हलन्तनपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रकरणम्

Covers SK 443–446 (4 sūtras): all present.

halanta-napuṃsaka-liṅga-prakaraṇa — outline (p13, SK 443–446, all 4 sūtras)

The neuter declension of consonant-ending stems — the neuter mirror of masculine p11. Only four sūtras carry it, because almost every substitution was already fixed in p11; the neuter adds just two things. (i) The ru for the n of ahan (443), which then opens a wide survey of neuter consonant stems declined by cross-reference (daṇḍin, asṛj, ūrj, tyad-ādi, gavāk, yakṛt…). (ii) The num apparatus specific to the neuter: neuter jhal-/ac-final stems take num before a sarvanāmasthāna by napuṃsakasya jhalacaḥ (7.1.72), but a śatṛ-participle is blocked from num after a reduplicated stem by nābhyastāc chatuḥ (7.1.78) — the three num-sūtras (444–446) re-open num for the neuter participle, optionally before a sarvanāmasthāna (444) and before śī/nadī (445), obligatorily before śī/nadī after śap/śyan (446). Four outcome-groups, one per sūtra, in SK order.

A. ahan's final n → ru at pada-end, opening the neuter consonant-stem survey — running example: ahan → ahobhyām / ahobhiḥ; dīrghāhā → dīrghāhā / he dīrghāho

• 443 ahan 8.2.68 — for ahan, its final n → ru at pada-end. Since ratva/rutva are asiddha, na-lopa (nalopaḥ prātipadikāntasya 8.2.7) would else strike the n; the sūtra's doubled "ahan" fixes by nipātana that na-lopa does NOT apply and enjoins ru: aha-ru → visarga/utva → ahaḥ, ahobhyām, ahobhiḥ. Tadanta too: dīrghāhā "long-summered (summer)" (dīrghāṇy ahāni yasmin) — nom. sg. su dropped by hal-ṅyādi, ratva barred by ro'supi (8.2.69, "asupi") so only ru, and ru being asiddha the n-ending upadhā-dīrgha still fires: dīrghāhā; voc. he dīrghāho nidāgha; dīrghāhānau, dīrghāhānaḥ, dīrghāhnā, dīrghāhobhyām.

The unit then walks the neuter mirror of p11 by cross-reference (all still SK 443): in-stems — daṇḍin → daṇḍi (nom. sg., -n dropped), daṇḍinī, daṇḍīni (pl., num + dīrgha); likewise sragvi / sragviṇī / sragvīṇi, vāgmi / vāgminī / vāgmīni; -han/-pūṣan/-aryaman compounds → bahuvṛtrahāṇi, bahupūṣāṇi, bahvaryamāṇi. asṛj "blood" — pada-final kutva (√sṛj takes kvin, so kvinpratyayasya kuḥ 8.2.62): asṛk / asṛg, asṛjī, asṛñji (with num), or by pad-dan… (SK 228) the substitute stem asan → asāni, asnā; asṛjā, asṛgbhyām. ūrj → ūrk / ūrg, ūrji, ūrñji; vārttikas bahūrji num-pratiṣedhaḥ (num barred) and antyāt pūrvo vā num (optional num before the last phoneme) → bahūrji / bahūrñji "families." tyad-ādi neuters — tyat / tyad / tye / tyāni, tat / tad / te / tāni, yat / yad / ye / yāni, etat / etad / ete / etāni; anvādeśa → enat. bebhid (kvip on the intensive of bhid) → bebhit / bebhid / bebhidī: no num — the śit-kvip's al-lopa is sthānivat, so the stem counts as a-jhalanta (blocking jhal-conditioned num) and, sva-vidhi barring sthānivadbhāva, the ac-conditioned num fails too. gavāk (gām añcati, kvin) — the two count-verses reckon 109 neuter forms across the "gati" vs "pūjā/arcā" senses, crossed with non-saṃdhi, avaṅ (avaṅ sphoṭāyanasya SK 88), prakṛti-bhāva (SK 87) and pūrva-rūpa: gavāk / gavāg / go-ak / go'k (gati), gavāṅ / go-aṅ / go'ṅ (pūjā, n→kutva ṅ), dual gocī (bha → al-lopa, SK 416) vs gavāñcī, pl. gavāñci (śi = sarvanāmasthāna → num), loc. pl. gavāṅkṣu / gavāṅṣu / gavākṣu / gokṣu (kuk by SK 130). tiryak → tiryak / tiraścī / tiryañci; yakṛt → yakṛt / yakṛtī / yakṛnti, or pad-dan yakan → yakāni, yaknā; śakṛt likewise; then dadat… hands off to 444.

• Note — this unit's Bālamanoramā block (b1) is a source run-on: its pratīka is hali ca (8.2.77), so b1 actually glosses the ik-penult lengthening (r̥vor upadhāyā dīrgha ikaḥ 8.2.76, carried into hali ca) as applied to pratidiv- → pratidīvnaḥ, pratidīvne, pratidīvnoḥ (the a-lopa not sthānivat in the dīrgha-vidhi by 1.1.58; bahiraṅga-paribhāṣā not invoked), and closes with yajvā declining like rājan — not on ahan/8.2.68 at all.

B. Optional num for the neuter śatṛ-participle after a reduplicated stem, before a sarvanāmasthāna — running example: dadat → dadanti / dadati

• 444 vā napuṃsakasya 7.1.79 — where nābhyastāc chatuḥ (7.1.78) permanently bars num for a śatṛ-stem after an abhyasta, this re-opens it optionally (vā) for the neuter before a sarvanāmasthāna (7.1.78 anuvṛtta minus its nañ; num from idito num dhātoḥ, sarvanāmasthāne from ugidacām 7.1.70; "napuṃsakasya" is a gen. for abl. by vyatyaya). dadat + śi (nom./acc. pl.): with num → anusvāra → parasavarṇa dadanti, without num dadati. Contrast tudat (tud + śa-vikaraṇa, ato guṇe pararūpa → tudat; nom./acc. sg. su/am luk, no pratyaya-lakṣaṇa and no sarvanāmasthāna → no num; jaśtva/cartva).

C. Optional num before śī and nadī (non-sarvanāmasthāna) — running example: tudat → tudantī / tudatī; tudanti

• 445 ācchīnadyor num 7.1.80 — for the aṅga ending in a śatṛ-member that follows an a-varṇa-ending aṅga (āt, abl.), num is added optionally before śī (neuter dual, napuṃsakāc ca 7.1.19) and nadī (fem. long ī) — contexts that are not sarvanāmasthāna, so 7.1.70 gives no num there (śatuḥ from 7.1.78, vā from 7.1.79 anuvṛtta; double tadanta-vidhi via "āt" on aṅgasya and "avayavasya" on śatuḥ; the explicit "num" is spaṣṭārtha). tudat, dual (auṅ → śī): num / no-num → tudantī / tudatī — the stem tuda counts as a-varṇa-ending aṅga (tadādi-grahaṇa folds in the śa-vikaraṇa) and the final t of tudad is the śatṛ-member after it. Neuter pl. tudanti (jaś-śasoḥ śiḥ → śi, a sarvanāmasthāna → num). Also bhāt (√bhā, lug-vikaraṇa; śatṛ for laṭ, savarṇa-dīrgha → bhāt; su/am luk) → dual bhāntī / bhātī, pl. bhānti; and pacat (√pac, śap, ato guṇe pararūpa → pacat; su/am luk, no num).

D. Obligatory num before śī / nadī after śap or śyan, and the residual neuter consonant-stem paradigms — running example: pac (śap) → pacantī (not pacatī); div (śyan) → dīvyantī

• 446 śapśyanor nityam 7.1.81 — for the śatṛ-member following the a of śap or śyan, num is obligatory (nityam) before śī/nadī (apavāda to the mere option of 445): pac + śap + śatṛ, dual → pacantī (num compulsory, never pacatī), pl. pacanti; div + śyan + śatṛ → dīvyat, dīvyantī, dīvyanti.

*The unit then closes the prakaraṇa with the general neuter consonant-stem paradigms (num by napuṃsakasya jhalacaḥ 7.1.72 before śi; num → anusvāra → parasavarṇa):* svap → svap / svab (nom. sg., jaśtva), svapī (du.); pl.: though num is nitya and para, the aptṛn dīrgha (SK 277) applies before num as pratipadokta → svāmpi, but on the "niravakāśatva = pratipadokta" view (here lacking) only num → svampi; svapā, svadbhyām / svadbhiḥ (apo bhi SK 442). dhanus (dhan + us; ru) → dhanuḥ, dhanuṣī (du.), dhanūṃṣi (pl., penult dīrgha by SK 317, ṣatva across num by num-visarjanīya-śar-vyavāye'pi 8.3.58), dhanuṣā, dhanurbhyām; likewise cakṣus, havis. pipaṭhīḥ (kvip on the desiderative of paṭh; r̥voḥ… SK 433 dīrgha) → pipaṭhīḥ, pipaṭhiṣī (du.); pl. pipaṭhiṣi without num — al-lopa sthānivat makes the stem non-jhalanta (jhal-num barred), and sva-vidhi denies sthānivadbhāva for the ac-num too; pipaṭhīrbhyām. payas → payaḥ, payasī, payāṃsi, payasā, payobhyām. supums → supum, supuṃsī, supumāṃsi. adas → adaḥ; after the vibhakti-kārya, utva + matva (d→m) → amū (du.), amūni (pl.); the rest like the masculine (śeṣaṃ puṃvat).