L1definition
navīna-saṅgamākārya-stavāvajñādinā kṛtā |
navīna-saṅgama-akārya-stava-avajñā-ādinābrought on by a fresh meeting, by doing something improper, by being praised, by being slighted, and the like instrumental of cause; a dvandva compound listing the triggers, ādi = "and so on"नए संगम (मिलन), न करने योग्य कार्य की प्रशंसा, अवज्ञा (तिरस्कार) आदि के कारण
kṛtāproduced, made to arise feminine past participle agreeing with adhṛṣṭatā / vrīḍāजो उत्पन्न की गई हो (अधृष्टता/व्रीडा के साथ स्त्रीलिंग में)
navīna-saṅgama-akārya-stava-avajñā-ādinā kṛtā — produced by a fresh meeting, an improper act, praise, a slight, and the like
navīna-saṅgama-akārya-stava-avajñā-ādinā — नए मिलन, अनुचित कार्य की प्रशंसा, अवज्ञा आदि के कारण; kṛtā — उत्पन्न।
Bashfulness is set off by any of several things: a first meeting with someone, having done something one shouldn't, being praised out loud, or being slighted. The verse lists these causes and adds "and so on," so the list is open.
नए संगम, न करने योग्य कार्य की प्रशंसा, अवज्ञा आदि कारणों से जो उत्पन्न होती है।
This is the lakṣaṇa (definition) of vrīḍā, "bashfulness, shame" — the eighteenth of the transient emotions (vyabhicāri-bhāva) of this fourth laharī. The lead-in marks it: "atha (18) vrīḍā." L1 gives its causes, L2 its nature, L2–L3 its outward signs.
यह व्रीडा (लज्जा) का लक्षण है — इस चौथी लहरी के अठारहवें व्यभिचारी-भाव का। आरम्भ में 'अथ (१८) व्रीडा' कहकर इसका संकेत किया गया है। पहली पंक्ति इसके कारण बताती है, दूसरी इसका स्वरूप, और दूसरी-तीसरी मिलकर इसके बाहरी चिह्न।
L2definition
adhṛṣṭatā bhaved vrīḍā tatra maunaṁ vicintanam |
adhṛṣṭatāa not-being-bold, a shrinking backअधृष्टता (धृष्टता का अभाव, संकोच)
bhavetis said to be, comes to beहोती है
vrīḍābashfulness — the emotion being definedव्रीडा (लज्जा)
tatrain it, among its outward signs locative marking the shift from nature to symptoms (anubhāva)उस अवस्था में (यहीं से स्वरूप से चिह्नों की ओर मोड़)
maunamfalling silentमौन (चुप्पी)
vicintanamgetting lost in thoughtगहरा सोच-विचार (चिन्तन)
vrīḍā adhṛṣṭatā bhavet — bashfulness is a shrinking-back, a loss of boldness; tatra — among its signs; maunam vicintanam — silence, brooding
adhṛṣṭatā — अधृष्टता; bhavet — होती है; vrīḍā — व्रीडा; tatra — उस अवस्था में; maunam — मौन; vicintanam — चिन्तन।
Bashfulness is, in its nature, adhṛṣṭatā — a shrinking back, an inability to be forward. Its outward signs begin here: the person goes silent and sinks into their own thoughts.
अधृष्टता (संकोच) ही व्रीडा है। उस अवस्था में मौन और गहरा चिन्तन होता है।
L3definition
avaguṇṭhana-bhū-lekhau tathādho-mukhatādayaḥ ||
avaguṇṭhana-bhū-lekhaucovering the face or head, and scratching the ground dual — the pair of these two signsघूँघट डालना और भूमि पर रेखा खींचना — ये दोनों
tathāand likewiseतथा (और)
adho-mukhatā-ādayaḥhanging the face down, and the rest nominative plural; ādi = "and so on," the list stays openनीचे मुख करना आदि (सूची खुली रहती है)
avaguṇṭhana-bhū-lekhau tathā adho-mukhatā-ādayaḥ — covering the head and scratching the ground, and likewise looking down, and so on
avaguṇṭhana-bhū-lekhau — घूँघट और भूमि पर रेखा — ये दो; tathā — तथा; adho-mukhatā-ādayaḥ — नीचे मुख करना आदि।
The rest of the signs: drawing a veil over the face, scratching at the ground, hanging the head down — and others of the same kind. These bodily gestures are how bashfulness shows on the outside.
घूँघट डालना और भूमि पर रेखा खींचना — ये दोनों, तथा नीचे मुख करना आदि (इसके चिह्न) हैं।
These are the anubhāvas of vrīḍā — the involuntary bodily expressions by which the inner emotion becomes visible.
ये व्रीडा के अनुभाव हैं — वे अनायास होने वाले शारीरिक चेष्टाएँ जिनसे भीतर का भाव प्रकट होता है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
adhṛṣṭatātra dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī bhāvaḥ ||
adhṛṣṭatāthe word "adhṛṣṭatā" (used in the verse)अधृष्टता
atrahere, in this definitionयहाँ (इस लक्षण में)
dhṛṣṭatā-virodhīone that runs counter to boldness, that opposes forwardnessधृष्टता का विरोधी
bhāvaḥis a state of mind masculine to agree with bhāvaḥ, so adhṛṣṭatā is read as this bhāvaभाव है (पुल्लिंग bhāvaḥ के अनुसार, अतः अधृष्टता को इसी भाव-रूप में लिया)
atra adhṛṣṭatā — the word adhṛṣṭatā here; dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī bhāvaḥ — is a state of mind opposed to boldness
adhṛṣṭatā — अधृष्टता; atra — यहाँ; dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī — धृष्टता का विरोधी; bhāvaḥ — भाव।
Jīva pins down the key word. "Adhṛṣṭatā" here does not mean mere weakness; it names a definite state of mind, one that stands opposed to boldness (dhṛṣṭatā). So bashfulness is precisely the felt pull away from being forward.
यहाँ अधृष्टता का अर्थ है धृष्टता का विरोधी भाव।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
navīna-saṅgamādinā adhṛṣṭatātra dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī bhāvo vrīḍā bhavet ||
navīna-saṅgama-ādinābrought on by a fresh meeting and the rest instrumental of cause, abridging the verse's fuller listनए संगम आदि के कारण (श्लोक की पूरी सूची को संक्षेप में कहकर)
adhṛṣṭatāa shrinking back, a loss of boldnessअधृष्टता
atrahereयहाँ
dhṛṣṭatā-virodhīone opposed to boldnessधृष्टता का विरोधी
bhāvaḥa state of mindभाव
vrīḍāis what bashfulnessव्रीडा
bhavetcomes to beहोती है
navīna-saṅgama-ādinā — by a fresh meeting and the like; adhṛṣṭatā atra dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī bhāvaḥ — the adhṛṣṭatā here, a state opposed to boldness; vrīḍā bhavet — this is what comes to be bashfulness
navīna-saṅgama-ādinā — नए संगम आदि के कारण; adhṛṣṭatā — अधृष्टता; atra — यहाँ; dhṛṣṭatā-virodhī — धृष्टता का विरोधी; bhāvaḥ — भाव; vrīḍā — व्रीडा; bhavet — होती है।
Viśvanātha reads the whole definition back as one sentence. Set off by a fresh meeting and the rest, the adhṛṣṭatā spoken of — that is, a state of mind opposed to boldness — is what becomes vrīḍā. He takes over Jīva's gloss of adhṛṣṭatā and fits it back into the verse's own frame.
नए संगम आदि के कारण यहाँ अधृष्टता — जो धृष्टता का विरोधी भाव है — व्रीडा होती है।