyaṃ bhikṣāyā bhikṣukasya; the option lets the ṣaṣṭhī-compound bhikṣādvitīyam arise (overriding 705).
• 715 prāptāpanne ca dvitīyayā 2.2.4 — prāpta/āpanna compound with an accusative word (here prāpta/āpanna are fronted): prāpto jīvikām → prāptajīvika; splitting dvitīyayā a, an a replaces the final ā of prāptā/āpannā → f. prāptajīvikā, āpannajīvikā.
• 716 kālāḥ parimāṇinā 2.2.5 — time-words compound with the measured/delimited thing: māso jātasya → māsajātaḥ ("a month-old born one"), dvyaho jātasya → dvyahajātaḥ. Vārttika (three-word tatpuruṣa for a following measure-member): dve ahanī jātasya → dvyahnajātaḥ (ahna-substitute by 790).

F. saptamī (locative) tatpuruṣa — running example: akṣeṣu śauṇḍaḥ → akṣaśauṇḍaḥ

• 717 saptamī śauṇḍaiḥ 2.1.40 — a locative word optionally compounds with śauṇḍa etc.: akṣaśauṇḍaḥ; adhi is in the gaṇa (īśvarādhīnaḥ).
• 718 siddhaśuṣkapakvabandhaiś ca 2.1.41 — and with siddha/śuṣka/pakva/bandha: sāṃkāśyasiddhaḥ, ātapaśuṣkaḥ, sthālīpakvaḥ, cakrabandhaḥ.
• 719 dhvāṅkṣeṇa kṣepe 2.1.42 — a locative word compounds with dhvāṅkṣa ("crow") in censure: tīrthe dhvāṅkṣaḥ → tīrthadhvāṅkṣaḥ, tīrthakākaḥ.
• 720 kṛtyair ṛṇe 2.1.43 — a locative word compounds with kṛtya-forms denoting an obligation (ṛṇa = niyoga in general): māse deyam ṛṇaṃ → māsedeyam, pūrvāhṇe geyaṃ → pūrvāhṇegeyam.
• 721 saṃjñāyām 2.1.44 — a locative word compounds with a subanta when a proper name results (nitya, name not conveyed by the phrase): araṇyetilakāḥ, vanekaserukāḥ (aluk by haladantāt saptamyāḥ).
• 722 ktenāhorātrāvayavāḥ 2.1.45 — the parts of day/night (locative) compound with a kta-word: pūrvāhṇe kṛtaṃ → pūrvāhṇakṛtam, apararātre kṛtaṃ → apararātrakṛtam; not ahni dṛṣṭam (whole day, not a part).
• 723 tatra 2.1.46 — the locative tatra compounds with a kta-word: tatra bhuktam ("eaten there").
• 724 kṣepe 2.1.47 — a locative word compounds with a kta-word in censure: avataptenakulasthitam ("as unsteady as a mongoose on scorched ground").
• 725 pātresamitādayaś ca 2.1.48 — pātresamita etc. are irregularly fixed in censure (an ākṛti-gaṇa): pātresamitāḥ, geheśūraḥ, gehenardī; the ca restricts them from entering other compounds.

G. samānādhikaraṇa foundation, the dik/saṃkhyā compounds, and the dvigu — running example: pañcānāṃ gavāṃ samāhāraḥ → pañcagavam

• 726 pūrvakālaikasarvajaratpurāṇanavakevalāḥ samānādhikaraṇena 2.1.49 — pūrvakāla/eka/sarva/jarat/purāṇa/nava/kevala compound with a co-referential word (fixing pūrva-nipāta; for eka also blocking 727): snātānuliptaḥ, ekanāthaḥ, sarvayājñikāḥ, jarannaiyāyikāḥ, purāṇamīmāṃsakāḥ, navapāṭhakāḥ, kevalavaiyākaraṇāḥ.
• 727 diksaṃkhye saṃjñāyām 2.1.50 — "samānādhikaraṇena" now an adhikāra to the pāda-end; a direction/numeral word compounds with a co-referential word only when a name results: pūrveṣukāmaśamī, saptarṣayaḥ; not uttarā vṛkṣāḥ, pañca brāhmaṇāḥ.
• 728 taddhitārthottarapadasamāhāre ca 2.1.51 — a dik/saṃkhyā word compounds when (i) a taddhita-sense, (ii) an uttarapada follows, or (iii) an aggregate (samāhāra) is meant: pūrvasyāṃ śālāyāṃ bhavaḥ → paurvaśālaḥ, pūrvaśālāpriyaḥ, ṣāṇmāturaḥ. Vārttika: dvandva/tatpuruṣa nitya when an uttarapada follows.
• 729 gorataddhitaluki 5.4.92 — samāsānta ṬaC after a tatpuruṣa ending in go, but not under taddhita-luk: pañcagavadhana.
• 730 saṃkhyāpūrvo dviguḥ 2.1.52 — the numeral-first (samāhāra/taddhitārtha) compound of 728 is named dvigu: pañcarājam, pañcagavam.
• 731 dvigurekavacanam 2.4.1 — a dvigu (samāhāra sense) is singular (ekavat); its neuter is by 821: pañcānāṃ gavāṃ samāhāraḥ → pañcagavam.

H. karmadhāraya — the co-referential (adjectival) compounds — running example: nīlam utpalaṃ → nīlotpalam

• 732 kutsitāni kutsanaiḥ 2.1.53 — a reviled thing compounds with a reviling word: vaiyākaraṇakhasūciḥ, mīmāṃsakadurdurūḍhaḥ.
• 733 pāpāṇake kutsitaiḥ 2.1.54 — pāpa/āṇaka compound with reviled words (apavāda to 732): pāpanāpitaḥ, āṇakakulālaḥ.
• 734 upamānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ 2.1.55 — a standard of comparison (upamāna) compounds with a common-property word: ghana iva śyāmaḥ → ghanaśyāmaḥ ("cloud-dark").
• 735 upamitaṃ vyāghrādibhiḥ sāmānyāprayoge 2.1.56 — the compared thing (upameya) compounds with vyāghra etc. when the common property is unexpressed: puruṣavyāghraḥ, nṛsomaḥ; not puruṣo vyāghra iva śūraḥ.
• 736 viśeṣaṇaṃ viśeṣyeṇa bahulam 2.1.57 — a qualifier compounds with the co-referential qualificand, variously: nīlam utpalaṃ → nīlotpalam; nitya kṛṣṇasarpaḥ; sometimes not — rāmo jāmadagnyaḥ.
• 737 pūrvāparaprathamacaramajaghanyasamānamadhyamadhyamavīrāś ca 2.1.58 — pūrva/apara/prathama/carama/jaghanya/samāna/madhya/madhyama/vīra compound with a co-referential word (a pūrva-nipāta restriction): pūrvavaiyākaraṇaḥ, aparādhyāpakaḥ. Vārttika: apara → paśca in the "latter half" sense — paścārdhaḥ.
• 738 śreṇyādayaḥ kṛtādibhiḥ 2.1.59 — śreṇi etc. compound with kṛta etc. in the cvi sense (becoming what one was not): aśreṇayaḥ śreṇayaḥ kṛtāḥ → śreṇīkṛtāḥ.
• 739 ktena nañviśiṣṭenānañ 2.1.60 — a nañ-less kta-word compounds with a nañ-bearing kta-word: kṛtaṃ ca tad akṛtaṃ ca → kṛtākṛtam. Vārttika (uttarapada-lopa): śākapriyaḥ pārthivaḥ → śākapārthivaḥ, devabrāhmaṇa.
• 740 sanmahatparamottamotkṛṣṭāḥ pūjyamānaiḥ 2.1.61 — sat/mahat/parama/uttama/utkṛṣṭa compound with honoured words: sadvaidyaḥ, mahāvaiyākaraṇaḥ (mahat → mahā by 807); not utkṛṣṭo gauḥ ("an ox drawn up from mud").
• 741 vṛndārakanāgakuñjaraiḥ pūjyamānam 2.1.62 — an honoured thing compounds with vṛndāraka/nāga/kuñjara: govṛndārakaḥ.
• 742 katarakatamau jātiparipraśne 2.1.63 — katara/katama compound with a co-referential word in a class-inquiry: katarakaṭha, katamakalāpa.
• 743 kiṃ kṣepe 2.1.64 — kim compounds in censure: kutsito rājā → kiṃrājā ("a wretched king who does not protect").
• 744 poṭāyuvatistokakatipayagṛṣṭidhenuvaśāvehatbaṣkayaṇīpravaktṛśrotriyādhyāpakadhūrtaiḥ jātiḥ 2.1.65 — a class-word (jāti) compounds with the co-referential poṭā/yuvati/stoka/katipaya/gṛṣṭi/dhenu/vaśā/vehat/baṣkayaṇī/pravaktṛ/śrotriya/adhyāpaka/dhūrta: ibhapoṭā, ibhayuvatiḥ, agnistokaḥ, gogṛṣṭiḥ, godhenuḥ, govaśā, govehat, gobaṣkayaṇī, kaṭhapravaktā, kaṭhaśrotriyaḥ, kaṭhādhyāpakaḥ, kaṭhadhūrtaḥ.

I. The karmadhāraya saṃjñā, its puṃvad-bhāva, and the remaining karmadhāraya rules — running example: mahatī navamī → mahānavamī; kumārī śramaṇā → kumāraśramaṇā

• 745 tatpuruṣaḥ samānādhikaraṇaḥ karmadhārayaḥ 1.2.42 — a co-referential tatpuruṣa (its two members denoting one thing) is named karmadhāraya; scopes the uttarapada-operations that follow.
• 746 puṃvat karmadhārayajātīyadeśīyeṣu 6.3.42 — a feminine prior member (from a bhāṣita-puṃska stem, lacking ūṅ) behaves like the masculine in a karmadhāraya and before jātīya/deśīya: mahānavamī, kṛṣṇacaturdaśī, mahāpriyā, pācakastrī, pācakajātīyā.
• 747 praśaṃsāvacanaiś ca 2.1.66 — a class-word compounds with praise-words (fixed-gender): gomatallikā, gomacarcikā, goprakāṇḍam, gavoddhaḥ, gotallajaḥ (all "an excellent cow"); not kumārī matallikā.
• 748 yuvā khalatipalitavalinajaratībhiḥ 2.1.67 — yuvan compounds with khalati/palita/valina/jaratī (a pūrva-nipāta rule; yuvati included by liṅga-viśiṣṭa): yuvakhalatiḥ, yuvajaratī.
• 749 kṛtyatulyākhyā ajātyā 2.1.68 — a kṛtya-word or a tulya-synonym compounds with a non-class co-referential word: bhojyoṣṇam, tulyaśvetaḥ, sadṛśaśvetaḥ; not bhojya odanaḥ (jāti).
• 750 varṇo varṇena 2.1.69 — a colour-word compounds with a co-referential colour-word: kṛṣṇasāraṅgaḥ ("black spotted-antelope").
• 751 kaḍārāḥ karmadhāraye 2.2.38 — the kaḍārādi words are optionally placed first in a karmadhāraya: kaḍārajaiminiḥ / jaiminikaḍāraḥ.
• 752 kumāraḥ śramaṇādibhiḥ 2.1.70 — kumāra compounds with śramaṇā etc. (recited in the feminine — the jñāpaka for liṅga-viśiṣṭa): kumārī śramaṇā → kumāraśramaṇā.
• 753 catuṣpādo garbhiṇyā 2.1.71 — a species-word catuṣpād compounds with garbhiṇī: gogarbhiṇī; not svastimatī garbhiṇī (non-species).
• 754 mayūravyaṃsakādayaś ca 2.1.72 — the mayūravyaṃsakādi class (an ākṛti-gaṇa) is fixed irregularly: mayūravyaṃsakaḥ, uccāvacam, niścapracam, akiṃcanaḥ; gaṇa-sūtras add verb+verb (aśnītapibatā), ehīḍādi (ehīḍam, uddharotsṛjā), jahi-forms (jahijoḍaḥ), akutobhayaḥ, rājāntaram, cinmātram.

J. nañ-samāsa and its na-lopa / nuṭ apparatus — running example: na brāhmaṇaḥ → abrāhmaṇaḥ; na aśvaḥ → anaśvaḥ

• 755 īṣadakṛtā 2.2.7 — īṣat compounds with a non-kṛt word (a quality-word, per vārttika): īṣatpiṅgalaḥ, īṣadraktam. (SK places this 2.2.7 before nañ 2.2.6.)
• 756 nañ 2.2.6 — the negative nañ compounds with a sup-ending word: sets up na brāhmaṇaḥ.
• 757 nalopo nañaḥ 6.3.73 — the na of nañ is elided when an uttarapada follows: na brāhmaṇaḥ → abrāhmaṇaḥ.
• 758 tasmān nuḍ aci 6.3.74 — after that na-elided nañ, augment nuṬ on a vowel-initial uttarapada: na aśvaḥ → anaśvaḥ; in the arthābhāva sense this tatpuruṣa is optional with the avyayībhāva (asaṃhitam, avighnam). Vārttika naño nalopas tiṅi kṣepe: apacasi tvaṃ jālma.
• 759 nabhrāṇnapānnavedānāsatyānamucinakulanakhanapuṃsakanakṣatranakranākeṣu prakṛtyā 6.3.75 — the nañ stays in natural form (na retained) in a fixed list: napāt, navedāḥ, nāsatyā, namuciḥ, nakulam, nakham, napuṃsakam, nakṣatram, nakraḥ, nākaḥ.
• 760 nago 'prāṇiṣv anyatarasyām 6.3.77 — in naga the nañ optionally keeps its na, among non-living things: nagāḥ / agāḥ ("mountains"); for a living being only agaḥ ("ago vṛṣalaḥ").

K. gati-samāsa: ku/prādi and the gati/nipāta saṃjñā block (1.4.61–79) — running example: ūrīkṛtya; kutsitaḥ puruṣaḥ → kupuruṣaḥ

• 761 kugatiprādayaḥ 2.2.18 — ku, the gati-words, and pra etc. compound invariably with a connected word: kupuruṣaḥ, supuruṣaḥ (the "gati" saṃjñā carried from 1.4.60; sets up the following block).
• 762 ūryādicviḍācaś ca 1.4.61 — ūrī etc., cvi-forms, and ḍāc-forms get the gati saṃjñā with a verb: ūrīkṛtya, urarīkṛtya, śuklīkṛtya, paṭapaṭākṛtya (upasaṃkhyāna kārikā → kārikākṛtya).
• 763 anukaraṇaṃ cānitiparam 1.4.62 — an imitation not followed by iti is gati: khāṭkṛtya; not khāḍ iti kṛtvā.
• 764 ādarānādarayoḥ sadasatī 1.4.63 — sat/asat are gati in respect/disrespect: satkṛtya, asatkṛtya.
• 765 bhūṣaṇe 'lam 1.4.64 — alam is gati in adorning: alaṃkṛtya; not alaṃ kṛtvā odanaṃ gataḥ ("enough").
• 766 antaraparigrahe 1.4.65 — antar is gati in non-acceptance: antarhatya ("having struck within"); not antarhatvā gataḥ (acceptance).
• 767 kaṇemanasī śraddhāpratīghāte 1.4.66 — kaṇe/manas are gati in intense craving: kaṇehatya (payaḥ pibati), manohatya.
• 768 puro 'vyayam 1.4.67 — the indeclinable puras is gati: puraskṛtya.
• 769 astaṃ ca 1.4.68 — astam is gati: astaṃgatya.
• 770 accha gatyarthavadeṣu 1.4.69 — the indeclinable accha is gati before verbs of going/speaking: acchagatya, acchodya; not jalam acchaṃ gacchati (adjective).
• 771 ado 'nupadeśe 1.4.70 — adas is gati when not in instruction-to-another: adaḥkṛtya; not adaḥ kṛtvā (upadeśa).
• 772 tiro 'ntardhau 1.4.71 — tiras is gati in disappearance: tirobhūya.
• 773 vibhāṣā kṛñi 1.4.72 — tiras is optionally gati before √kṛ: tiraskṛtya / tiraḥkṛtya / tiraḥ kṛtvā.
• 774 upāje 'nvāje 1.4.73 — upāje/anvāje optionally gati before √kṛ: upājekṛtya / upājekṛtvā ("lending strength to the weak").
• 775 sākṣātprabhṛtīni ca 1.4.74 — sākṣāt etc. optionally gati before √kṛ, in the cvi sense: sākṣātkṛtya / sākṣāt kṛtvā, lavaṇaṃkṛtya.
• 776 anatyādhāna urasimanasī 1.4.75 — urasi/manasi optionally gati before √kṛ when not depositing: urasikṛtya, manasikṛtya; not urasi kṛtvā pāṇiṃ śete (contact).
• 777 madhye pade nivacane ca 1.4.76 — madhye/pade/nivacane optionally gati before √kṛ (not depositing): madhyekṛtya, padekṛtya, nivacanekṛtya.
• 778 nityaṃ haste pāṇāv upayamane 1.4.77 — haste/pāṇau are always gati before √kṛ in marriage (upayamana): hastekṛtya, pāṇaukṛtya.
• 779 prādhvaṃ bandhane 1.4.78 — prādhvam is gati when compliance is by binding: prādhvaṃkṛtya; not prādhvaṃ kṛtvā (by request).
• 780 jīvikopaniṣadāv aupamye 1.4.79 — jīvikā/upaniṣad are gati in comparison: jīvikākṛtya, upaniṣatkṛtya; not jīvikāṃ kṛtvā. Vārttikas (prādi with a case-word): prācāryaḥ, atimālaḥ, avakokilaḥ, paryadhyayanaḥ, niṣkauśāmbiḥ; kpy excepted (vṛkṣaṃ prati).

L. upapada-samāsa — running example: kumbhaṃ karoti → kumbhakāraḥ

• 781 tatropapadaṃ saptamīstham 3.1.92 — saṃjñā: the word standing in the locative in an affix-rule (e.g. karmaṇy aṇ) is upapada; the affix applies only when it is present. Sets up kumbha in kumbhakāraḥ.
• 782 upapadam atiṅ 2.2.19 — an upapada (non-tiṅ) compounds invariably with the connected word: kumbhaṃ karoti → kumbhakāraḥ; not tiṅ (mā bhavān bhūt). "atiṅ" shows sup is not carried, grounding the prāk sub-utpatteḥ paribhāṣā: vyāghrī, aśvakrītī.
• 783 amaivāvyayena 2.2.20 — an upapada that is provided only with the affix am (ṇamul) compounds with an indeclinable: svāduṃkāram; not where am and another affix are equally provided (agre bhojam etc.).
• 784 tṛtīyāprabhṛtīny anyatarasyām 2.2.21 — upapadas from upadaṃśas tṛtīyāyām onward compound optionally with an am-ending (ṇamul) indeclinable: mūlakenopadaṃśaṃ bhuṅkte → mūlakopadaṃśam.
• 785 ktvā ca 2.2.22 — and those upapadas (tṛtīyā-onward) compound optionally with a ktvā-word: uccaiḥ kṛtya / uccaiḥ kṛtvā; not alaṃ kṛtvā, khalu kṛtvā.

M. samāsānta affixes I — aC/ṭaC/ṭac on aṅguli, rātri, ahan, and the ahan-substitute apparatus — running example: ahaś ca rātriś ca → ahorātraḥ; ahno madhyam → madhyāhnaḥ

• 786 tatpuruṣasyāṅguleḥ saṃkhyāvyayādeḥ 5.4.86 — samāsānta aC on a tatpuruṣa ending in aṅguli with a numeral/indeclinable first: dvyaṅgulaṃ dāru, niraṅgulam.
• 787 ahassarvaikadeśasaṃkhyātapuṇyāc ca rātreḥ 5.4.87 — aC on a compound ending in rātri after ahar/sarva/ekadeśa/saṃkhyāta/puṇya (and numeral/indeclinable): ahorātraḥ, sarvarātraḥ, pūrvarātraḥ, saṃkhyātarātraḥ, puṇyarātraḥ, dvirātram, atirātraḥ.
• 788 rājāhassakhibhyaṣ ṭac 5.4.91 — ṭac on a tatpuruṣa ending in rājan/ahan/sakhi: paramarājaḥ, atirājī, madhyāhnaḥ, kṛṣṇasakhaḥ.
• 789 ahnaṣṭakhor eva 6.4.145 — ṭi-lopa of ahan (→ ahn) only before ṭa/kha: uttamāhaḥ, dvyahīnaḥ (kratuḥ); not madrarājñī.
• 790 ahno 'hna etebhyaḥ 5.4.88 — the substitute ahna for ahan after sarva etc. when a samāsānta follows: madhyāhnaḥ, sāyāhnaḥ, dvyahnajātaḥ.
• 791 ahno 'dantāt 8.4.7 — the n of ahna → ṇ after a repha in an a-ending prior member: sarvāhṇaḥ, pūrvāhṇaḥ; not saṃkhyātāhnaḥ (no repha), not parāhnaḥ (ta-para "adantāt" excludes it).
• 792 kṣubhnādiṣu ca 8.4.39 — ahna is in the kṣubhnādi list, so no ṇatva there: dīrghāhnī (prāvṛṭ) — sparing the need to treat ahna as an adanta imitation.
• 793 na saṃkhyādeḥ samāhāre 5.4.89 — no ahna-substitute for a numeral-first samāhāra compound: dvyahaḥ, tryahaḥ.
• 794 uttamaikābhyāṃ ca 5.4.90 — and no ahna-substitute after uttama/eka (uttama = the last item, puṇya; upāntya too per some): puṇyāham, sudināham, ekāhaḥ, saṃkhyātāhaḥ.

N. samāsānta affixes II — ṭaC/ṭac after uras, an-stems, takṣan, śvan, sakthi, nau, khārī, añjali, brahman — running example: aśvānām ura iva → aśvorasam; grāmasya takṣā → grāmatakṣaḥ

• 795 agrākhyāyām urasaḥ 5.4.93 — ṬaC on a tatpuruṣa ending in uras meaning "chief": aśvorasam ("the chief horse").
• 796 ano 'śmāyassarasāṃ jātisaṃjñayoḥ 5.4.94 — ṭaC on an/aśman/ayas/saras-final compounds in a class or name sense: upānasam, amṛtāśmaḥ, kālāyasam, maṇḍūkasarasam; names mahānasam, piṇḍāśmaḥ, lohitāyasam, jalasarasam.
• 797 grāmakauṭābhyāṃ ca takṣṇaḥ 5.4.95 — ṭaC on takṣan after grāma/kauṭa: grāmatakṣaḥ, kauṭatakṣaḥ.
• 798 ateḥ śunaḥ 5.4.96 — ṭaC on śvan after ati: atiśvo (varāhaḥ), atiśvī (senā).
• 799 upamānād aprāṇiṣu 5.4.97 — ṭaC on śvan after a non-living upamāna: ākarṣaśva; not vānaraśvā (living upamāna).
• 800 uttaramṛgapūrvāc ca sakthnaḥ 5.4.98 — ṭac on sakthi after uttara/mṛga/pūrva (and, by ca, an upamāna): uttarasaktham, mṛgasaktham, pūrvasaktham, phalakasaktham.
• 801 nāvo dvigoḥ 5.4.99 — ṭac on a dvigu ending in nau (not under taddhita-luk): dvināvarūpyaḥ, dvināvam, trināvam; not pañcanauḥ.
• 802 ardhāc ca 5.4.100 — ṬaC on nau after ardha: nāvo'rdhaṃ → ardhanāvam (n. by usage).
• 803 khāryāḥ prācām 5.4.101 — ṭac optionally on a dvigu/ardha-first compound ending in khārī: dvikhāram / dvikhāri, ardhakhāram / ardhakhāri.
• 804 dvitribhyām añjaleḥ 5.4.102 — ṭaC optionally on a dvigu with añjali after dvi/tri (not under taddhita-luk): dvyañjalam / dvyañjali; not dvyañjaliḥ (taddhita-luk).
• 805 brahmaṇo jānapadākhyāyām 5.4.104 — ṭaC on a tatpuruṣa ending in brahman denoting regional origin: surāṣṭrabrahmaḥ.
• 806 kumahadbhyām anyatarasyām 5.4.105 — ṭaC optionally on brahman after ku/mahat: kubrahmaḥ / kubrahmā.

O. uttarapada operations — mahat → mahā and the numeral sandhi (dvi/tri/aṣṭan) — running example: mahat + devaḥ → mahādevaḥ; dvi + daśa → dvādaśa

• 807 ānmahataḥ samānādhikaraṇajātīyayoḥ 6.3.46 — mahat → mahā before a co-referential uttarapada and before jātīya: mahādevaḥ, mahābrahmaḥ, mahājātīyaḥ; not mahatsevā (genitive). Vārttikas add ghāsa/kara/viśiṣṭa (mahāghāsaḥ), aṣṭan+kapāla (aṣṭākapālaḥ), aṣṭan+go-yukta (aṣṭāgavam).
• 808 dvyaṣṭanaḥ saṃkhyāyām abahuvrīhyaśītyoḥ 6.3.47 — dvi/aṣṭan → dvā/aṣṭā before a numeral (except bahuvrīhi and aśīti, and only up to śata): dvādaśa, dvāviṃśatiḥ, aṣṭādaśa; not dvitrāḥ, dvyaśītiḥ, dviśatam.
• 809 trestrayaḥ 6.3.48 — tri → trayas in the prior-member slot (up to śata, not bahuvrīhi): trayodaśa, trayoviṃśatiḥ; not tridaśāḥ (bahuvrīhi), tryaśītiḥ, triśatam.
• 810 vibhāṣā catvāriṃśatprabhṛtau sarveṣām 6.3.49 — for dvi/aṣṭan/tri the change is optional before catvāriṃśat etc.: dvicatvāriṃśat / dvācatvāriṃśat, tricatvāriṃśat / trayaścatvāriṃśat.
• 811 ekādiś caikasya cāduk 6.3.76 — an eka-first element keeps the nañ (na un-elided) and eka takes augment aduk: ekena na viṃśatiḥ → ekānnaviṃśatiḥ / ekādnaviṃśatiḥ ("nineteen"). Vārttika (ṣaṣ + datṛ/daśa/dhā, uttva): ṣoḍan, ṣoḍaśa, ṣoḍhā, ṣaḍdhā.

P. Gender and number of the finished compound, I — paravalliṅga, the masculine-only tatpuruṣas, and the number atideśas — running example: ardhapippalī; ahaś ca rātriś ca → ahorātraḥ

• 812 paravalliṅgaṃ dvandvatatpuruṣayoḥ 2.4.26 — a dvandva/tatpuruṣa takes the gender of its last member: kukkuṭamayūryau (f.), mayūrīkukkuṭau (m.), ardhapippalī (f.). Vārttika: prohibition for dvigu/prāpta/āpanna/alam-first/gati — pañcakapālaḥ, prāptajīvikaḥ, alaṃkumāriḥ, niṣkauśāmbiḥ (all m.).
• 813 pūrvavad aśvavaḍavau 2.4.27 — an aśva-vaḍavā dvandva declines like its last member throughout (the dual not binding): aśvavaḍavau, aśvavaḍavān, aśvavaḍavaiḥ.
• 814 rātrāhnāhāḥ puṃsi 2.4.29 — compounds ending in rātra/ahna/aha are masculine only (also overriding the samāhāra-neuter): ahorātraḥ, pūrvarātraḥ, pūrvāhṇaḥ, dvyahaḥ; but liṅgānuśāsana: dvirātram, trirātram (n.).
• 815 apathaṃ napuṃsakam 2.4.30 — a tatpuruṣa ending in apatha (samāsānta done) is neuter: apatham; not the bahuvrīhi apatho deśaḥ (m.), not un-affixed apanthāḥ.
• 816 ardharcāḥ puṃsi ca 2.4.31 — the ardharcādi words are both masculine and neuter: ardharcaḥ / ardharcam, dhvajaḥ / dhvajam (also tīrtha, śarīra, maṇḍa, pīyūṣa, deha, aṅkuśa, kalaśa…).
• 817 jātyākhyāyām ekasmin bahuvacanam anyatarasyām 1.2.58 — for a class-name a single object optionally takes the plural: brāhmaṇāḥ pūjyāḥ / brāhmaṇaḥ pūjyaḥ.
• 818 asmado dvayoś ca 1.2.59 — asmad optionally takes the plural for one or two: vayaṃ brūmaḥ; else ahaṃ bravīmi, āvāṃ brūvaḥ. Vārttika: not when qualified — paṭur ahaṃ bravīmi.
• 819 phalgunīproṣṭhapadānāṃ ca nakṣatre 1.2.60 — phalgunī/proṣṭhapada as nakṣatras optionally take the plural for the dual: pūrve phalgunyau / pūrvāḥ phalgunyaḥ; not phalgunyau māṇavike.
• 820 tiṣyapunarvasvor nakṣatradvandve bahuvacanasya dvivacanaṃ nityam 1.2.63 — in the tiṣya-punarvasu nakṣatra-dvandva the plural obligatorily becomes dual: tiṣyapunarvasū; not viśākhānūrādhāḥ, not tiṣyapunarvasavo māṇavakāḥ.

Q. Gender of the finished compound, II — the samāhāra-neuter and the tatpuruṣa-neuter rules — running example: pañcagavam; ikṣūṇāṃ chāyā → ikṣucchāyam

• 821 sa napuṃsakam 2.4.17 — a dvigu/dvandva in the samāhāra sense is neuter (apavāda to paravalliṅga): pañcagavam, dantoṣṭham. Vārttikas fix dvigu-feminines (pañcamūlī, pañcakhaṭvam/pañcakhaṭvī, pañcatakṣī), pātrādi-exceptions (pañcapātram, tribhuvanam), ahan-neuters (puṇyāham), pathin-neuters (tripatham, vipatham), and the general-sense neuter (mṛdu pacati).
• 822 tatpuruṣo 'nañ karmadhārayaḥ 2.4.19 — adhikāra: a tatpuruṣa (non-nañ, non-karmadhāraya) is neuter — governs 823–828. No form of its own.
• 823 saṃjñāyāṃ kanthośīnareṣu 2.4.20 — a tatpuruṣa ending in kanthā is neuter, as the name of an Uśīnara settlement: sauśamikantham; not vīraṇakanthā (no name), not dākṣikanthā (not Uśīnara).
• 824 upajñopakramaṃ tadādyācikhyāsāyām 2.4.21 — a tatpuruṣa ending in upajñā/upakrama is neuter when the primacy of the first-known/first-begun is meant: pāṇinyupajñaṃ (granthaḥ), nandopakramaṃ (droṇaḥ).
• 825 chāyā bāhulye 2.4.22 — a tatpuruṣa ending in chāyā is neuter when abundance of the first member is meant: ikṣūṇāṃ chāyā → ikṣucchāyam (apavāda to the option of 828).
• 826 sabhā rājāmanuṣyapūrvā 2.4.23 — a tatpuruṣa ending in sabhā after a rājan-synonym or a non-human word is neuter: inasabham, īśvarasabham, rakṣaḥsabham; not rājasabhā, candraguptasabhā.
• 827 aśālā ca 2.4.24 — a tatpuruṣa ending in sabhā meaning an assemblage (not a hall) is neuter: strīsabham ("assemblage of women"); not dharmasabhā (a hall).
• 828 vibhāṣā senāsurācchāyāśālāniśānām 2.4.25 — a tatpuruṣa ending in senā/surā/chāyā/śālā/niśā is optionally neuter: brāhmaṇasenam / brāhmaṇasenā, yavasuram / yavasurā, kuḍyacchām / kuḍyacchāyā, gośālam / gośālā, śvaniśam / śvaniśā; not dṛḍhaseno rājā (nañ/karmadhāraya carried from 822). Thus ends the tatpuruṣa-prakaraṇa.