svādi-sandhi — outline (p07, SK 162–177, all 16 sūtras)
Covers SK 162–177 (16 sūtras): all present.
Organizing thread: a pada-final s (or the final of sajuṣ) first becomes ru by sasajuṣo ruḥ; the prakaraṇa then tracks what that ru / repha does next — turning to u, to y, dropping, or reappearing as a plain r — depending on what follows.
A. ru → u (the u-fate): after short a, before a vowel or a voiced consonant — running example: śivas → śivo'tra / śivo vandyaḥ
- 162 sasajuṣo ruḥ 8.2.66 — the source of every ru: a pada-final s, and the final of sajuṣ, → ru (r with u as it-marker); an apavāda to jaśtva, so
śivas does not become śivad. Here śivas → śiva-r(u). - 163 ato roraplutādaplute 6.1.113 — the whole roḥ (r+u) after a short (non-pluta) a → u, when a non-pluta a follows; apavāda to the y-substitute of 167.
śivar + atra → śiva-u + atra. - 166 haśi ca 6.1.114 — same u-substitution when a haś (voiced consonant) follows instead of a vowel; "roḥ" (with its u-anubandha) is required, so it is confined to the ru-repha, not e.g.
prātar atra. śivar + vandyaḥ → śiva-u vandyaḥ → śivo vandyaḥ. - 164 prathamayoḥ pūrvasavarṇaḥ 6.1.102 — for an ak vowel + the vowel of the 1st/2nd vibhakti, the single substitute is the long pūrvasavarṇa; this would apply to the a-varṇa of
śiva-u. (Stated only to be blocked.) - 165 nādici 6.1.104 — but after an a-varṇa, when an ic (non-a vowel, here the u from ru) follows, the pūrvasavarṇa dīrgha of 164 does not apply; so guṇa (ādguṇaḥ) runs
a + u → o, then eṅaḥ padāntādati elides the following a: śivo'tra, śivo'rcyaḥ.
B. ru → y, and the y/v that then drops (the y-fate) — running example: devāḥ → devā iha, and the bho / bhago / agho particles
- 167 bhobhagoaghoapūrvasya yo'śi 8.3.17 — the ru preceded by bho, bhago, agho or an a-varṇa → y, when an aś (voiced sound) follows; a "sūtra-asandhi" (no further sandhi presumed).
devār + iha → devāy iha → devāyiha; then lopaḥ śākalyasya may drop the y → devā iha. - 168 vyorlaghuprayatnataraḥ śākaṭāyanasya 8.3.18 — for Śākaṭāyana, this pada-final y (and v) is optionally the laghu-prayatnatara variant (articulated with slackened tongue); it is this light y that the next rules act on.
devāyiha ~ light-y devāẏiha. - 169 oto gārgyasya 8.3.20 — per Gārgya, a pada-final y of non-light articulation following o is always elided.
bhos → bhor → bhoy + acyuta → bho acyuta; on the laghu-prayatna side the y stays: bhoyacyuta. - 170 uñi ca pade 8.3.21 — a pada-final y or v preceded by an a-varṇa is elided before the particle uñ (u) standing as a pada.
saḥ + u → sar → say + ekāgniḥ → sa u ekāgniḥ. - 171 hali sarveṣām 8.3.22 — by all teachers, the y (light or non-light) after bho/bhago/agho/a is elided before a hal (consonant).
bho devāḥ, bhago namas te, agho yāhi, devā namyāḥ, devā yānti — but before a vowel it stays: devāyiha.
C. the repha-fate: ru surfacing as a plain r, and the cleanup it triggers — running example: manas + ratha → manorathaḥ
- 172 ro'supi 8.2.69 — for the final of ahan the substitute is repha (r), except when a sup ending follows; apavāda to ru.
ahar ahaḥ, ahar-gaṇaḥ, but aho-bhyām (before sup, ru → aha·ḥ). Folded vārttikas: rūparātrirathantareṣu rutvam keeps ru in aho-rūpam, ahorātriḥ, aho-rathantaram; aharādīnāṃ patyādiṣu vā rephaḥ gives optional repha ahar-patiḥ, gīr-patiḥ, dhūr-patiḥ (else visarga/upadhmānīya). - 173 ro ri 8.3.14 — a repha is elided when a repha follows.
manas → ru → utva (haśi ca) would give mano-r; before ratha (r-initial) this rule would drop that r → mano-atha. (Set up, then overruled by 175.) - 174 ḍhralope pūrvasya dīrgho'ṇaḥ 6.3.111 — when a ḍha or r is elided, the preceding aṇ (a/i/u) vowel is lengthened.
punar ramate → punā ramate, harir ramyaḥ → harī ramyaḥ, śambhur rājate → śambhū rājate; not after non-aṇ: tṛḍhaḥ. Its close leads into the manas ratha conflict (rutva → utva → ro ri lopa all impending). - 175 vipratiṣedhe paraṃ kāryam 1.4.2 — in a conflict of equal-strength rules, the later operation wins; but pūrvatrāsiddham makes ro ri (173) asiddha, so utva stands instead of the repha-lopa:
manas + ratha → mano-r → manorathaḥ, not manoratha.
D. the su-fate: dropping the nominative-sg su (the s that would have become ru) — running example: eṣas / sas
- 176 etattadoḥ sulopo'koranañsamāse hali 6.1.132 — the su (nom. sg.) of etad and tad (without ka) is elided before a hal, but not in a nañ-compound.
eṣas + viṣṇuḥ → eṣa viṣṇuḥ, sas + śambhuḥ → sa śambhuḥ; blocked in eṣako rudraḥ (ka-form), asaḥ śivaḥ (nañ-cpd), and before a vowel eṣo'tra (there su → ru → utva instead). - 177 so'ci lope cet pādapūraṇam 6.1.134 — the su of
sas (→ saḥ) is elided even before a vowel (ac), provided that elision completes the metrical pāda. sas + imām → semām aviḍḍhi..., saiṣa dāśarathī rāmaḥ; not where lopa is not foot-completing: sa it kṣeti, sa eva, so'ham ājanmaśuddhānām (bahula restricts it).