हलन्तपुंलिङ्गप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 324–439 (116 sūtras): all present.

halanta-puṃliṅga-prakaraṇa — outline (p11, SK 324–439, all 116 sūtras)

Deriving the masculine declension of every consonant-ending stem by running it through the twenty-one sup. SK walks the finals: h (lih, duh, druh, nah, uṣṇih), the saṃprasāraṇa vāh (viśvavāh), the augment-taking catur / anaḍuh / sah / div, then l- and m-finals (kamal, praśān); the pronouns kim, idam, adas and yuṣmad / asmad; the n-finals (rājan, vṛtrahan, maghavan, yuvan, arvan); pathin / mathin / ṛbhukṣin; the numerals ṣaṭ (pañcan, aṣṭan); the kvin/kutva root-stems (yuj, ṛtvij, rāj); the añc-finals (prāñc, pratyañc, tiryaṅ) with the pād bha-stem; the atu/as and reduplicated participles (dhīmat, dadat); the residual dṛś/naś/spṛś roots; and closes with puṃs and adas. Seventeen outcome-groups, kept close to SK order. Ordering notes: (i) group C threads catur as its running stem though SK interleaves catur (331, 337–340), anaḍuh (331–334), sah (335) and div (336–337); the parallel stems are handled inside it. (ii) group I runs to 381 because SK 380's kaumudī itself opens the d-final tyad-ādi demonstratives that 381 operates on. Saṃjñā/adhikāra/paribhāṣā sūtras sit where they first bite.

A. h-final masculines — the ḍha / gh / bhaṣ pada-final substitutions — running example: duh "milker" → dhuk / dhug (also lih → liṭ, druh → dhruk, nah → upānat)

• 324 ho ḍhaḥ 8.2.31 — h → ḍha before a jhal and at pada-end. lih + su → su-lopa (halṅyādi, SK252) → pada-final h → ḍha → jaśtva (ḍh→ḍ) → cartva (ḍ→ṭ): liṭ / liḍ (nom. sg.); before a vowel h stays: lihau, lihaḥ. (nah → upānat by the apavāda naho dhaḥ; uṣṇih → uṣṇiṭ / uṣṇik.)
• 325 dāder dhātor ghaḥ 8.2.32 — the h of a dhātu that began with d in upadeśa → gh (before jhal / pada-end). This underlies adhok (duh, d-initial at enunciation); the "in upadeśa" clause blocks gh for the secondary d-stem dāmaliṭ.
• 326 ekāco baśo bhaṣ jhaṣantasya sdhvoḥ 8.2.37 — in a monosyllabic jhaṣ-ending root-portion the baś (unaspirated voiced) → bhaṣ (voiced aspirate) before s, dhv, or pada-end. duh (jhaṣ-final by vyapadeśivadbhāva): d → dh → jaśtva/cartva → dhuk / dhug (nom. sg.); dhukṣu (loc. pl.); cf. dugdham, dogdhā.
• 327 vā druhamuhaṣṇuhaṣṇihām 8.2.33 — for druh, muh, ṣṇuh, ṣṇih the final h → gh optionally (else ḍha by 324). druh → dhruk / dhrug (gh-option), dhruṭ / dhruḍ (ḍha-option); druhau, dhrugbhyām, dhruḍbhyām, dhrukṣu; likewise muh, ṣṇuh, ṣṇih, and viśvavāh → viśvavāṭ / viśvavāḍ.

B. The vāh-stem — saṃprasāraṇa to ūṭh — running example: viśvavāh → viśvauhaḥ

• 328 ig yaṇaḥ samprasāraṇam 1.1.45 — saṃjñā: an ik vowel standing in place of a yaṇ is termed saṃprasāraṇa. (Names the ū that will replace the v of vāh; the saṃjñā is reused at 362, 435.)
• 329 vāha ūṭh 6.4.132 — for the vāh of a bha stem the saṃprasāraṇa substitute is ūṭh (ū). viśvavāh (bha) → the va → ū: viśva-ū-h.
• 330 samprasāraṇāc ca 6.1.108 — after a saṃprasāraṇa vowel, a following ac → the pūrva-rūpa (the single substitute is the prior vowel); the a of viśva + ū then → vṛddhi au by ety-edhaty-ūṭsu (SK73): viśvauhaḥ, viśvauhā.

C. catur, anaḍuh, sah, div — the ām / num / am / d augment-and-substitution stems (with l- and m-finals) — running example: catur → catvāraḥ, caturṇṇām, caturṣu

• 331 catur-anaḍuhorām udāttaḥ 7.1.98 — catur and anaḍuh take the udātta augment ām in the sarvanāmasthāna: catur+jas → catvāraḥ (nom. pl.); anaḍuh → anaḍvāhau, anaḍvāhaḥ.
• 332 sāv anaḍuhaḥ 7.1.82 — anaḍuh takes augment num before su; su-lopa, no d (334 barred by num-sāmarthya), no na-lopa (saṃyogānta-lopa asiddha): anaḍvān (nom. sg.).
• 333 am sambuddhau 7.1.99 — in the voc. sg. the augment for catur/anaḍuh is am (apavāda to ām): he anaḍvan; anaḍuhā (inst. sg.).
• 334 vasu-sraṃsu-dhvaṃsv-anaḍuhāṃ daḥ 8.2.72 — pada-final d for a vasu/s-ending word and for sraṃs, dhvaṃs, anaḍuh: anaḍudbhyām (excludes srastam, vidvān).
• 335 saheḥ sāḍaḥ saḥ 8.3.56 — the s of √sah, when the stem stands as sāḍ, → ṣ: turā-sah → turāṣāṭ / turāṣāḍ (nom. sg.), turāsāhau, turāsāhaḥ.
• 336 diva aut 7.1.84 — the final v of stem div → au before su; no su-lopa (al-vidhi blocks sthānivadbhāva): sudyauḥ (nom. sg.), sudivau, sudivaḥ.
• 337 diva ut 6.1.131 — the v of div → u at pada-end: su-div+bhyām → sudyubhyām, sudyubhiḥ. (catur: catvāraḥ nom. pl., caturaḥ acc. pl., caturbhiḥ, caturbhyaḥ.)
• 338 ṣaṭ-caturbhyaś ca 7.1.55 — after a ṣaṭ-word or catur, the ām (gen. pl.) takes augment nuṭ; then ṇatva + doubling: caturṇṇām.
• 339 roḥ supi 8.3.16 — before a sup the visarjanīya replaces only ru, not the ordinary r; so catur's r survives (not → visarga) and feeds ṣatva in the loc. pl.
• 340 śaro 'ci 8.4.49 — a śar (ś ṣ s) is not doubled before a vowel: catur+su → caturṣu (loc. pl.); bahuvrīhi priyacatvāḥ, he priyacatvaḥ, priyacatvārau, gauṇa gen. pl. priyacaturām (no nuṭ). (l-final: kamal "namer of kamala" → kamal, kamalau, kamalaḥ, ṣatva in kamalṣu.)
• 341 mo no dhātoḥ 8.2.64 — a dhātu's final m → n at pada-end; this natva asiddha, so no na-lopa: praśām "calm one" → praśān (nom. sg.), praśāmau, praśāmaḥ, praśānbhyām.

D. The pronouns kim and idam — running example: idam → ayam / imau / ime / anena / asmai / ebhiḥ / eṣām

• 342 kimaḥ kaḥ 7.2.103 — the m-final kim → ka before a vibhakti (even with akac); declines exactly like sarva: kaḥ, kau, ke, kam, kān.
• 343 idamo maḥ 7.2.108 — for idam, its m → m before su (apavāda to tyadādi-atva): idam keeps its m.
• 344 ido 'y puṃsi 7.2.111 — in the masc. the id of idam → ay before su; su-lopa: ayam (nom. sg.).
• 345 daś ca 7.2.109 — the d of idam → m before a vibhakti: imau (nom. du.), ime (nom. pl.).
• 346 anāp yakaḥ 7.2.112 — for the id of a ka-less idam, the substitute an before āp (the endings from ṭā on): anena (inst. sg.).
• 347 hali lopaḥ 7.2.113 — the id of idam is elided before a hal-initial āp-ending: feeds asmai, ābhyām.
• 348 ādyantavad ekasmin 1.1.21 — paribhāṣā: an operation on a single element applies as if at its beginning/end (also jñāpaka for vyapadeśivadbhāva): ābhyām.
• 349 nedam-adasor akoḥ 7.1.11 — no ais for bhis after a ka-less idam/adas: idam inst. pl. ebhiḥ (etva, not aiḥ); then asmai (smai), ābhyām, ebhyaḥ, asmāt, asya, anayoḥ, eṣām, asmin, eṣu; with ka the ais returns → imakaiḥ.
• 350 idamo 'nvādeśe 'śan udāttas tṛtīyādau 2.4.32 — in an anvādeśa (anaphoric back-reference) idam → the anudātta aś before the inst. and following cases (ś-marked, for the akac-form).
• 351 dvitīyāṭaussv enaḥ 2.4.34 — idam/etad → ena before acc., ṭā (inst. sg.) and os in an anvādeśa: enam, enau, enān, enena, enayoḥ. (kaumudī then opens the ṇ-final sugaṇ and the n-final rājan: upadhā-dīrgha, hal-ṅyādi-lopa, na-lopa → rājā.)

E. The n-final stems — na-lopa and its blocks — running example: rājan → rājā / he rājan / rājñe (also yajvan → yajvā, brahman → brahmaṇaḥ)

• 352 na ṅi-sambuddhyoḥ 8.2.8 — the prātipadika-final na-lopa (8.2.7) does not apply before ṅi (loc. sg.) or in the sambuddhi: he rājan (voc. sg.); Vedic loc. parame vyoman.
• 353 na lopaḥ sup-svara-saṃjñā-tug-vidhiṣu kṛti 8.2.2 — the na-lopa is asiddha only in a sub-vidhi, svara-vidhi, saṃjñā, and kṛt-tuk operation. Being asiddha in the sub-context, dīrgha/etva/aistva do not fire: rājabhyām, rājabhiḥ, rājñe, rājñaḥ, rājñoḥ, rājñām, rājñi / rājani; but rājāśva (na-lopa siddha → savarṇa-dīrgha).
• 354 hali ca 8.2.77 — the ik penult of an r/v-ending dhātu-stem is lengthened before a hal too (with r̥vor… 8.2.76); a-lopa not sthānivat (dīrgha-vidhi): pratidivan (bha) → pratidīvnaḥ, pratidīvne; yajvā, yajvānau, yajvānaḥ.
• 355 na saṃyogād vamantāt 6.4.137 — the a of -an is not elided after a conjunct ending in v or m: yajvanaḥ, yajvanā, yajvabhyām (yajvan); brahmaṇaḥ, brahmaṇā, brahmabhyām (brahman).

F. The in-/han-/an-final class — han-kutva, num for ugit, saṃprasāraṇa — running example: vṛtrahan → vṛtrahā / vṛtrahaṇau / vṛtraghnaḥ (also maghavan, yuvan, arvan)

• 356 in-han-pūṣāryamṇāṃ śau 6.4.12 — for in-, han, pūṣan, aryaman the penult is lengthened only before śi (a niṣedha for the other sarvanāmasthānas).
• 357 sau ca 6.4.13 — and before su (non-voc.) their penult lengthens: vṛtrahā (nom. sg.); voc. he vṛtrahan; ṇatva (SK307) → vṛtrahaṇau, vṛtrahaṇaḥ, vṛtrahaṇam.
• 358 ho hanter ñṇinneṣu 7.3.54 — the h of √han → ku (guttural) before a ñit/ṇit affix and before n: sets up the weak vṛtraghn-.
• 359 hanter at-pūrvasya 8.4.22 — (yoga-vibhāga) the n of han after a preverb r/ṣ → ṇ (prahaṇyāt), but only when at-preceded (praghnanti, not ṇ); a-lopa not sthānivat under the kutva → vṛtraghnaḥ, vṛtraghnā.
• 360 maghavā bahulam 6.4.128 — for maghavan the final → tṛ (t) variously (ṛ an it): the no-num nom. sg. maghavā.
• 361 ugid-acāṃ sarvanāmasthāne 'dhātoḥ 7.1.70 — a non-dhātu ugit (and the n-losing añc) takes num before a sarvanāmasthāna; then upadhā-dīrgha: maghavān (nom. sg.), maghavantau, maghavantaḥ, weak maghavataḥ, maghavatā, maghavadbhyām.
• 362 śva-yuva-maghonām ataddhite 6.4.133 — for śvan, yuvan, maghavan (bha, non-taddhita) the va → saṃprasāraṇa (u); then pūrvarūpa (330) + guṇa (69): maghavan → maghonaḥ, maghonā; śvan → śunaḥ, śunā; yuvan → (utva) …
• 363 na samprasāraṇe samprasāraṇam 6.1.37 — a yaṇ is not saṃprasāraṇa'd when a saṃprasāraṇa follows (the ya does not → i); jñāpaka that the final yaṇ's saṃprasāraṇa fires first: yuvan → yūnaḥ, yūnā; arvan → arvā, he arvan.
• 364 arvaṇas trasāv anañaḥ 6.4.127 — arvan (not nañ-preceded) → tṛ for its final before non-su endings; ugit → num: arvantau, arvantaḥ, arvantam, weak arvataḥ, arvatā; but anarvā (nañ, declines like yajvan).

G. pathin, mathin, ṛbhukṣin — running example: pathin → panthāḥ / pathaḥ

• 365 pathi-mathy-ṛbhukṣām āt 7.1.85 — pathin, mathin, ṛbhukṣin take final ā (antādeśa, non-nasal) before su.
• 366 ito 't sarvanāmasthāne 7.1.86 — their i → short a before a sarvanāmasthāna.
• 367 tho nthaḥ 7.1.87 — the th of pathin/mathin → ntha before a sarvanāmasthāna: panthāḥ, panthānau, panthānaḥ, panthānam.
• 368 bhasya ṭer lopaḥ 7.1.88 — a bha-stem such as pathin drops its ṭi (the final -in): pathaḥ, pathā, pathibhyām; manthāḥ, ṛbhukṣāḥ; fem. supathī; neut. supathi vanam (no ā, pratyaya-lakṣaṇa blocked by SK263).

H. The numerals ṣaṭ — pañcan, aṣṭan — running example: pañcan → pañca / pañcānām; aṣṭan → aṣṭau

• 369 ṣṇāntā ṣaṭ 1.1.24 — a numeral ending in ṣ or n is ṣaṭ; then ṣaḍbhyo luk (SK261) drops jas/śas: pañca (nom./acc.); excludes the non-numeral vipruṣaḥ, pāmānaḥ.
• 370 nopadhāyāḥ 6.4.7 — an n-final stem lengthens its penult before nām; then na-lopa: pañcānām; pañcasu; gauṇa priya-pañcā, priya-pañcānau (no luk/nuṭ).
• 371 aṣṭana ā vibhaktau 7.2.84 — aṣṭan → final ā before a hal-initial vibhakti: aṣṭābhiḥ, aṣṭābhyaḥ, aṣṭānām, aṣṭāsu.
• 372 aṣṭābhya auś 7.1.21 — after aṣṭā, jas/śas → au(ś) (sarvādeśa): aṣṭau (nom./acc. pl.); the ā is optional (jñāpaka), else aṣṭa like pañca; gauṇa priyāṣṭnaḥ, priyāṣṭābhyām. (kaumudī appends the dh-final budh, by bhaṣ-bhāva: bhut / bhud, budhau, budhaḥ, bhudbhyām, bhutsu.)

I. Root-derived kvin/kvip stems and the kutva apparatus (then the d-final tyad-ādi) — running example: yuj → yuṅ (asamāsa) / su-yuk (compound); ṛtvij → ṛtvik, rāj → rāṭ; then tyad → syaḥ

• 373 ṛtvig-dadhṛk-srag-dig-uṣṇig-añcu-yuji-kruñcāṃ ca 3.2.59 — kvin after the roots giving ṛtvij, dadhṛś, sṛj, diś, uṣṇih, añc, yuj, kruñc (nipātana licenses their irregular forms).
• 374 kṛd atiṅ 3.1.93 — saṃjñā: a non-tiṅ affix under the dhātu-adhikāra is kṛt (so kvin is a kṛt).
• 375 ver apṛktasya 6.1.67 — an apṛkta vi (the v of kvin/kvip) is elided; the residue is a prātipadika (SK179) and takes sup.
• 376 yujer asamāse 7.1.71 — √yuj uncompounded takes num before a sarvanāmasthāna; su-lopa + saṃyogānta-lopa (SK54) give the yuṅ base.
• 377 kvin-pratyayasya kuḥ 8.2.62 — a kvin-stem's pada-final → ku (guttural): the num-n → ṅ → yuṅ (nom. sg.); ṛtvik; strong (num → anusvāra → parasavarṇa ñ) yuñjau, yuñjaḥ, yuñjam, weak yujaḥ, yugbhyām.
• 378 coḥ kuḥ 8.2.30 — a cu (palatal) → ku before jhal / pada-end: compound su-yuj → su-yuk / su-yug, su-yujau, su-yujaḥ; rāj → rāṭ / rāḍ, rājau, rājaḥ; also viśvasṛṭ, parivrāṭ, payomuk.
• 379 viśvasya vasu-rāṭoḥ 6.3.128 — the final a of viśva is lengthened before vasu or rāj(rāṭ): viśvāvasu; viśvārāṭ / viśvārāḍ, viśvarājau, viśvarājaḥ.
• 380 skoḥ saṃyogādyor ante ca 8.2.29 — the s or k standing first in a conjunct is elided at pada-end / before jhal: bhrasj → bhṛṭ / bhṛḍ, bhṛjjau, bhṛjjaḥ; ṛtvij → ṛtvik, ṛtvijau; ūrj → ūrk / ūrg, ūrjau (rāt-sasya restricts, no lopa of j). (kaumudī opens the d-final tyad: tyadādy-atva + pararūpa.)
• 381 tador saḥ sāv anantyayoḥ 7.2.106 — the non-final ta/da of a tyad-ādi pronoun → s before su: tyad → syaḥ, tyau, tye, tyam, tyān; tad → saḥ, tau, te; etad → eṣaḥ, etau, ete; yad (no ta) → yaḥ; anvādeśa etad → enam, enena, enayoḥ.

J. yuṣmad and asmad, I — the nom./acc. substitutions — running example: yuṣmad → tvam / yuvām / yūyam / tvām / yuṣmān (asmad → aham, āvām, vayam, mām, asmān)

• 382 ṅe prathamayor am 7.1.28 — after yuṣmad/asmad, am replaces ṅe (dat. sg.) and the endings of the nom. and acc.
• 383 maparyantasya 7.2.91 — adhikāra: the following substitutions act on the stem-portion up to its m (ma-paryanta).
• 384 tvāhau sau 7.2.94 — before su, yuṣmad → tva, asmad → aha (up to m).
• 385 śeṣe lopaḥ 7.2.90 — elsewhere the final of yuṣmad/asmad is elided; then ato guṇe (SK191) + ami pūrvaḥ (SK194): tvam, aham; paramatvam, atitvam (no ṭāp — the words are genderless).
• 386 yuvāvau dvivacane 7.2.92 — in the dual, yuṣmad → yuva, asmad → āva (up to m).
• 387 prathamāyāś ca dvivacane bhāṣāyām 7.2.88 — nom.-du. final → ā (in the bhāṣā): yuvām, āvām; ma-paryanta secures yuvakām, āvakām (sākacka).
• 388 yūya-vayau jasi 7.2.93 — before jas, yuṣmad → yūya, asmad → vaya: yūyam, vayam (no śī, by the aṅga-kārya paribhāṣā).
• 389 tva-māv ekavacane 7.2.97 — in the sg., yuṣmad → tva, asmad → ma (up to m).
• 390 dvitīyāyāṃ ca 7.2.87 — acc. final → ā: tvām, mām, yuvām, āvām.
• 391 śaso na 7.1.29 — acc. pl. śas → na; then ādeḥ parasya (SK44), saṃyogānta-lopa (SK54): yuṣmān, asmān.

K. yuṣmad and asmad, II — the oblique substitutions — running example: tvayā / yuvābhyām / tubhyam / tvat / yuṣmat / tava / yuṣmākam

• 392 yo 'ci 7.2.89 — before a non-substitute vowel-ending the final → y: tvayā, mayā (inst. sg.).
• 393 yuṣmad-asmador anādeśe 7.2.86 — before a non-substitute hal-ending the final → ā: yuvābhyām, āvābhyām, yuṣmābhiḥ, asmābhiḥ.
• 394 tubhya-mahyau ṅayi 7.2.95 — before ṅe (dat. sg.), yuṣmad → tubhya, asmad → mahya (ending → am): tubhyam, mahyam; du. yuvābhyām, āvābhyām.
• 395 bhyaso bhyam 7.1.30 — dat./abl. pl. bhyas → bhyam (or abhyam): yuṣmabhyam, asmabhyam.
• 396 ekavacanasya ca 7.1.32 — abl. sg. (ṅasi) → at: tvat, mat; abl. du. yuvābhyām, āvābhyām.
• 397 pañcamyā at 7.1.31 — abl. pl. bhyas → at: yuṣmat, asmat.
• 398 tava-mamau ṅasi 7.2.96 — before ṅas (gen. sg.), yuṣmad → tava, asmad → mama (up to m).
• 399 yuṣmad-asmadbhyāṃ ṅaso 'ś 7.1.27 — gen. sg. ṅas → aś: tava, mama; gen./loc. du. yuvayoḥ, āvayoḥ.
• 400 sāma ākam 7.1.33 — the sa-suṭ ām (gen. pl.) → ākam: yuṣmākam, asmākam; loc. sg. tvayi, mayi; loc. pl. yuṣmāsu, asmāsu. (Four summary verses + the full ati-tvad / ati-yuṣmad compound paradigms.)

L. The accent adhikāra and the enclitic substitutes — running example: te / me / vām / nau / vaḥ / naḥ / tvā / mā

• 401 padasya 8.1.16 — adhikāra: the following operations are "of a pada."
• 402 padāt 8.1.17 — adhikāra: the conditioning left-context is "after a pada."
• 403 anudāttaṃ sarvam apādādau 8.1.18 — adhikāra: everything not at a pāda's start is anudātta (scopes the enclitic substitutions).
• 404 yuṣmad-asmadoḥ ṣaṣṭhī-caturthī-dvitīyā-sthayor vāṃ nau 8.1.20 — in gen./dat./acc., after a pada and not pāda-initial, yuṣmad → vām, asmad → nau (anudātta).
• 405 bahuvacanasya vas-nasau 8.1.21 — in the pl. yuṣmad → vas, asmad → nas (apavāda to vām/nau): vaḥ, naḥ.
• 406 te-mayāv ekavacanasya 8.1.22 — gen./dat. sg. → yuṣmad te, asmad me.
• 407 tvā-māv dvitīyāyāḥ 8.1.23 — acc. sg. → yuṣmad tvā, asmad mā. (Illustrative verses run tvā, mā, te, me, vām, nau, vaḥ, naḥ.)
• 408 na cavāhāhaivayukte 8.1.24 — the enclitics are blocked when joined to ca, vā, ha, aha, eva: tvāṃ māṃ ca rakṣatu (full forms); a mere indirect join still allows them (me).
• 409 paśyārthaiś cānālocane 8.1.25 — blocked with paśya-verbs in a non-visual sense: cetasā tvām samīkṣate; but visual bhaktas tvā paśyati cakṣuṣā (enclitic returns).
• 410 sapūrvāyāḥ prathamāyā vibhāṣā 8.1.26 — after a nom. word that has a present word before it, the enclitics are optional (even in anvādeśa): hari tvāṃ trāyate / tvā.

M. The āmantrita (vocative) accent-suppression sūtras — running example: agne naya / hare dayālo naḥ pāhi

• 411 sāmantritam 2.3.48 — the address-nominative (and, by paribhāṣā, the tadanta word) is āmantrita (vocative).
• 412 āmantritaṃ pūrvam avidyamānavat 8.1.72 — a preceding āmantrita is treated as non-existent for the accent rules: in agne naya, agna indra… the yuṣmad/asmad substitution and the nighātas do not fire; but rakṣa deva naḥ gets naḥ on the strength of the prior rakṣa.
• 413 nāmantrite samānādhikaraṇe sāmānya-vacanam 8.1.73 — a co-referential qualificand is not treated as non-existent before an āmantrita: hare dayālo naḥ pāhi; a plural qualificand is optionally existent (yūyaṃ… devāḥ, vo bhaje). (kaumudī opens su-pād: supāt / supād, supādau, supādaḥ, supādam.)

N. The bha-stem operations — pād → pad and the añc-finals — running example: prāñc (pra+añc) → prāṅ / prāñcau / prācaḥ / pratīcaḥ (also pratyañc, tiryaṅ, samyaṅ, sadhryaṅ, pād → pad)

• 414 pādaḥ pat 6.4.130 — a bha-stem ending in pād → pad: supadaḥ, supadā, supadbhyām; likewise agnimath → agnimat, agnimathau, agnimathaḥ.
• 415 aniditāṃ hala upadhāyāḥ kṅiti 6.4.24 — a hal-final anidit aṅga drops its penult n before a kṅit affix: pra+añc → num (361) → saṃyogānta-lopa (54) → kutva (377) → prāṅ (nom. sg.); strong prāñcau, prāñcaḥ, prāñcam.
• 416 acaḥ 6.4.138 — the a of the n-dropped añc is elided in the bha-context: prāñc → weak prāc-.
• 417 cau 6.3.138 — the preceding aṇ is lengthened before that ā-and-n-less añc: prācaḥ, prācā, prāgbhyām; pratyañc → pratyaṅ, pratyañcau, weak pratīcaḥ, pratīcā (akṛtavyūha bars antaraṅga yaṇ).
• 418 viṣvag-devayoś ca ṭer adry añcatāv apratyaye 6.3.92 — the ṭi of viṣvac, deva, and a sarvanāman → adri before affix-less añc: adas → ad-adri-añc → yaṇ (adadry-añc).
• 419 adaso 'ser dād u do maḥ 8.2.80 — for adas (in -as) the post-d vowel → u/ū and d → m: adas+añc → amumuyaṅ, amumuyañcau, amumuyañcaḥ, weak amumuīcaḥ, amumuīcā; the mutva asiddha, so no yaṇ; jñāpaka yields ayaskāraḥ; udañc → udaṅ, udañcau, udañcaḥ.
• 420 uda īt 6.4.139 — after ud the a of the n-less bha añc → ī: udīcaḥ, udīcā, udagbhyām.
• 421 samaḥ sami 6.3.93 — sam → sami before the va-affix añc: samyaṅ, samyañcau, samyañcaḥ, weak samīcaḥ, samīcā.
• 422 sahasya sadhriḥ 6.3.95 — saha → sadhri before the va-affix añc: sadhryaṅ.
• 423 tirasas tiry alope 6.3.94 — tiras → tiri before the va-affix añc whose a is un-elided: tiryaṅ, tiryañcau, tiryañcaḥ, tiryañcam, weak tiraścaḥ, tiraścā, tiryagbhyām.
• 424 nāñceḥ pūjāyām 6.4.30 — in the pūjā sense añc keeps its penult n (so no num, no a-lopa): prāṅ, prāñcau, prāñcaḥ, prāñcā, prāṅbhyām, prāṅkṣu; kruñc → kruṅ, kruñcau; suvṛśc → suvṛṭ / suvṛḍ. (kaumudī closes with the śatṛvat pṛṣat/mahat: mahān, mahāntau, weak mahataḥ.)

O. atu-/as-final and reduplicated stems — dīrgha and num-blocks — running example: dhīmat → dhīmān; bhavat → bhavān; dadat

• 425 atv-asantasya cādhātoḥ 6.4.14 — the penult of a non-dhātu atu/as-final stem is lengthened before non-voc. su (dīrgha over the para-nitya num): dhīmān, dhīmantau, dhīmantaḥ, voc. he dhīman; gomān, bhavān, bhavantau; but śatṛ-final bhavan (not atu → no dīrgha).
• 426 ubhe abhyastam 6.1.5 — saṃjñā: the two reduplicative members taken together are abhyasta.
• 427 nābhyastāc chatuḥ 7.1.78 — no num for the śatṛ after an abhyasta: dadat, dadad, dadatau, dadataḥ.
• 428 jakṣity-ādayaḥ ṣaṭ 6.1.6 — jakṣ plus six more roots are abhyasta: jakṣat, jakṣad, jāgrat, daridrat, śāsat, cakāsat (dīdhyat, vevyat by vyatyaya); (p-final gup → gup / gub, gupau, gubbhyām).

P. Residual root-stems — dṛś, naś, spṛś and the ṣatva/dīrgha/saṃprasāraṇa cleanup — running example: tādṛś → tādṛk; spṛś → ghṛtaspṛk; pipaṭhīḥ; cikīḥ; vidvān / viduṣaḥ

• 429 tyadādiṣu dṛśo 'nālocane kañ ca 3.2.60 — with a tyad-ādi upapada, √dṛś in a non-visual sense takes kañ (and, by ca, kvin): builds tā-dṛś-.
• 430 ā sarvanāmnaḥ 6.3.91 — a sarvanāman's final → ā before dṛś/dṛśa/vatu: tad → tādṛk / tādṛg, tādṛśau, tādṛśaḥ (kutva asiddha → ṣatva → jaśtva → kutva → cartva); viś → viṭ / viḍ, viśau, viśaḥ, viśam.
• 431 naśer vā 8.2.63 — naś's pada-final → ku optionally: nak / nag / naṭ / naḍ, naśau, naśaḥ, nagbhyām, naḍbhyām.
• 432 spṛśo 'nudake kvin 3.2.58 — √spṛś (upapada ≠ udaka) takes kvin: ghṛtaspṛk / ghṛtaspṛg, ghṛtaspṛśau, ghṛtaspṛśaḥ; kvip spṛk; dadhṛṣ → dadhṛk, dadhṛṣau; ratnamuṣ → ratnamuṭ, ratnamuṣau; ṣaṣ → ṣaṭ, ṣaḍ, ṣaḍbhiḥ (nuṭ by SK338).
• 433 r̥vor upadhāyā dīrgha ikaḥ 8.2.76 — an r/v-final dhātu-stem lengthens its ik penult at pada-end: pipaṭhir → pipaṭhīḥ, pipaṭhīrbhyām; short before a vowel → pipaṭhiṣau, pipaṭhiṣaḥ.
• 434 num-visarjanīya-śar-vyavāye 'pi 8.3.58 — s after iṇ/ku → ṣ even across a single num / visarga / śar: pipaṭhīṣṣu, pipaṭhīḥṣu (not across two: puṃsu); cikīḥ, cikīrṣau; doḥ, doṣau; viviṭ, takṣau, gorakṣau.
• 435 vasoḥ samprasāraṇam 6.4.131 — a vas(u)-final bha-stem takes saṃprasāraṇa (v→u), then pūrvarūpa + ṣatva: viduṣaḥ, viduṣā, vidvadbhyām, vidvān; sedivān / seduṣaḥ; suhiṃs → suhin, suhiṃsau, suhintsu; dhvat, srat.

Q. The pronouns puṃs and adas — running example: puṃs → pumān; adas → asau / amum / amī / amunā / amuṣmai

• 436 puṃso 'suṅ 7.1.89 — puṃs → asuṅ (final -as; ṅit → only the final replaced) before a sarvanāmasthāna: pumān, voc. he puman, pumāṃsau, pumāṃsaḥ, weak puṃsaḥ, puṃsā, puṃbhyām, puṃbhiḥ, puṃsu; (uśanas → uśanā, uśanasau).
• 437 adasa au sulopaś ca 7.2.107 — adas → final au with su-lopa (d → s by SK381): asau (nom. sg.).
• 438 eta īd bahuvacane 8.2.81 — in the pl. the post-d e of adas → ī and d → m: amī; the vibhakti-operations run first (SK12) → amum, amū, amūn.
• 439 na mu ne 8.2.3 — the mu-substitution is not asiddha for the nā-substitution (ṭā → nā): amunā; and the full masc. paradigm amūbhyām, amībhiḥ, amuṣmai, amībhyaḥ, amuṣmāt, amuṣya, amuyoḥ, amīṣām, amuṣmin, amīṣu.