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Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 2.1.382
atha bhakto, yathā caturthe (4.12.21)—
vijñāya tāv uttama-gāya-kiṅkarāv
abhyutthitaḥ sādhvasa-vismṛta-kramaḥ |
nanāma nāmāni gṛṇan madhu-dviṣaḥ
pārṣat-pradhānāv iti saṁhatāñjaliḥ ||quoted · caturthe
The verse — decoded
L1example
vijñāya tāv uttama-gāya-kiṅkarāv
vijñāyaonce he recognized [them] — absolutive, sets up the whole action absolutive; its subject (Dhruva) and the rest of the sentence hang on itभलीभाँति जानकर
tauthose two [beings before him]उन दोनों को
uttama-gāya-kiṅkarauas the servants of Uttama-gāya ("the one excellently sung of," i.e. the Lord) predicate accusative to tau — recognized them AS his servantsउत्तम-गाय अर्थात् भगवान के किंकर (सेवक) के रूप में
vijñāya — once he recognized; tau — those two; uttama-gāya-kiṅkarau — as servants of Uttama-gāya (the Lord)
vijñāya — भलीभाँति जानकर; tau — उन दोनों को; uttama-gāya-kiṅkarau — उत्तम-गाय (भगवान) के दो किंकर के रूप में
Once he recognized the two beings standing before him as servants of the Lord — Uttama-gāya, "the one who is excellently sung of."
उन दोनों को भगवान के सेवक जानकर।
An udāharaṇa (illustrative verse) of the bhakta as ālambana-vibhāva — the devotee who is the ground on which the devotional mood rests. It is the Dhruva episode, Bhāgavata 4.12.21, quoted at the lead-in "atha bhakto, yathā caturthe."
यह भक्त का उदाहरण है, जो आलम्बन-विभाव है — वह भक्त जिसके आश्रय पर भक्ति-भाव टिकता है। यह ध्रुव का प्रसंग है, भागवत ४.१२.२१, जो 'अथ भक्तो, यथा चतुर्थे' कहकर उद्धृत किया गया है।
L2example
abhyutthitaḥ sādhvasa-vismṛta-kramaḥ |
abhyutthitaḥhe rose up [to receive them](आदरपूर्वक) उठ खड़ा हुआ
sādhvasa-vismṛta-kramaḥso awed that he forgot the proper order of things — his etiquette slipped his mind out of dread bahuvrīhi describing him: "one by whom the sequence [of formal welcome] was forgotten because of awe"जिसे भय-मिश्रित आदर के कारण (स्वागत का) क्रम ही भूल गया
abhyutthitaḥ — he rose up; sādhvasa-vismṛta-kramaḥ — his etiquette forgotten out of awe
abhyutthitaḥ — उठ खड़ा हुआ; sādhvasa-vismṛta-kramaḥ — जिसका (स्वागत-)क्रम भय के कारण विस्मृत हो गया
He sprang to his feet. He was so struck with awe that the proper sequence of greeting slipped his mind.
वह उठ खड़ा हुआ, और भय-मिश्रित आदर के कारण औपचारिक स्वागत का क्रम ही भूल गया।
L3example
nanāma nāmāni gṛṇan madhu-dviṣaḥ
nanāmahe bowed downप्रणाम किया
nāmāni gṛṇanwhile uttering the names present participle — the bowing and the reciting happen togetherनामों का उच्चारण करते हुए (प्रणाम और कीर्तन साथ-साथ)
madhu-dviṣaḥof Madhu-dviṣ ("the enemy of the demon Madhu," the Lord) genitive with nāmāni — the names OF the Lordमधु-द्विष् अर्थात् भगवान के (नाम)
nanāma — he bowed; nāmāni gṛṇan — while reciting the names; madhu-dviṣaḥ — of Madhu-dviṣ (the Lord)
nanāma — प्रणाम किया; nāmāni gṛṇan — नाम बोलते हुए; madhu-dviṣaḥ — मधु-द्विष् (भगवान) के
He bowed down, and as he bowed he was reciting the names of Madhu-dviṣ — the Lord, slayer of the demon Madhu.
भगवान के नामों का उच्चारण करते हुए उसने प्रणाम किया।
L4example
pārṣat-pradhānāv iti saṁhatāñjaliḥ ||
pārṣat-pradhānau"these two are the foremost among the associates"पार्षदों में प्रधान
itithinking thus — closes the thought that moved him iti marks the content of his recognition, feeding back into vijñāya of L1ऐसा (जानकर) — यह पहचान L1 के vijñāya में जा मिलती है
saṁhata-añjaliḥwith his palms pressed togetherहाथ जोड़े हुए
pārṣat-pradhānau — these two are the chief associates; iti — thinking thus; saṁhata-añjaliḥ — with joined palms
pārṣat-pradhānau — पार्षदों में प्रधान; iti — ऐसा (जानकर); saṁhata-añjaliḥ — हाथ जोड़े हुए
"These two are the foremost of the Lord's associates" — thinking this, he stood with his palms pressed together.
उन्हें पार्षदों में प्रधान जानकर, हाथ जोड़े हुए (उसने प्रणाम किया)।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
uttama-gāyaḥ śrī-madhudviṭ tasya kiṅkakarau tau vijñāya |
uttama-gāyaḥ śrī-madhudviṭUttama-gāya means Śrī Madhu-dviṭ (the Lord) — fixing who is being praised identity gloss: the verse's epithet equated with the Lord'उत्तम-गाय' अर्थात् श्री मधु-द्विट् (भगवान) — पद का विशेषण भगवान से एक कर दिया गया
tasya kiṅkakarau tauthose two are his servantsउनके वे दो किंकर
vijñāyaonce he recognized [this] — carrying over the verse's absolutiveजानकर
uttama-gāyaḥ — Uttama-gāya is; śrī-madhudviṭ — Śrī Madhu-dviṭ (the Lord); tasya kiṅkakarau tau — those two, his servants; vijñāya — once he recognized
uttama-gāyaḥ śrī-madhudviṭ — उत्तम-गाय अर्थात् श्री मधु-द्विट्; tasya kiṅkakarau tau — उनके वे दो किंकर; vijñāya — जानकर
Jīva fixes the epithet: Uttama-gāya, "excellently sung," is Śrī Madhu-dviṭ, the Lord himself. So the two are his servants, and Dhruva recognized them as such.
'उत्तम-गाय' भगवान श्री मधु-द्विट् हैं; उनके उन दो किंकरों को जानकर।
The word in the text is madhu-dviṣ; the commentary's madhu-dviṭ is the same name (the stem's final consonant surfacing before a pause).
मूल पाठ में शब्द मधु-द्विष् है; टीका का मधु-द्विट् वही नाम है (स्तम्भ का अन्तिम व्यंजन विराम से पहले इस रूप में प्रकट होता है)।
s2gloss
tatrāpi madhudviṣaḥ pārṣada-pradhānāv iti vijñāya |
tatrāpiand beyond that — a second thing he recognized tatra + api: not just servants, but ALSO the followingवहाँ भी अर्थात् केवल किंकर ही नहीं, इतना ही नहीं
madhudviṣaḥ pārṣada-pradhānauthe chief associates of Madhu-dviṣ (the Lord)मधु-द्विष् (भगवान) के पार्षदों में प्रधान
iti vijñāyathinking this, once he recognized itऐसा जानकर
tatrāpi — and beyond that; madhudviṣaḥ pārṣada-pradhānau — the chief associates of the Lord; iti vijñāya — thinking this, once he recognized
tatrāpi — वहाँ भी; madhudviṣaḥ pārṣada-pradhānau — मधु-द्विष् के पार्षदों में प्रधान; iti vijñāya — ऐसा जानकर
And beyond merely servants, Jīva says, Dhruva recognized a further point: "these two are the very chief among the Lord's associates."
इतना ही नहीं, उन्हें भगवान के पार्षदों में प्रधान भी जानकर।
s3gloss
abhyudyatas tadābhimukhyenodyata utthitaḥ sann ity-ādi yojyam |
abhyudyataḥthe word abhyudyata [Jīva's reading of the verse's abhyutthitaḥ] Jīva glosses a form abhyudyata against the printed abhyutthitaḥ — treat as the lemma he is unpackingअभ्युद्यत — (जीव इस रूप को खोलते हैं)
tad-ābhimukhyena udyataḥ utthitaḥ sanmeans: rising up, roused toward them by facing their directionउनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उद्यत अर्थात् उठ खड़ा होकर
ity-ādi yojyamand the rest [of the verse] is to be construed in the same way yojyam — supply/connect; Jīva leaves the reader to finish the parsingइत्यादि जोड़ लेना चाहिए (जीव शेष अन्वय पाठक पर छोड़ देते हैं)
abhyudyataḥ — the word abhyudyata; tad-ābhimukhyena udyataḥ utthitaḥ san — being roused and risen up by turning toward them; ity-ādi yojyam — and so on is to be construed
abhyudyataḥ — अभ्युद्यत; tad-ābhimukhyena udyataḥ utthitaḥ san — उनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उद्यत, उठ खड़ा होकर; ity-ādi yojyam — इत्यादि जोड़ लेना चाहिए
Jīva unpacks the rising: abhyudyata means he was roused and rose up, turning toward them. The rest of the verse, he says, is to be connected up the same way.
अभ्युद्यत का अर्थ है — उनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उद्यत, अर्थात् उठ खड़ा होकर; आगे का अन्वय इसी प्रकार जोड़ लेना चाहिए।
s4gloss
dhruva iti prakaraṇa-labdham ||
dhruvaḥ itithat the one acting is Dhruva the name never appears in the verse — supplied as the subject'ध्रुव' (कर्ता) — यह नाम श्लोक में कहीं नहीं आता, पूरक रूप से जोड़ा गया
prakaraṇa-labdhamis obtained from the context of the passage why we may name Dhruva at all: the surrounding section, not this verse, supplies himप्रकरण से प्राप्त — इसी कारण ध्रुव का नाम लिया जा सकता है
dhruvaḥ iti — that it is Dhruva; prakaraṇa-labdham — is gotten from the context
dhruvaḥ iti — 'ध्रुव' (कर्ता के रूप में); prakaraṇa-labdham — प्रकरण से प्राप्त
The verse never names its subject. Jīva notes that we know it is Dhruva only from the context of the surrounding passage.
कर्ता 'ध्रुव' है — यह नाम श्लोक में नहीं, अपितु आसपास के प्रकरण से प्राप्त होता है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
uttama-gāyo bhagavān tasya kiṅkakarau tau sunanda-nandanau vijñāya tatrāpi pārṣada-pradhānāv iti vijñāya abhyudyatas tadābhimukhyenotthitaḥ sann ity-ādi yojyam |
uttama-gāyo bhagavānUttama-gāya is Bhagavān (the Lord) — fixing the epithet identity gloss, as Jīva did'उत्तम-गाय' अर्थात् भगवान (जीव के समान ही पहचान)
tasya kiṅkarau tau sunanda-nandanauthose two servants of his, [namely] Sunanda and Nanda Viśvanātha names the pair the verse leaves unnamedउनके वे दो किंकर सुनन्द और नन्द
vijñāyaonce he recognized [them]जानकर
tatrāpi pārṣada-pradhānau iti vijñāyaand beyond that, recognizing "these are the chief associates"इतना ही नहीं, पार्षदों में प्रधान भी, ऐसा जानकर
abhyudyataḥ tad-ābhimukhyena utthitaḥ sanabhyudyata means: risen up by turning toward themअभ्युद्यत अर्थात् उनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उठ खड़ा होकर
ity-ādi yojyamand the rest is to be construed likewiseइत्यादि जोड़ लेना चाहिए
uttama-gāyo bhagavān — Uttama-gāya is the Lord; tasya kiṅkarau tau sunanda-nandanau — his two servants, Sunanda and Nanda; vijñāya — once recognized; tatrāpi pārṣada-pradhānau iti vijñāya — and beyond that, recognized as chief associates; abhyudyataḥ tad-ābhimukhyena utthitaḥ san — abhyudyata being risen up facing them; ity-ādi yojyam — the rest to be construed
uttama-gāyo bhagavān — उत्तम-गाय अर्थात् भगवान; tasya kiṅkarau tau sunanda-nandanau — उनके वे दो किंकर सुनन्द और नन्द; vijñāya — जानकर; tatrāpi pārṣada-pradhānau iti vijñāya — इतना ही नहीं, पार्षद-प्रधान जानकर; abhyudyataḥ tad-ābhimukhyena utthitaḥ san — उनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उठ खड़ा होकर; ity-ādi yojyam — इत्यादि जोड़ लेना चाहिए
Viśvanātha runs the same glosses: Uttama-gāya is the Lord, and the two servants — whom he names as Sunanda and Nanda — Dhruva recognized, and beyond that recognized as the chief associates. Abhyudyata means he rose up turning toward them; the rest follows the same way.
'उत्तम-गाय' भगवान हैं; उनके उन दो किंकरों सुनन्द और नन्द को, और उन्हें पार्षदों में प्रधान भी, जानकर; उनकी ओर अभिमुख होकर उठ खड़ा होकर — इस प्रकार आगे का अन्वय जोड़ लेना चाहिए।
The pair's names, Sunanda and Nanda, are Viśvanātha's identification; the verse itself leaves them unnamed.
उन दोनों के नाम सुनन्द और नन्द विश्वनाथ की पहचान हैं; श्लोक स्वयं उन्हें अनाम छोड़ देता है।
s2gloss
dhruva iti prakaraṇa-labdham ||
dhruvaḥ itithat the one acting is Dhruva'ध्रुव' (कर्ता के रूप में)
prakaraṇa-labdhamis obtained from the context of the passage the subject's name comes from the surrounding section, not the verseप्रकरण से प्राप्त — कर्ता का नाम श्लोक से नहीं, आसपास के प्रकरण से आता है
dhruvaḥ iti — that it is Dhruva; prakaraṇa-labdham — is gotten from the context
dhruvaḥ iti — 'ध्रुव' (कर्ता); prakaraṇa-labdham — प्रकरण से प्राप्त
Viśvanātha, like Jīva, notes that the subject is Dhruva only by the context of the passage, since the verse does not say so.
कर्ता 'ध्रुव' है — यह नाम श्लोक से नहीं, अपितु आसपास के प्रकरण से प्राप्त होता है।