L1example
hastam utkṣipya yāto’si balāt kṛṣṇa kim adbhutam |
hastam utkṣipyaflinging off [my] handहाथ झटककर (छुड़ाकर)
yātaḥ asiyou have gone awayतू चला गया है
balātby force ablative used adverbially — 'forcibly'बलपूर्वक, बल से
kṛṣṇaO Kṛṣṇaहे कृष्ण
kim adbhutamwhat is so wonderful about that?इसमें कौन-सी अद्भुत बात है?
kṛṣṇa — O Kṛṣṇa; hastam utkṣipya — flinging off my hand; balāt — by force; yātaḥ asi — you have gone away; kim adbhutam — what wonder is there in that?
hastam utkṣipya — हाथ झटककर; yātaḥ asi — तू चला गया है; balāt — बलपूर्वक; kṛṣṇa — हे कृष्ण; kim adbhutam — इसमें कौन-सी अद्भुत बात है?
O Kṛṣṇa — so you shook my hand off and forced your way out. What is so impressive about that? Any strong arm could do as much. The gopī says it with a proud toss of the head, not with tears.
हे कृष्ण, हाथ झटककर बलपूर्वक तू चला गया — इसमें कौन-सा अचरज है?
An udāharaṇa (illustrative verse) of garva, 'pride,' arising from saubhāgya, 'good fortune [in love]' — the transient emotion (vyabhicārī-bhāva) being catalogued in the caturtha-laharī of the Dakṣiṇa-vibhāga (2.4). Quoted from Kṛṣṇa-karṇāmṛta 3.93; a gopī speaks.
यह सौभाग्य (प्रेम के सौभाग्य) से उठे गर्व नामक व्यभिचारी-भाव का एक उदाहरण-श्लोक है, जो दक्षिण-विभाग (2.4) की चतुर्थ-लहरी में संगृहीत है। कृष्ण-कर्णामृत 3.93 से उद्धृत; यहाँ एक गोपी बोल रही है।
L2example
hṛdayād yadi niryāsi pauruṣaṁ gaṇayāmi te ||
hṛdayātout of my heart ablative of the point departed fromमेरे हृदय से
yadi niryāsiif you can get outयदि तू निकल जाए
pauruṣamas real manliness / a featपौरुष (मर्दानगी)
gaṇayāmi tethen I will count it to your creditतो मैं उसे तेरा (पौरुष) मानूँ
yadi hṛdayāt niryāsi — if you can get out of my heart; te pauruṣam gaṇayāmi — then I will reckon that a feat of yours.
hṛdayāt — मेरे हृदय से; yadi niryāsi — यदि तू निकल जाए; pauruṣam — पौरुष; gaṇayāmi te — तो मैं उसे तेरा (पौरुष) मानूँ
But if you can walk out of my heart — that I will grant you as real prowess. Escaping my grip was nothing; escaping my love is the feat you'll never manage. Her boast is that he cannot leave her, however he struts.
परन्तु यदि मेरे हृदय से निकल जाए, तो मैं उसे तेरा पौरुष मानूँ।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
hastam utkṣipya iti na svārtha-pradhānam |
hastam utkṣipya itithe phrase 'flinging off the hand''हाथ झटककर' — यह पद
na svārtha-pradhānamis not chiefly working through its own literal senseअपने वाच्यार्थ में प्रधान नहीं है
hastam utkṣipya iti — the words 'flinging off the hand'; na svārtha-pradhānam — are not primarily carried by their direct meaning.
hastam utkṣipya iti — 'हाथ झटककर' यह पद; na svārtha-pradhānam — अपने वाच्यार्थ में प्रधान नहीं है
Jīva opens with the opening words. Do not read 'flinging off the hand and leaving' at face value, he says — that literal picture is not what the line is really doing.
'हाथ झटककर' — इस पद का मुख्य बल उसके वाच्यार्थ में नहीं है।
s2gloss
tādṛk premṇas tasyātra duḥkhasyaiva yogyatvāt, garvasyānupapatteḥ |
tādṛk premṇaḥ tasyafor love as deep as hersउसके वैसे प्रेम का
atrahere [in being left]यहाँ, इस प्रसंग में
duḥkhasya eva yogyatvātbecause only grief would fit ablative of reason; eva restricts — grief and nothing elseक्योंकि केवल दुःख ही योग्य है
garvasya anupapatteḥsince pride could not arise at all ablative of reason; anupapatti = it does not hold togetherऔर गर्व यहाँ बनता ही नहीं, इसलिए
tādṛk premṇaḥ tasya — for one whose love is so deep; atra — at being abandoned here; duḥkhasya eva yogyatvāt — because only grief would be fitting; garvasya anupapatteḥ — and pride simply cannot arise.
tādṛk premṇaḥ tasya — उसके वैसे प्रेम का; atra — यहाँ; duḥkhasya eva yogyatvāt — क्योंकि केवल दुःख ही योग्य है; garvasya anupapatteḥ — गर्व यहाँ बनता नहीं, इसलिए
Here is why the literal reading fails. A woman who loves that deeply, if she were really cast off, would feel only grief — pride would make no sense. But the verse is voicing pride. So the plain sense cannot be the point.
क्योंकि उसके वैसे प्रेम के लिए यहाँ केवल दुःख ही योग्य है, गर्व यहाँ बन ही नहीं सकता।
s3gloss
sutarāṁ tu tanmayedṛśa-parihāsasyeti |
sutarām tuand all the more soबल्कि और भी अधिक
tanmaya-īdṛśa-parihāsasya[fit only] as this kind of teasing by one utterly absorbed in him genitive parallel to yogyatvāt above — 'fitting for…'उस प्रेम में डूबे ऐसे परिहास के ही (योग्य है)
iti— so much for the literal readingऐसा आशय है
sutarām tu — and all the more; tanmaya-īdṛśa-parihāsasya [yogyam] — the words are fit only as this sort of teasing by one wholly absorbed in him; iti — [thus closing the point].
sutarām tu — बल्कि और भी अधिक; tanmaya-īdṛśa-parihāsasya — उस प्रेम में डूबे ऐसे परिहास के (योग्य); iti — ऐसा आशय है
And even at its best, the literal wording amounts to no more than playful teasing from a lover who is completely wrapped up in him. That is as far as the surface sense reaches — a joke, not the real force of the line.
बल्कि और भी अधिक — उस प्रेम में डूबे ऐसे परिहास के ही योग्य है, ऐसा आशय है।
s4conclusion
kintu vyaṅgya-pradhānam eva |
kinturatherकिन्तु
vyaṅgya-pradhānam evait is the suggested sense alone that is primary eva excludes the literal — the dhvani, not the vācya, carries itइसमें व्यंग्यार्थ ही प्रधान है (वाच्यार्थ नहीं)
kintu — rather; vyaṅgya-pradhānam eva — it is precisely the suggested (vyaṅgya) meaning that governs the line.
kintu — किन्तु; vyaṅgya-pradhānam eva — इसमें व्यंग्यार्थ ही प्रधान है
So here is the real reading. What drives this verse is not the spoken words but what they suggest — the vyaṅgya, the hinted sense. That, and that alone, is what is chiefly at work.
किन्तु इसमें व्यंग्यार्थ ही प्रधान है, वाच्यार्थ नहीं।
s5gloss
arthāntara-saṅkramitatvāt |
arthāntara-saṅkramitatvātbecause the stated meaning slides over into another sense ablative of reason; arthāntara-saṅkramita = a named type of suggestion in poeticsक्योंकि यहाँ अर्थान्तर-संक्रमित (वाच्य) है
arthāntara-saṅkramitatvāt — because it is a case of arthāntara-saṅkramita: the expressed meaning is transferred into a further meaning.
arthāntara-saṅkramitatvāt — क्योंकि यहाँ वाच्य अर्थान्तर-संक्रमित है
Why call it suggestion? Because this is the poetic device the rhetoricians name arthāntara-saṅkramita — where the word's plain meaning does not stop at itself but carries over into a further, richer sense. The taunt about strength slides into something else entirely.
क्योंकि यहाँ शब्द अर्थान्तर-संक्रमित है — वाच्य अपना अर्थ रखते हुए भी दूसरे पूर्णतर अर्थ में संक्रान्त हो जाता है।
arthāntara-saṅkramita ('transferred into another meaning') is a category of dhvani (suggested meaning) in Sanskrit poetics (alaṅkāra-śāstra): the expressed word keeps its own sense yet shifts it onto a fuller one. Homely example: telling a grown child 'you're still my baby' — 'baby' keeps its meaning but is carried over to mean cherished dependence, not literal infancy. Here 'what feat is it to leave?' carries over into 'the one feat you cannot do is leave my heart.'
अर्थान्तर-संक्रमित ('दूसरे अर्थ में संक्रान्त') अलंकारशास्त्र में ध्वनि (व्यंग्यार्थ) का एक भेद है: कहा हुआ शब्द अपना ही अर्थ बनाए रखता है, फिर भी वह एक पूर्णतर अर्थ में उतर जाता है। घरेलू उदाहरण — बड़े हो चुके बच्चे से कहना 'तू अब भी मेरा बच्चा है'; यहाँ 'बच्चा' अपना अर्थ रखता है, पर वह लाड़ली परतन्त्रता के अर्थ में संक्रान्त हो जाता है, शिशुपन के शाब्दिक अर्थ में नहीं। इसी प्रकार यहाँ 'चले जाना कौन-सी अद्भुत बात है' यह अर्थ इस पूर्णतर अर्थ में संक्रान्त हो जाता है — 'जो एक काम तू नहीं कर सकता, वह है मेरे हृदय से निकल जाना।'
s6gloss
tac ca vyaṅgyaṁ yadi mayy udāsīnatāṁ gato’si, tathāpi tvāṁ na tyajāmīti ||
tat ca vyaṅgyamand that suggested sense is thisऔर वह व्यंग्यार्थ यह है
yadi mayi udāsīnatām gataḥ asieven if you have grown cold to me udāsīnatām gataḥ = 'gone into indifference'यदि तू मुझमें उदासीनता को प्राप्त हो गया है
tathāpi tvām na tyajāmieven so, I will not give you upतो भी मैं तुझे नहीं छोड़ती
iti— such is what she meansऐसा (व्यंग्यार्थ)
tat ca vyaṅgyam — and the suggested sense is this; yadi mayi udāsīnatām gataḥ asi — even if you have turned indifferent to me; tathāpi tvām na tyajāmi — still I do not let you go; iti — so runs her hidden meaning.
tat ca vyaṅgyam — और वह व्यंग्यार्थ यह है; yadi mayi udāsīnatām gataḥ asi — यदि तू मुझमें उदासीन हो गया है; tathāpi tvām na tyajāmi — तो भी मैं तुझे नहीं छोड़ती; iti — ऐसा
And here Jīva spells out that hidden sense. What she is really saying is: even if you have gone cold on me, I will still never let you go. The boast about heart and manliness is her way of declaring an unbreakable hold — that is the pride the verse illustrates.
और वह व्यंग्यार्थ यह है — यदि तू मुझसे उदासीन हो भी गया है, तो भी मैं तुझे नहीं छोड़ती।