na katame
(17) kṛtajñaḥ—
kṛtajñaḥ syād abhijño yaḥ kṛta-sevādi-karmaṇām ||
yathā mahābhārate—
ṛṇam etat pravṛddhaṁ me hṛdayān nāpasarpati |
yad govindeti cukrośa kṛṣṇā māṁ dūra-vāsinam ||quoted · kṛtajñaḥ
The verse — decoded
L1definition
kṛtajñaḥ syād abhijño yaḥ kṛta-sevādi-karmaṇām ||
kṛtajñaḥ"grateful" — the quality being definedकृतज्ञ (जो अपने प्रति किए हुए उपकार को जानता है)
syātwould be so called optative giving the definitionवह कहलाता है (विधिलिङ्, जो लक्षण देता है)
abhijñaḥ yaḥthe one who stays fully mindfulजो भलीभाँति जानने वाला / स्मरण रखने वाला है
kṛta-sevā-ādi-karmaṇāmof the acts of service and the like done for him objective genitive; ādi = 'and the rest'अपने प्रति की गई सेवा आदि कर्मों का (कर्म-षष्ठी; आदि से 'तथा और भी')
yaḥ — the one who; kṛta-sevā-ādi-karmaṇām abhijñaḥ — stays mindful of the service and other acts done for him; kṛtajñaḥ syāt — would be called grateful.
kṛtajñaḥ — कृतज्ञ; syāt — वह कहलाता है; abhijñaḥ yaḥ — जो भलीभाँति जानने वाला है; kṛta-sevā-ādi-karmaṇām — की गई सेवा आदि कर्मों का
Kṛṣṇa is called grateful (kṛtajña) when he keeps in mind every act of service done for him. Whoever holds on to the good others have done — the service and the rest — is grateful. This is the definition of the quality; the Mahābhārata verse that follows shows it in Kṛṣṇa's own voice.
जो अपने प्रति की गई सेवा आदि कर्मों को भलीभाँति जानता और स्मरण रखता है, वह कृतज्ञ कहलाता है।
The lakṣaṇa (definition) of kṛtajña, 'grateful,' one of Kṛṣṇa's qualities in the sādhāraṇa-guṇa list; the following two lines are its udāharaṇa, quoted from the Mahābhārata.
यह कृतज्ञ का लक्षण है — कृष्ण के साधारण-गुणों की सूची में एक गुण। आगे की दो पंक्तियाँ इसका उदाहरण हैं, जो महाभारत से उद्धृत हैं।
L2example
ṛṇam etat pravṛddhaṁ me hṛdayān nāpasarpati |
ṛṇam etatthis debtयह ऋण
pravṛddhamgrown great, ever-mountingअत्यन्त बढ़ा हुआ
methat I owe genitive of the debtorमेरा (ऋणी की षष्ठी)
hṛdayātfrom my heart ablative of separation with apasarpatiहृदय से (अपसर्पण के साथ पञ्चमी)
na apasarpatinever slips awayदूर नहीं होता / नहीं हटता
etat me ṛṇam — this debt of mine; pravṛddham — grown great; hṛdayāt na apasarpati — never slips from my heart.
ṛṇam etat — यह ऋण; pravṛddham — बढ़ा हुआ; me — मेरा; hṛdayāt — हृदय से; na apasarpati — दूर नहीं होता
"This debt of mine has grown great, and it never leaves my heart." Kṛṣṇa is the speaker. He feels he owes something he can never stop remembering — the very mark of a grateful person just defined.
मेरा यह बढ़ा हुआ ऋण मेरे हृदय से दूर नहीं होता।
L3example
yad govindeti cukrośa kṛṣṇā māṁ dūra-vāsinam ||
yatbecause — it names what the debt is for yat = 'in that / because', giving the ground of the debtजिस कारण से / क्योंकि (ऋण का आधार बताते हुए)
govinda itithe cry "O Govinda!" iti quotes her call'गोविन्द' ऐसा कहकर ('इति' उसकी पुकार को उद्धृत करता है)
cukrośashe cried outजोर से पुकारा / चिल्लाई
kṛṣṇāKṛṣṇā (Draupadī) did so feminine; the subject of cukrośaकृष्णा (द्रौपदी; स्त्रीलिंग, पुकारने वाली कर्ता)
mām dūra-vāsinamcalling to me though I was living far away accusative object of the cry; dūra-vāsinam agrees with māmदूर रहने वाले मुझको (पुकार का कर्म; 'दूर-वासिनम्' 'माम्' का विशेषण)
yat kṛṣṇā — because Draupadī; dūra-vāsinam mām — to me, dwelling far away; govinda iti cukrośa — cried out "O Govinda!"
yat — क्योंकि; govinda iti — 'गोविन्द' कहकर; cukrośa — पुकारा; kṛṣṇā — कृष्णा (द्रौपदी) ने; mām dūra-vāsinam — दूर रहने वाले मुझको
"—because Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) cried out 'O Govinda!' to me, even though I was living far away." That single cry, made when he was nowhere near, is the service he can never repay. He counts even a call for help as a debt he owes — showing the gratitude the definition names.
क्योंकि दूर रहने वाले मुझको कृष्णा (द्रौपदी) ने 'गोविन्द' कहकर पुकारा था।