rukmiṇī-nandanas teṣu lālyeṣu pravaro mataḥ ||
tasya rūpam—
sa jayati śambara-damanaḥ
sukumāro yadu-kumāra-kula-mauliḥ |
janayati janeṣu janaka-
bhrāntiṁ yaḥ suṣṭhu rūpeṇa ||
asya bhaktiḥ—
prabhāvati samīkṣyatāṁ divi kṛpāmbudhir mādṛśāṁ
sa eṣa paramo gurur garuḍa-go yadūnāṁ patiḥ |
yataḥ kim api lālanaṁ vayam avāpya daroddhurāḥ
purārim api saṅgare guru-ruṣaṁ tiraskurmahe ||
The verse — decoded
L1conclusion
rukmiṇī-nandanas teṣu lālyeṣu pravaro mataḥ ||
rukmiṇī-nandanaḥPradyumna, the son of Rukmiṇīरुक्मिणी के पुत्र (प्रद्युम्न)
teṣu lālyeṣuamong those cherished young ones (the lālyas) locative of the group one is picked out from — 'among'उन लाड़ले भक्तों में से
pravaraḥis the very foremostसबसे श्रेष्ठ
mataḥis held to beमाने गये हैं
rukmiṇī-nandanaḥ — Pradyumna, Rukmiṇī's son; teṣu lālyeṣu — among those cherished young ones; pravaraḥ mataḥ — is held to be the foremost.
rukmiṇī-nandanaḥ — रुक्मिणी के पुत्र (प्रद्युम्न); teṣu lālyeṣu — उन लाड़ले भक्तों में से; pravaraḥ — सबसे श्रेष्ठ; mataḥ — माने गये हैं।
Among those cherished ones — the lālyas, the young ones Kṛṣṇa fondles and dotes on — Pradyumna, the son of Rukmiṇī, is held to be the very best. This line closes the list of lālyas by naming their chief.
रुक्मिणी के पुत्र प्रद्युम्न उन सब लाड़ले भक्तों में सबसे श्रेष्ठ माने गये हैं।
L2other
sa jayati śambara-damanaḥ
saḥheवह
jayatistands supreme — all glory to him benedictory present, 'jayati' = 'may he be victorious'जयवन्त हों / सदा विजयी रहें
śambara-damanaḥthe subduer of Śambaraशम्बर का दमन करनेवाला
saḥ śambara-damanaḥ — he, the subduer of Śambara; jayati — stands victorious.
saḥ — वह; jayati — जयवन्त हों (आशीर्वाद-रूप वर्तमान); śambara-damanaḥ — शम्बर का दमन करनेवाला।
All glory to him, the one who crushed the demon Śambara. This begins a verse (introduced by 'tasya rūpam—', 'his form') describing Pradyumna's beauty.
वह शम्बर का दमन करनेवाला (प्रद्युम्न) सदा जयवन्त रहे।
śambara — the demon who carried off the newborn Pradyumna and was later slain by him; hence Pradyumna is 'śambara-damana', Śambara's subduer.
शम्बर वह असुर है जिसने नवजात प्रद्युम्न का हरण किया था और अन्त में उसी प्रद्युम्न के हाथों मारा गया; इसीलिए प्रद्युम्न 'शम्बर-दमन' अर्थात् शम्बर को वश में करनेवाला कहलाते हैं।
L3other
sukumāro yadu-kumāra-kula-mauliḥ |
sukumāraḥdelicate and tenderअत्यन्त सुकुमार / कोमल
yadu-kumāra-kula-mauliḥthe crest-jewel of the whole line of Yadu princesयदुवंश के कुमारों के कुल का शिरोमणि
sukumāraḥ — delicate and tender; yadu-kumāra-kula-mauliḥ — the crest-jewel of the line of Yadu princes.
sukumāraḥ — अत्यन्त सुकुमार; yadu-kumāra-kula-mauliḥ — यदुवंश के कुमारों के कुल का शिरोमणि।
He is soft and tender, and the crown-jewel among all the young princes of the Yadu family.
वह अत्यन्त सुकुमार है और यदुवंश के राजकुमारों के कुल में शिरोमणि है।
L4other
janayati janeṣu janaka-
janayatihe gives rise to, producesउत्पन्न करता है
janeṣuin ordinary people, in the folk who see him locative — where the confusion arisesलोगों के बीच (जहाँ यह भ्रम उठता है)
janaka-'father-' — first half of janaka-bhrānti compound broken across the line; it completes in the next line'जनक-' (पिता-सम्बन्धी; यह समास अगली पंक्ति में पूरा होता है)
yaḥ (from next line) rūpeṇa — by his beauty; janeṣu — in the people; janaka-bhrāntim — the delusion 'this is the father'; suṣṭhu janayati — thoroughly produces.
janayati — उत्पन्न करता है; janeṣu — लोगों के बीच (जहाँ भ्रम उठता है); janaka- — 'जनक-' (पिता-सम्बन्धी; समास अगली पंक्ति में पूर्ण होता है)।
In the people who see him he gives rise to a 'father-confusion' — the phrase carries over into the next line and is completed there.
वह लोगों के बीच 'जनक-' अर्थात् पिता-सम्बन्धी (भ्रम) उत्पन्न करता है — यह वाक्य अगली पंक्ति में पूरा होता है।
L5other
bhrāntiṁ yaḥ suṣṭhu rūpeṇa ||
janaka-bhrāntimthe delusion that he is [his own] father — people take him for Kṛṣṇa 'janaka-' carried over from the previous line; object of janayatiपिता के विषय में भ्रम (जनयति का कर्म; पिछली पंक्ति का 'जनक-' यहाँ जुड़ता है)
yaḥhe whoजो
suṣṭhuthoroughly, completelyभलीभाँति / पूरी तरह
rūpeṇaby his beauty — because of how he looks instrumental of means/causeअपने रूप के कारण
yaḥ — he who; rūpeṇa — by his beauty; suṣṭhu — thoroughly; janeṣu janaka-bhrāntim — in people the delusion 'this is the father'; janayati — produces.
janaka-bhrāntim — पिता के विषय में भ्रम (जनयति का कर्म); yaḥ — जो; suṣṭhu — भलीभाँति; rūpeṇa — अपने रूप के कारण।
By his beauty he so completely makes people mistake him for his father — Kṛṣṇa — that they cannot tell son from father. Pradyumna looks so exactly like Kṛṣṇa that onlookers are quite confused which of the two they are seeing.
जो अपने रूप के कारण लोगों के बीच पिता के विषय में भलीभाँति भ्रम उत्पन्न करता है (कि यही पिता तो नहीं)।
L6example
prabhāvati samīkṣyatāṁ divi kṛpāmbudhir mādṛśāṁ
prabhāvatiO Prabhāvatī! vocative — Pradyumna calls to his belovedहे प्रभावती! (सम्बोधन)
samīkṣyatāmlet him be beheld — just look up! passive imperative; subject is 'the ocean of mercy' belowभलीभाँति देखा जाए (कर्मवाच्य विधि)
diviup in the sky locative of placeआकाश में
kṛpā-ambudhiḥthe ocean of mercyकृपा का समुद्र
mādṛśāmtoward ones like me genitive — the object of that mercyमुझ-जैसों पर (जिन पर वह कृपा है)
he prabhāvati — O Prabhāvatī; divi — in the sky; mādṛśām — for ones like me; kṛpā-ambudhiḥ — the ocean of mercy; samīkṣyatām — let him be beheld.
prabhāvati — हे प्रभावती! (सम्बोधन); samīkṣyatām — भलीभाँति देखा जाए (कर्मवाच्य विधि, कर्ता नीचे 'कृपा का समुद्र'); divi — आकाश में; kṛpā-ambudhiḥ — कृपा का समुद्र; mādṛśām — मुझ-जैसों पर।
O Prabhāvatī, look up into the sky — behold there the very ocean of mercy for ones like me. Pradyumna is pointing his beloved to Kṛṣṇa overhead.
हे प्रभावती! आकाश में जो मुझ-जैसों के लिए कृपा का समुद्र (विराजमान) है, उसे भलीभाँति देखो।
This four-line verse (introduced by 'asya bhaktiḥ—', 'his devotion') is the udāharaṇa illustrating the dāsya-bhakti of Pradyumna, the foremost lālya. Both included commentators (Jīva and Viśvanātha) place it in the Harivaṁśa (2.95.39): it is spoken by Śrī Pradyumna, standing beside Prabhāvatī, as he points out Kṛṣṇa to her.
यह चार पंक्तियोंवाला श्लोक ('अस्य भक्तिः—' अर्थात् 'इसकी भक्ति' कहकर प्रस्तुत किया गया) उदाहरण है, जो सर्वप्रमुख लाड़ले प्रद्युम्न की दास्य-भक्ति को दर्शाता है। दोनों समाविष्ट टीकाकार (जीव और विश्वनाथ) इसे हरिवंश (२.९५.३९) में रखते हैं; इसे श्री प्रद्युम्न प्रभावती के पास खड़े होकर, उसे कृष्ण की ओर संकेत करते हुए कहते हैं।
L7example
sa eṣa paramo gurur garuḍa-go yadūnāṁ patiḥ |
saḥ eṣaḥthis very one, he himselfयही वह
paramaḥ guruḥthe supreme masterपरम पूज्य / परम गुरु
garuḍa-gaḥriding upon Garuḍaगरुड़ पर सवार
yadūnām patiḥthe lord of the Yadus genitive — lord over the Yadu clanयदुवंश के स्वामी
saḥ eṣaḥ — this very one; paramaḥ guruḥ — the supreme master; garuḍa-gaḥ — mounted on Garuḍa; yadūnām patiḥ — the lord of the Yadus.
saḥ eṣaḥ — यही वह; paramaḥ guruḥ — परम पूज्य; garuḍa-gaḥ — गरुड़ पर सवार; yadūnām patiḥ — यदुवंश के स्वामी।
This is he — my supreme master, seated on Garuḍa, the lord of the Yadus. The words point unmistakably to Kṛṣṇa, and Pradyumna calls him not merely father but his own 'guru', his master.
यही वह गरुड़ पर विराजमान परम पूज्य, यदुवंश का स्वामी है।
L8example
yataḥ kim api lālanaṁ vayam avāpya daroddhurāḥ
yataḥfrom whom ablative — the source of the cherishingजिससे (लाड़ का स्रोत)
kim api lālanamsome cherishing beyond telling 'kim api' = a 'some-indescribable' fondling, too great to nameकोई अनिर्वचनीय लाड़-दुलार (इतना बड़ा कि नाम न दिया जा सके)
vayamweहम
avāpyahaving received gerund — 'once we have gotten'पाकर
daroddhurāḥgrown bold, puffed up with daring dara + uddhura, 'lifted high'; predicate of 'vayam', its verb comes in the next lineकुछ-कुछ गर्व से उन्नत (दर + उद्धुर = तनिक ऊपर उठे हुए)
yataḥ — from whom; kim api lālanam — some cherishing beyond words; vayam avāpya — we, having received; daroddhurāḥ — grown emboldened.
yataḥ — जिससे (लाड़ का स्रोत); kim api lālanam — कोई अनिर्वचनीय लाड़-दुलार; vayam — हम; avāpya — पाकर; daroddhurāḥ — कुछ-कुछ गर्वोन्नत (इसकी क्रिया अगली पंक्ति में)।
From him we have won some fondling affection beyond words, and, made bold by it, we — the sentence finishes in the next line with what that boldness dares to do.
जिससे कुछ अनिर्वचनीय लाड़ पाकर हम कुछ-कुछ गर्व से उन्नत हो उठे हैं।
L9example
purārim api saṅgare guru-ruṣaṁ tiraskurmahe ||
purārim apieven Purāri — Śiva himself 'api' = 'even'; Pur-āri, 'foe of the [Tripura] cities' = Śivaपुरारि (त्रिपुर के शत्रु = शिव) को भी
saṅgarein battle locative — the setting of the defianceयुद्ध में
guru-ruṣamthough blazing with heavy wrath qualifies Purāri — even when his anger is fierceजिसका क्रोध प्रचण्ड हो, ऐसे (पुरारि) को
tiraskurmahewe scorn, we brush aside 1st person plural — 'we' the emboldened onesहम तिरस्कृत कर देते हैं (उत्साह से भरे 'हम')
[vayam] — we; saṅgare — in battle; guru-ruṣam purārim api — even Purāri, blazing with wrath; tiraskurmahe — we brush aside.
purārim api — पुरारि (= शिव) को भी; saṅgare — युद्ध में; guru-ruṣam — जिसका क्रोध प्रचण्ड हो, ऐसे को; tiraskurmahe — हम तिरस्कृत कर देते हैं।
In battle we scorn and brush aside even Purāri — Śiva himself — furious though he be. This is the whole thrust of the example: the cherishing of the master (Kṛṣṇa) makes the servant so bold that he will defy even Śiva. That daring, born of the master's fondness, is the mark of Pradyumna's dāsya-devotion.
युद्ध में हम प्रचण्ड क्रोधवाले पुरारि (शिव) को भी तुच्छ जानकर तिरस्कृत कर देते हैं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
prabhāvati iti śrī-harivaṁśokta-prabhāvatī-haraṇe [ha.vaṁ. 2.95.39] tat-samīpasthasya śrī-pradyumnasya vākyam ||
prabhāvati itithe verse beginning 'prabhāvati' — pratīka; 'iti' marks which verse is being placed'प्रभावति' — यह (प्रतीक; 'इति' दर्शाता है कि कौन-सा श्लोक प्रस्तुत है)
śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-prabhāvatī-haraṇein the carrying-off of Prabhāvatī told in the Śrī Harivaṁśa locative — the episode that is the settingश्री हरिवंश में कहे गये प्रभावती-हरण के प्रसंग में
[ha.vaṁ. 2.95.39]reference: Harivaṁśa 2.95.39[हरिवंश २.९५.३९]
tat-samīpasthasyaof the one standing near her (Prabhāvatī) genitive qualifying Pradyumnaउसके (प्रभावती के) पास खड़े
śrī-pradyumnasyaof Śrī Pradyumnaश्री प्रद्युम्न का
vākyamthis is the speechवचन
prabhāvati iti [padyam] — the verse 'prabhāvati'; śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-prabhāvatī-haraṇe — in the Harivaṁśa's abduction of Prabhāvatī; tat-samīpasthasya śrī-pradyumnasya — of Śrī Pradyumna, who stands beside her; vākyam — is the speech.
prabhāvati iti — 'प्रभावति' यह (प्रतीक); śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-prabhāvatī-haraṇe — श्री हरिवंश में कहे गये प्रभावती-हरण के प्रसंग में; [ha.vaṁ. 2.95.39] — [हरिवंश २.९५.३९]; tat-samīpasthasya — उसके पास खड़े; śrī-pradyumnasya — श्री प्रद्युम्न का; vākyam — वचन।
Jīva sets the scene for the 'prabhāvati' verse: it comes from the Harivaṁśa's account of the carrying-off of Prabhāvatī (HV 2.95.39). Pradyumna is standing right beside her, and these are his words.
'प्रभावति' इत्यादि श्लोक श्री हरिवंश में वर्णित प्रभावती-हरण के प्रसंग (हरिवंश २.९५.३९) का है; यह उसके पास खड़े श्री प्रद्युम्न का वचन है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1avataranika
prabhāvati iti śrī-harivaṁśokta-[2.95.39]6-prabhāvatī-haraṇa-samaye tat-samīpasthasya śrī-pradyumnasya vākyam ||
prabhāvati itithe verse beginning 'prabhāvati' — pratīka'प्रभावति' — यह (प्रतीक)
śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-[2.95.39]-prabhāvatī-haraṇa-samayeat the time of the carrying-off of Prabhāvatī told in the Śrī Harivaṁśa (2.95.39) locative of time — 'at the moment when' (Jīva said 'in the episode'; Viśvanātha pins the moment)श्री हरिवंश में कहे गये (२.९५.३९) प्रभावती-हरण के समय
tat-samīpasthasyaof the one standing near herउसके पास खड़े
śrī-pradyumnasyaof Śrī Pradyumnaश्री प्रद्युम्न का
vākyamis the speechवचन
prabhāvati iti [padyam] — the verse 'prabhāvati'; śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-[2.95.39]-prabhāvatī-haraṇa-samaye — at the time of the Harivaṁśa's abduction of Prabhāvatī; tat-samīpasthasya śrī-pradyumnasya — of Śrī Pradyumna standing beside her; vākyam — is the speech.
prabhāvati iti — 'प्रभावति' यह (प्रतीक); śrī-harivaṁśa-ukta-[2.95.39]-prabhāvatī-haraṇa-samaye — श्री हरिवंश में कहे गये (२.९५.३९) प्रभावती-हरण के समय (जीव ने 'प्रसंग में' कहा, विश्वनाथ उस क्षण को निर्दिष्ट करते हैं); tat-samīpasthasya — उसके पास खड़े; śrī-pradyumnasya — श्री प्रद्युम्न का; vākyam — वचन।
Viśvanātha too anchors the verse in the Harivaṁśa (2.95.39), but he fixes the exact moment: at the time when Prabhāvatī is being carried off, Śrī Pradyumna, standing at her side, speaks these words.
'प्रभावति' इत्यादि श्लोक श्री हरिवंश में वर्णित प्रभावती-हरण के समय (२.९५.३९) उसके पास खड़े श्री प्रद्युम्न का वचन है।