Vyākaraṇa-mahābhāṣya 1.1.1.1

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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা

MBH 1.1.1.1

← śivasūtra 7-8.3 1.1.1.2 →

vṛddhir ād-aic

Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.1

Vṛtti Patañjali

kutvam kasmāt na bhavati coḥ kuḥ padasya iti .

Why does the ku-substitution (kutva) not take place — [by the rule] 'coḥ kuḥ', with 'padasya' (a palatal becomes a guttural at the end of a pada), thus?

bhatvāt .

Because of [its] being a bha (bha-saṁjñā).

katham bhasañjñā .

How [does] the bha-designation (bha-saṁjñā) [arise]?

ayasmayādīni chandasi iti .

[By] 'ayasmayādīni chandasi' (the words ayasmaya and the rest [are bha] in the Veda), thus.

chandasi iti ucyate .

'In the Veda (chandasi)', it is [expressly] said.

na ca idam chandaḥ .

And this [text] is not Veda (chandas).

chandovat sūtrāṇi bhavanti .

The sūtras behave like Vedic text (chandovat).

yadi bhasañjñā vṛddhiḥ ād aic at eṅ guṇaḥ iti jaśtvam api na prāpnoti .

If [there is] the bha-designation, then in 'vṛddhiḥ ād aic' and 'at eṅ guṇaḥ' (adeṅ guṇaḥ) the jaśtva too would not obtain.

ubhayasañjñāni api chandāṃsi dṛśyante .

Vedic texts (chandāṃsi) too are seen bearing both designations (ubhaya-saṁjñā).

tat yathā .

As, for instance:

saḥ suṣṭubhā saḥ ṛkvatā gaṇena .

'saḥ suṣṭubhā saḥ ṛkvatā gaṇena' — 'he, with the well-chanting [song]; he, with the ṛk-possessing troop.'

padatvāt kutvam bhatvāt jaśvtam na bhavati .

Because of [its] being a pada, the ku-substitution [applies]; because of [its] being a bha, the jaśtva does not occur.

evam iha api bhatvāt kutvam na bhaviṣyati

Thus here too, because of [its] being a bha, the ku-substitution will not occur.

Translator notes mūla-only construal · not shown in the reading edition

Mūla (Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.1): a saṁjñā-sūtra. vṛddhiḥ is the name (saṁjñā); ād-aic (ā-T and the pratyāhāra aiC = ā, ai, au) is what is named (saṁjñin). Rendered as a rule, not prose. word_for_word given for the two sūtra-words only.
Dialectic construal (all segments are Patañjali's prose; no vārttika here). s1 = an opponent's question: why does kutva (coḥ kuḥ) not apply? s2 = reply: because of bha-saṁjñā. s3 = objection: how does the bha-saṁjñā arise? s4 = reply: by 'ayasmayādīni chandasi' (A 1.4.20). s5–s6 = objection: that rule is restricted to the Veda (chandas), and this is not Veda. s7 = reply: sūtras behave like Vedic text (chandovat). s8 = a further objection: if bha-saṁjñā, then jaśtva too would fail (in ādaic, adeṅ guṇaḥ). s9 = reply: Vedic forms are seen bearing BOTH saṁjñās. s10 = 'tat yathā', introducing the example. s11 = the Vedic quotation used as example. s12 = its analysis: pada-hood → kutva, bha-hood → no jaśtva, one form carrying both. s13 = conclusion closing s1: so here too, by bha-hood, kutva will not apply.
s11 ('saḥ suṣṭubhā saḥ ṛkvatā gaṇena') is a quoted Vedic (ṛgvedic) pāda adduced as an example; rendered literally as a citation, not construed into the argument beyond its illustrative role stated in s12.
s8 'at eṅ guṇaḥ' quotes the next sūtra (A 1.1.2, adeṅ guṇaḥ) with its sandhi'd upadeśa form; kept as written. s12 source 'jaśvtam' is read as jaśtvam (jaśtva), a transposition in the source; construal unaffected.
'kutva' = substitution of a guttural for a palatal (rule coḥ kuḥ, with anuvṛtti padasya); 'jaśtva' = replacement of a final consonant by its jaś (soft/voiced) counterpart; retained as technical terms.

← śivasūtra 7-8.3 1.1.1.2 →