(35) vinayī—
auddhatya-parihārī yaḥ kathyate vinayīty asau ||
yathā māgha-kāvye (13.7)—
avaloka eṣa nṛpateḥ sudūrato
rabhasād rathād avatarītum icchataḥ |
avatīrṇavān prathamam ātmanā harir
vinayaṁ viśeṣayati sambhrameṇa saḥ ||quoted · vinayī
The verse — decoded
L1definition
auddhatya-parihārī yaḥ kathyate vinayīty asau ||
auddhatya-parihārīone who keeps arrogance away, who shuns insolenceजो उद्धतता (घमंड) का परिहार कर देता है
yaḥhe whoजो
kathyateis calledकहा जाता है
vinayī iti"vinayī", the modest one'विनयी' इस नाम से
asauthat heroवह
yaḥ auddhatya-parihārī — he who shuns arrogance; asau — that one; vinayī iti — as "the modest one"; kathyate — is called.
auddhatya-parihārī — जो उद्धतता का परिहार करता है; yaḥ — जो; asau — वह; vinayī iti — 'विनयी' इस नाम से; kathyate — कहा जाता है।
The hero who keeps all arrogance away is called vinayī, "the modest one." That is the whole definition: humility is his mark.
जो उद्धतता अर्थात् घमंड को छोड़ देता है, वह 'विनयी' कहलाता है।
This is the lakṣaṇa (defining verse) of vinayī, one of the hero's guṇas catalogued here in the Dakṣiṇa-vibhāga; the four Māgha-kāvya lines that follow (L2–L5) are its udāharaṇa (illustration).
यह विनयी का लक्षण-श्लोक है — दक्षिण-विभाग में गिनाए गए नायक के गुणों में से एक। आगे की चार पंक्तियाँ (L2–L5) माघ-काव्य से ली गई इसकी उदाहरण हैं।
L2example
avaloka eṣa nṛpateḥ sudūrato
avalokaḥthe being-sighted, the glimpse (of Hari)देखना, दर्शन
eṣaḥthis veryयह
nṛpateḥby the king genitive as agent of the sighting; Viśvanātha names the king Yudhiṣṭhiraराजा (युधिष्ठिर) के द्वारा
sudūrataḥfrom very far offबहुत दूर से ही
eṣaḥ avalokaḥ — this very glimpse; nṛpateḥ — by the king; sudūrataḥ — from very far off.
eṣaḥ avalokaḥ — यह जो देखना; nṛpateḥ — राजा (युधिष्ठिर) के द्वारा; sudūrataḥ — बहुत दूर से ही (हुआ)।
The moment Hari is caught sight of, even from a great distance, by the king. Viśvanātha reads the king as Yudhiṣṭhira. The picture is being set: the king spots Hari's chariot far away.
राजा युधिष्ठिर ने बहुत दूर से ही यह दर्शन किया।
An udāharaṇa of vinayī, quoted from the Māgha-kāvya (Śiśupāla-vadha 13.7).
यह विनयी की उदाहरण है, माघ-काव्य (शिशुपाल-वध १३.७) से उद्धृत।
L3example
rabhasād rathād avatarītum icchataḥ |
rabhasātin his eagerness, impetuously ablative of manner; Viśvanātha glosses vegāt, "with speed"वेग से
rathātfrom his chariotरथ से
avatarītumto climb downउतरने के लिए
icchataḥof the one wishing genitive present participle continuing nṛpateḥ from L2 — the king who is longing to descendइच्छा करते हुए (उसी राजा) का
rabhasāt — eagerly; rathāt — from the chariot; avatarītum — to climb down; icchataḥ — of the [king] wishing (to do so).
rabhasāt — वेग से; rathāt — रथ से; avatarītum — उतरने के लिए; icchataḥ — इच्छा करते हुए (राजा) का।
The king, in his eagerness, is already wanting to leap down from his own chariot. Viśvanātha spells rabhasāt as "with speed." So Yudhiṣṭhira is impatient to get down and greet Hari.
जो राजा वेग से रथ से उतरना चाहता था।
L4example
avatīrṇavān prathamam ātmanā harir
avatīrṇavānhad already climbed downउतर गए
prathamamfirst, ahead (of the king)पहले ही
ātmanāby his own person, himself instrumental; Viśvanātha glosses dehena, "with his own body" — not by a servantस्वयं अपने शरीर से
hariḥHari, Kṛṣṇa (the subject)हरि (कृष्ण)
hariḥ — Hari; prathamam — first; ātmanā — by his own person; avatīrṇavān — had climbed down.
hariḥ — हरि; ātmanā — स्वयं अपने शरीर से; prathamam — पहले ही; avatīrṇavān — (रथ से) उतर गए।
But Hari has already gotten down first, by his own body. He does not wait for the king, and does not send a servant. He steps down himself, ahead of the king who was still only wishing to.
हरि पहले ही स्वयं अपने शरीर से रथ से उतर गए, किसी सेवक के द्वारा नहीं।
L5example
vinayaṁ viśeṣayati sambhrameṇa saḥ ||
vinayamhumility, modesty (the object)विनय को
viśeṣayatihe sets apart, raises to a special pitchविशेष रूप से प्रकट करते हैं
sambhrameṇawith reverent flurry, with hurried deference instrumental of manner — the eager haste that shows respectआदरपूर्ण उतावली से
saḥhe, that Hariवे
saḥ — he; sambhrameṇa — with reverent flurry; vinayam — humility; viśeṣayati — raises to a special height.
saḥ — वे; sambhrameṇa — आदरपूर्ण उतावली से; vinayam — विनय को; viśeṣayati — विशेष रूप से प्रकट करते हैं।
By that reverent rush to get down first, he lifts humility to a special height. This is the point of the whole illustration: Hari out-humbles even the humble king, and so shows exactly what vinayī means.
वे आदरभरी उतावली से अपने विनय को विशेष रूप में प्रकट करते हैं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1other
na vyākhyātam.
na vyākhyātamnot commented uponव्याख्या नहीं की गई
na vyākhyātam — [it is] not explained.
na vyākhyātam — (यहाँ) व्याख्या नहीं की गई।
Jīva offers no comment here. He simply notes that he leaves the verse unexplained.
जीव गोस्वामी ने इस पर कोई व्याख्या नहीं की।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
rabhasād vegād rathād avatarītum icchato nṛpater yudhiṣṭhirasya dūrata avalokita eva hariḥ sambhrameṇātmanā dehena prathamaṁ rathād avatīrṇavān |
rabhasāt vegāt"rabhasāt" means "with speed"'रभस' अर्थात् वेग से
rathāt avatarītum icchataḥ nṛpateḥ yudhiṣṭhirasyaof the king — namely Yudhiṣṭhira — who wished to climb down from his chariot Viśvanātha names the unnamed nṛpati as Yudhiṣṭhiraरथ से उतरने की इच्छा करते हुए राजा युधिष्ठिर के द्वारा
dūrataḥ avalokitaḥ eva hariḥHari, the very instant he was sighted from afar eva marks the immediacy — no sooner seen than actingदूर से देखे जाते ही हरि
sambhrameṇawith reverent flurryआदरपूर्ण उतावली से
ātmanā dehena"ātmanā" means "with his own body"'आत्मना' अर्थात् स्वयं अपने शरीर से
prathamam rathāt avatīrṇavānclimbed down from the chariot firstपहले ही रथ से उतर गए
rabhasāt — vegāt (with speed); rathāt avatarītum icchataḥ nṛpateḥ yudhiṣṭhirasya — of King Yudhiṣṭhira, who wished to climb down from his chariot; dūrataḥ avalokitaḥ eva hariḥ — Hari, the moment he was sighted from afar; sambhrameṇa ātmanā dehena — with reverent flurry, by his own body; prathamam rathāt avatīrṇavān — climbed down from the chariot first.
rabhasāt (vegāt) — वेग से; rathāt avatarītum icchataḥ nṛpateḥ yudhiṣṭhirasya — रथ से उतरने की इच्छा करते हुए राजा युधिष्ठिर के द्वारा; dūrataḥ avalokitaḥ eva — दूर से देखे जाते ही; hariḥ sambhrameṇa ātmanā (dehena) prathamam rathāt avatīrṇavān — हरि आदरपूर्ण उतावली से स्वयं अपने शरीर से पहले ही रथ से उतर गए।
Viśvanātha unpacks the picture. rabhasāt means "with speed." The king is Yudhiṣṭhira, eager to step down from his chariot. But the very moment Hari is spotted from far off, Hari — with a reverent rush, by his own body — has already climbed down from his chariot first. He fixes ātmanā as "with his own body," ruling out any thought that a servant helped him.
वेग से रथ से उतरने की इच्छा करते हुए राजा युधिष्ठिर के द्वारा दूर से देखे जाते ही हरि आदरपूर्ण उतावली से स्वयं अपने शरीर से पहले ही रथ से उतर गए।
s2conclusion
ataḥ sa harir vinayaṁ viśeṣayati anyāpekṣayā viśeṣaṁ karoti ||
ataḥtherefore, for this reasonइसलिए
saḥ hariḥthat Hariवे हरि
vinayam viśeṣayatisets his humility apartविनय को विशेष रूप से प्रकट करते हैं
anya-apekṣayā viśeṣaṁ karotithat is, he makes it special by comparison with everyone else Viśvanātha's paraphrase of viśeṣayati: viśeṣaṁ karoti, "makes a distinction"अर्थात् दूसरों की अपेक्षा में विशेषता कर देते हैं
ataḥ — therefore; saḥ hariḥ — that Hari; vinayam viśeṣayati — sets humility apart; anya-apekṣayā viśeṣaṁ karoti — i.e. makes it special in comparison with others.
ataḥ — इसलिए; saḥ hariḥ — वे हरि; vinayam viśeṣayati — विनय को विशेष रूप से प्रकट करते हैं; anya-apekṣayā viśeṣaṁ karoti — दूसरों की अपेक्षा में विशेषता कर देते हैं।
Therefore, Viśvanātha concludes, Hari "sets his humility apart" — meaning he makes it stand out over everyone else's. By getting down first, ahead of the honored king, his modesty outdoes all others', and that is what marks him as vinayī.
इसलिए वे हरि विनय को विशेष रूप में प्रकट करते हैं — अर्थात् दूसरों की अपेक्षा में उसमें विशेषता कर देते हैं।