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Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 1.2.166
41. atha śrī-mūrter darśanam, yathā vārāhe—
vṛndāvane tu govindaṁ ye paśyanti vasundhare |
na te yama-puraṁ yānti yānti puṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ||quoted · vārāhe
The verse — decoded
L1citation
vṛndāvane tu govindaṁ ye paśyanti vasundhare |
vṛndāvanein Vṛndāvana locative of placeवृन्दावन में
tuand now / but (marking this special case) particleतो (जो लोग)
govindamGovinda (Kṛṣṇa) accusative, object of 'see'गोविन्द को (जिन्हें देखते हैं)
yethose who nominative plural relativeजो लोग
paśyantisee, look upon (him) present, 3rd pluralदर्शन करते हैं
vasundhareO Earth (goddess Vasundharā, addressed) vocativeहे वसुन्धरे! (पृथ्वी को सम्बोधन)
vasundhare — O Earth; ye — those who; vṛndāvane — in Vṛndāvana; govindam — Govinda; tu — and now; paśyanti — see him
vṛndāvane — वृन्दावन में; tu — तो; govindam — गोविन्द को; ye — जो लोग; paśyanti — देखते हैं; vasundhare — हे वसुन्धरे (पृथ्वी)।
O Earth, this is said to the goddess Vasundharā. There are people who see Govinda in Vṛndāvana. The verse is about them — those who actually look upon Kṛṣṇa in his own dhāma.
हे वसुन्धरे! जो लोग वृन्दावन में गोविन्द का दर्शन करते हैं —
Why cited: The Vārāha Purāṇa verse Rūpa quotes to establish the glory of seeing the sacred form (śrī-mūrti-darśana) of Govinda in Vṛndāvana.
क्यों उद्धृत: रूप गोस्वामी द्वारा उद्धृत वाराह-पुराण का श्लोक, जो वृन्दावन में गोविन्द के श्रीमूर्ति-दर्शन की महिमा स्थापित करता है।
govinda: broadly 'protector/finder of cows'; here the personal name of Kṛṣṇa as the deity of Vṛndāvana.
गोविन्द: व्यापक अर्थ में 'गौओं का रक्षक/पालक'; यहाँ वृन्दावन के अधिष्ठातृ-देव रूप में कृष्ण का व्यक्तिगत नाम।
L2citation
na te yama-puraṁ yānti yānti puṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ||
nanot negationनहीं
tethey (those seers) nominative plural, resuming 'ye'वे (वही लोग)
yama-puramto the city of Yama (the abode of death, where the impious are judged) accusative of goalयमपुरी को
yāntigo present, 3rd pluralजाते हैं
yāntithey go (instead) present, 3rd plural — second occurrence(अपितु) जाते हैं
puṇya-kṛtāmof those who have done pious deeds genitive pluralपुण्यकर्मियों की
gatimto the destination, the goal reached accusative of goalगति को
te — they; yama-puram — to Yama's city; na yānti — do not go; puṇya-kṛtām — of the doers of pious deeds; gatim — the destination; yānti — they go
na — नहीं; te — वे; yama-puram — यमपुरी को; yānti — जाते हैं; yānti — (अपितु) जाते हैं; puṇya-kṛtām — पुण्यकर्मियों की; gatim — गति को।
Those who see Govinda in Vṛndāvana do not go to the city of Yama. They do not face death's judgment. Instead they go to the destination reached by people who have done pious deeds. The verse states this reward in the ordinary language of pious merit.
वे यमपुरी को नहीं जाते; अपितु पुण्यात्माओं की गति को प्राप्त होते हैं।
Why cited: Names the fruit promised for darśana — escape from Yama and attainment of the goal of the pious — which the commentators (Jīva, Viśvanātha) then reinterpret.
क्यों उद्धृत: दर्शन का फल बताता है — यम से छुटकारा और पुण्यात्माओं की गति की प्राप्ति — जिसकी टीकाकार (जीव, विश्वनाथ) आगे पुनर्व्याख्या करते हैं।
yama-pura: in the general tradition, the hall where Yama judges the dead; here the fate the darśana-seer is exempt from.
यमपुर: सामान्य परम्परा में वह सभा जहाँ यम मृतकों का न्याय करते हैं; यहाँ वह गति जिससे दर्शन करने वाला मुक्त रहता है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
atha sarvān prati darśana-māhātmyaṁ ca sarvāsām arcānāṁ vadan bhakty-āveśa-viśeṣād upary upari parisphūrtyā śrīmad-arcā-viśeṣāyamānasya sākṣād-bhagavataḥ śrī-govinda-devasya darśane māhātmya-viśeṣam āha—vṛndāvana iti |
athanow (he takes up a new point) opening particleअब
sarvān pratifor everyone, addressed to all prati + accusativeसब के प्रति
darśana-māhātmyamthe glory of seeing (the deity) accusative, object of 'speaking'दर्शन के माहात्म्य को
caand connectiveऔर
sarvāsām arcānāmof all the worshipped forms (deities) genitive pluralसमस्त अर्चा-विग्रहों के (दर्शन का)
vadanwhile speaking of, having stated present participle, nominativeकहते हुए
bhakty-āveśa-viśeṣātbecause of a special absorption in devotion ablative of causeक्योंकि भक्ति का विशेष आवेश होता है, उसके कारण
upary uparihigher and higher, at ever-rising levels adverbial reduplicationउत्तरोत्तर (क्रमशः अधिकाधिक)
parisphūrtyāby his shining forth, his vivid self-revealing instrumental of meansस्फुरण के द्वारा
śrīmad-arcā-viśeṣāyamānasyaof him who becomes, as it were, the most special of all worshipful deities genitive, denominative participleजो एक विशिष्ट श्री-अर्चा-मूर्ति के रूप में प्रकट हो रहे, उनके
sākṣād-bhagavataḥof the Lord himself, directly present genitiveसाक्षात् भगवान् के
śrī-govinda-devasyaof Śrī Govinda-deva genitive, the deity namedश्रीगोविन्ददेव के
darśanein the seeing of (him) locativeदर्शन के विषय में
māhātmya-viśeṣama special glory, a glory above the rest accusative, object of 'āha'विशेष माहात्म्य को
āhahe (the author) states perfect, 3rd singularकहा (कहते हैं)
vṛndāvana itiin the verse beginning 'vṛndāvane…' pratīka (verse-tag)'वृन्दावन' इस पद से
atha — now; sarvān prati — to everyone; sarvāsām arcānām — of all deities; darśana-māhātmyam ca — and the glory of their darśana; vadan — having spoken of; bhakty-āveśa-viśeṣāt — because of a special devotional absorption; upary upari parisphūrtyā — by shining forth higher and higher; śrīmad-arcā-viśeṣāyamānasya — of him who stands out as the most special worshipful form; sākṣād-bhagavataḥ — of the Lord in person; śrī-govinda-devasya — of Śrī Govinda-deva; darśane — in seeing him; māhātmya-viśeṣam — a special glory; āha — he states; vṛndāvana iti — namely in 'vṛndāvane…'.
atha — अब; sarvān prati — सब के प्रति; darśana-māhātmyam — दर्शन-माहात्म्य को; ca — और; sarvāsām arcānām — समस्त अर्चा-विग्रहों के; vadan — कहते हुए; bhakty-āveśa-viśeṣāt — भक्ति के विशेष आवेश के कारण; upary upari — उत्तरोत्तर; parisphūrtyā — स्फुरण के द्वारा; śrīmad-arcā-viśeṣāyamānasya — जो एक विशिष्ट श्री-अर्चा-मूर्ति के रूप में प्रकट हो रहे, उनके; sākṣād-bhagavataḥ — साक्षात् भगवान् के; śrī-govinda-devasya — श्रीगोविन्ददेव के; darśane — दर्शन में; māhātmya-viśeṣam — विशेष माहात्म्य को; āha — कहा; vṛndāvana iti — 'वृन्दावन' इस पद से।
Jīva sets up the verse. Up to now the author has spoken of the glory of seeing the deity in general, a glory shared by all worshipful forms. Now he singles out one. Śrī Govinda-deva is the Lord present in person. Through intense devotional absorption he keeps revealing himself more and more vividly, so that he stands out as the most special of all deities. So the author now states the special glory of seeing him — this is the point of the verse 'vṛndāvane…'.
सब के प्रति समस्त अर्चा-विग्रहों के दर्शन का माहात्म्य कहते हुए, ग्रन्थकार अब — भक्ति के विशेष आवेश के कारण उत्तरोत्तर स्फुरण के द्वारा जो एक विशिष्ट श्री-अर्चा-मूर्ति के रूप में प्रकट हो रहे हैं, उन साक्षात् भगवान् श्रीगोविन्ददेव के दर्शन का विशेष माहात्म्य 'वृन्दावन' इस श्लोक से कहते हैं।
arcā: the worshipped deity-form; here Jīva distinguishes the general arcā-darśana from the higher case where the arcā is Govinda-deva revealing himself as sākṣād-bhagavān.
अर्चा: पूजित विग्रह-रूप; यहाँ जीव गोस्वामी सामान्य अर्चा-दर्शन को उस उच्चतर स्थिति से पृथक् करते हैं, जहाँ अर्चा स्वयं गोविन्ददेव साक्षात् भगवान् रूप में प्रकट होते हैं।
s2gloss
yānti pūṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim iti sa vai puṁsāṁ paro dharmo yato bhaktir adhokṣaje iti nyāyena suvicāravatāṁ sarva-sat-karmaṇām ekānta-gatiṁ bhakty-ākhya-parama-puruṣārtha-siddhim āpnuvantīty arthaḥ ||
yānti puṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim itias for the phrase 'they go to the destination of the doers of pious deeds' pratīka of the mūla phrase being glossed'पुण्यकृतों की गति को जाते हैं' — इस पद का
sa vai puṁsāṁ paro dharmo yato bhaktir adhokṣaje iti nyāyenaby the principle of the verse 'that is the highest dharma for people from which arises devotion to the Lord beyond the senses' instrumental — 'by the maxim that…''वही मनुष्यों का परम धर्म है जिससे अधोक्षज में भक्ति हो' — इस न्याय के अनुसार
suvicāravatāmof those who reason well, the discerning genitive pluralसुविचारशील (विवेकी) पुरुषों के
sarva-sat-karmaṇāmof all good, pious works genitive pluralसमस्त सत्कर्मों की
ekānta-gatimthe one sole goal, the single true destination accusative, in apposition to what followsएकमात्र (एकान्त) गति को
bhakty-ākhya-parama-puruṣārtha-siddhimthe attainment of the highest human goal, which is called bhakti accusative, the real referent of 'gati'अर्थात् भक्ति नामक परम पुरुषार्थ की सिद्धि को
āpnuvantithey attain, they reach present, 3rd pluralप्राप्त करते हैं
iti arthaḥthis is the meaning closing formulaयह अर्थ है।
yānti puṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim iti — the phrase 'they go to the goal of the pious'; sa vai puṁsāṁ… iti nyāyena — by the maxim 'that is the highest dharma from which bhakti to the Lord arises'; suvicāravatām — for the discerning; sarva-sat-karmaṇām — of all good works; ekānta-gatim — the one true goal; bhakty-ākhya-parama-puruṣārtha-siddhim — namely attainment of the supreme goal called bhakti; āpnuvanti — they attain; iti arthaḥ — this is the meaning.
yānti puṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim iti — 'पुण्यकृतों की गति को जाते हैं' इस पद का; sa vai puṁsāṁ paro dharmo yato bhaktir adhokṣaje iti nyāyena — 'वही मनुष्यों का परम धर्म है जिससे अधोक्षज में भक्ति हो' इस न्याय से; suvicāravatām — सुविचारशील पुरुषों के; sarva-sat-karmaṇām — समस्त सत्कर्मों की; ekānta-gatim — एकमात्र गति को; bhakty-ākhya-parama-puruṣārtha-siddhim — भक्ति नामक परम पुरुषार्थ की सिद्धि को; āpnuvanti — प्राप्त करते हैं; iti arthaḥ — यह अर्थ है।
Jīva glosses the phrase 'they go to the destination of the pious.' He reads it through the Bhāgavata maxim: the highest dharma is the one from which devotion to the transcendent Lord arises. So for people who reason rightly, the one true goal of all their good works is bhakti itself. 'The destination of the pious' therefore means the attainment of the supreme human goal, which is called bhakti. That, he says, is the real meaning of the phrase.
'पुण्यकृतों की गति को जाते हैं' — इसका अर्थ यह है: 'वही मनुष्यों का परम धर्म है जिससे अधोक्षज (भगवान्) में भक्ति उत्पन्न हो' — इस न्याय के अनुसार, सुविचारशील पुरुषों के समस्त सत्कर्मों की जो एकमात्र गति है — अर्थात् भक्ति नामक परम पुरुषार्थ की सिद्धि — उसी को वे प्राप्त करते हैं।
puruṣārtha: the four aims of human life (dharma, artha, kāma, mokṣa); here bhakti is named the parama-puruṣārtha, the goal above all four.
पुरुषार्थ: मानव-जीवन के चार लक्ष्य (धर्म, अर्थ, काम, मोक्ष); यहाँ भक्ति को परम पुरुषार्थ कहा गया है — इन चारों से ऊपर का लक्ष्य।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
pūṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ity ādau sarvatra phala-śravaṇaṁ bahirmukha-pravṛtty-artham eva |
pūṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ity ādauin phrases such as 'the destination of the pious' and the like locative — 'in cases beginning with…''पुण्यकृतों की गति' इत्यादि स्थलों में
sarvatraeverywhere, in every such place adverbसर्वत्र (सब जगह)
phala-śravaṇamthe mention of a reward / fruit that is heard nominative, subjectफल का श्रवण (फल-कथन)
bahirmukha-pravṛtty-arthamin order to prompt the outward-facing to take up the practice accusative of purpose — 'for the sake of…'बहिर्मुख जनों को प्रवृत्त करने के लिए
evaonly, merely (nothing more than that) restrictive particleही (केवल इसी हेतु)
pūṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ity ādau — in expressions like 'the goal of the pious'; sarvatra — everywhere; phala-śravaṇam — the stated reward; bahirmukha-pravṛtty-artham eva — is only to engage the outward-facing in practice.
pūṇya-kṛtāṁ gatim ity ādau — 'पुण्यकृतों की गति' इत्यादि स्थलों में; sarvatra — सर्वत्र; phala-śravaṇam — फल का कथन; bahirmukha-pravṛtty-artham — बहिर्मुख जनों की प्रवृत्ति के लिए; eva — ही।
Viśvanātha explains the reward-language. In phrases like 'the destination of the pious,' and everywhere such rewards are mentioned, the point is only practical. Such fruits are named merely to draw outward-facing people — those still turned away from Kṛṣṇa — into taking up the practice. The reward is bait for beginners, not the real goal.
'पुण्यकृतों की गति' इत्यादि स्थलों में सर्वत्र फल का जो कथन है, वह बहिर्मुख जनों को (साधना में) प्रवृत्त करने के लिए ही है।
bahirmukha: literally 'facing outward,' i.e. turned away from the Lord toward worldly ends; here the audience who needs the promise of a reward to begin.
बहिर्मुख: शब्दशः 'बाहर की ओर मुख किए हुए', अर्थात् भगवान् से विमुख होकर सांसारिक फलों की ओर उन्मुख; यहाँ वे श्रोता जिन्हें आरम्भ करने के लिए फल के प्रलोभन की आवश्यकता होती है।
s2conclusion
niṣkāmānāṁ tu ratir eva mukhya-phalam iti grantha-kṛd eva paścād vyākhyāsyate ||
niṣkāmānāmfor the desireless (who want no reward) genitive pluralनिष्काम भक्तों के लिए
tubut (by contrast) contrastive particleपरन्तु
ratiḥloving attachment (rati, devotional love) itself nominative, subjectरति (भक्ति-प्रेम)
evaalone, precisely emphatic particleही
mukhya-phalamis the chief, primary fruit nominative predicateमुख्य फल है
iti— this (point) quotative, closing the thesisयह (बात)
grantha-kṛtthe author of the book (Rūpa Gosvāmī) himself nominative, agentस्वयं ग्रन्थकार
evahimself, no less emphatic particleही
paścātlater on, further ahead in the text adverb of timeआगे (बाद में)
vyākhyāsyatewill explain future passive, 3rd singularव्याख्या करेंगे (समझाया जाएगा)
niṣkāmānām tu — but for the desireless; ratiḥ eva — loving attachment alone; mukhya-phalam — is the chief fruit; iti — this; grantha-kṛt eva — the author himself; paścāt — later; vyākhyāsyate — will explain.
niṣkāmānām — निष्काम भक्तों के लिए; tu — परन्तु; ratiḥ — रति; eva — ही; mukhya-phalam — मुख्य फल; iti — यह; grantha-kṛt — ग्रन्थकार; eva — स्वयं ही; paścāt — आगे; vyākhyāsyate — व्याख्या करेंगे।
Viśvanātha draws the contrast and the conclusion. For the desireless — those seeking no reward — the chief fruit is nothing but rati, loving attachment to Kṛṣṇa. And this is not merely his own claim. The author of the book, Rūpa Gosvāmī himself, will make this very point later in the text. So the promised 'destination' is a beginner's inducement; rati is the real fruit, as the author will show.
परन्तु निष्काम भक्तों के लिए तो रति ही मुख्य फल है — यह बात स्वयं ग्रन्थकार ही आगे व्याख्या करेंगे।
rati: the awakened devotional love that is the seed of the higher rasa; contrasted here with the outward 'phala' offered to beginners.
रति: जाग्रत भक्ति-प्रेम, जो उच्चतर रस का बीज है; यहाँ इसे आरम्भकर्ताओं को दिखाए जाने वाले बाह्य 'फल' के विपरीत रखा गया है।