tatra kṛṣṇo, yathā śrī-daśame (10.16.10)—
taṁ nāga-bhoga-parivītam adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam
ālokya tat-priya-sakhāḥ paśupā bhṛśārtāḥ |
kṛṣṇe’rpitātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmā
duḥkhānuśoka-bhayam ūḍha-dhiyo nipetuḥ ||quoted · śrī-daśame
The verse — decoded
L1example
taṁ nāga-bhoga-parivītam adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam
taṁhim — Kṛṣṇa, the one they are all looking at (object of "seeing" in the next line) accusative, picked up by ālokya in L2उसे (कृष्ण को)
nāga-bhoga-parivītamwrapped around by the serpent's coils — Kāliya's body wound about him accusative, agreeing with taṁनाग (कालिय) की कुण्डलियों से चारों ओर घिरे हुए को
adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭamhis movements no longer to be seen — he is so enveloped that no stir of him shows accusative bahuvrīhi, agreeing with taṁजिसकी कोई चेष्टा (हलचल) दिखाई न दे रही थी, ऐसे निश्चल को
taṁ — him, Kṛṣṇa; nāga-bhoga-parivītam — wrapped around by the serpent's coils; adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam — his movements no longer to be seen
taṁ — उसे (कृष्ण को); nāga-bhoga-parivītam — नाग की कुण्डलियों से घिरे हुए; adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam — जिसकी कोई हलचल दिखाई न दे रही थी
The verse points to Kṛṣṇa. The serpent Kāliya has wound his coils all around him. He is so covered that not a single movement of his can be seen.
नाग की कुण्डलियों से चारों ओर घिरे हुए और निश्चल पड़े उस कृष्ण को — जिसमें कोई चेष्टा तक दिखाई न देती थी।
An udāharaṇa illustrating Kṛṣṇa as the viṣaya-ālambana — the object toward whom karuṇa-bhakti-rasa (the mood of grief and compassion) is felt. The lead-in "tatra kṛṣṇo" ("there, Kṛṣṇa") names him as that object; the scene is the Kāliya episode, Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.10.
यह एक उदाहरण है जो कृष्ण को करुण-भक्ति-रस (शोक और करुणा के भाव) का विषय-आलम्बन दिखाता है — अर्थात् वह पात्र जिसके प्रति यह भाव उठता है। आरम्भ के 'तत्र कृष्णो' ('वहाँ कृष्ण') शब्दों से उन्हें ही वह विषय बतलाया गया है। यह प्रसंग कालिय-दमन का है, श्रीमद्भागवत १०.१६.१०।
L2example
ālokya tat-priya-sakhāḥ paśupā bhṛśārtāḥ |
ālokyahaving seen him — the sight that triggers everything that follows gerund; its unspoken object is taṁ from L1(उसे) देखकर
tat-priya-sakhāḥhis dear friends — the ones closest to him nominative plural, subjectउसके प्रिय सखा
paśupāḥthe cowherds — the cattle-tending men (a second word for the subject) nominative plural; the commentators debate whether this names the same group or a further oneग्वाले (गोपाल)
bhṛśārtāḥcut to the quick — struck with intense pain nominative plural, describing the subjectअत्यन्त पीड़ित (होकर)
ālokya — having seen him; tat-priya-sakhāḥ — his dear friends; paśupāḥ — the cowherds; bhṛśārtāḥ — struck with intense pain
ālokya — देखकर; tat-priya-sakhāḥ — उसके प्रिय सखा; paśupāḥ — ग्वाले; bhṛśārtāḥ — अत्यन्त व्याकुल
Once they saw him like that, his dear friends — the cowherds — were struck to the core with pain.
उसे इस दशा में देखकर उसके प्रिय सखा और ग्वाले अत्यन्त पीड़ित हो उठे।
L3example
kṛṣṇe’rpitātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmā
kṛṣṇeto Kṛṣṇa — the one to whom they had handed everything over locative, marking where all the following was placed (arpita)कृष्ण में (जिसमें यह सब अर्पित था)
arpita-ātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmāḥhaving laid before him their very selves, their friends, their wealth, their wives, and their wants — all dedicated to Kṛṣṇa nominative plural bahuvrīhi describing the cowherds; arpita governs the whole string of fiveजिन्होंने अपने प्राण, सुहृद् (मित्र), धन, स्त्री और सारी कामनाएँ — ये सब कृष्ण में अर्पित कर दी थीं
kṛṣṇe — to Kṛṣṇa; arpita-ātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmāḥ — they who had laid before him their selves, friends, wealth, wives, and wants
kṛṣṇe — कृष्ण में; arpita-ātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmāḥ — जिन्होंने अपना आत्मा, मित्र, धन, स्त्री और कामनाएँ (कृष्ण में) अर्पित कर दी थीं
These are men who had already given Kṛṣṇa everything — their own selves, their friends, their wealth, their wives, even their desires. He was all they had. That is why the sight breaks them.
जिन ग्वालों ने अपने प्राण, मित्र, धन, स्त्री और समस्त कामनाएँ कृष्ण में ही अर्पित कर रखी थीं।
L4example
duḥkhānuśoka-bhayam ūḍha-dhiyo nipetuḥ ||
duḥkha-anuśoka-bhayampain, then grief on its heels, then fear — the three that flooded them accusative singular compound; anu- in anuśoka = grief that follows after the first blow of painदुःख, अनुशोक (पीड़ा के पीछे आने वाला शोक) और भय को
ūḍha-dhiyaḥtheir minds now carrying that load — overtaken by it nominative plural bahuvrīhi; ūḍha = borne, carried, so "whose minds bore [the pain, grief, fear]"जिनके मन ने (उस दुःख-शोक-भय को) धारण कर लिया था, ऐसे वे
nipetuḥfell to the ground — collapsed perfect, 3rd person plural, the main verbगिर पड़े
duḥkha-anuśoka-bhayam — pain, grief, and fear; ūḍha-dhiyaḥ — their minds now carrying that load; nipetuḥ — they fell down
duḥkha-anuśoka-bhayam — दुःख, अनुशोक और भय को; ūḍha-dhiyaḥ — जिनके मन ने (उसे) धारण किया था; nipetuḥ — गिर पड़े
Pain, then grief, then fear filled them one after another. Their minds could not hold it. They dropped to the ground.
दुःख, पीड़ा के पीछे उमड़ते शोक और भय को मन में धारण किए हुए वे (सब) गिर पड़े।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
tat-priya-sakhāś ca paśupāś cānye gopāḥ ||
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca"his dear friends" — one set, the intimate companions ca pairs this group with the nextउसके प्रिय सखा, और
paśupāḥ caand "the cowherds" — a second, separate set the second ca marks these as distinct from the first group, not a restatement of itऔर ग्वाले (जो इनसे अलग हैं)
anye gopāḥthat is, the other gopas — the cowherds are the remaining herdsmen, not the same as the dear friendsदूसरे गोप
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca — his dear friends; paśupāḥ ca — and the cowherds; anye gopāḥ — [who are] the other gopas
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca — उसके प्रिय सखा, और; paśupāḥ ca — और ग्वाले; anye gopāḥ — दूसरे गोप
Jīva reads the verse's two words as two different groups. "His dear friends" is one group. "The cowherds" are another — the rest of the gopas. So it is not one crowd named twice; it is the intimate friends plus the wider body of herdsmen.
'उसके प्रिय सखा' और 'ग्वाले' — ये 'ग्वाले' प्रिय सखाओं से अलग दूसरे गोप हैं।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
tat-priya-sakhāś ca paśupāś cānye ||
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca"his dear friends" — one group ca links it to the next wordउसके प्रिय सखा, और
paśupāḥ ca anyeand "the cowherds," who are others — a further, distinct group anye = "others"; the second ca plus anye keeps the cowherds separate from the dear friendsऔर दूसरे ग्वाले
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca — his dear friends; paśupāḥ ca anye — and the cowherds, who are others
tat-priya-sakhāḥ ca — उसके प्रिय सखा, और; paśupāḥ ca anye — और अन्य ग्वाले
Viśvanātha too takes the two words as two groups: the dear friends, and separately the cowherds, "who are others." He stops there, letting "others" carry the distinction.
'उसके प्रिय सखा' और 'अन्य ग्वाले' — यहाँ 'अन्य' शब्द तथा दूसरा 'च' ग्वालों को प्रिय सखाओं से पृथक् रखते हैं।