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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaViśvanāthaViṣṇudāsa
UN 15.219
vyatītya turyām api saṁśritānāṁ
tāṁ pañcamīṁ prema-mayīm avasthām |
na sambhavaty eva hari-priyāṇāṁ
svapno rajo-vṛtti-vijṛmbhito yaḥ ||
The verse — decoded
L1definition
vyatītya turyām api saṁśritānāṁ
vyatītyahaving transcended, having left [it] behindपार करके
turyām apieven the fourth state (turīya) accusative object of vyatītya; api = 'even' — pushing past the very highest ordinary stateतुरीय अवस्था को भी — उस सर्वोच्च सामान्य दशा तक को लाँघते हुए
saṁśritānāṁof those who have fully taken shelter of / reached [it] genitive plural, held open until hari-priyāṇāṁ (L3); its object is avasthām (L2)जिन्होंने आश्रय लिया है, उन (भक्तों) की
turyām api vyatītya — having transcended even the fourth state; saṁśritānāṁ — of those who have taken shelter of [the state named in L2].
vyatītya — पार करके; turyām api — तुरीय अवस्था को भी; saṁśritānāṁ — जिन्होंने (उस पाँचवीं अवस्था का) आश्रय लिया है, उनकी
Rūpa lays down the special case of Hari's beloveds. Transcending even the fourth state — turīya, the highest of the ordinary conditions — they have taken shelter of a state still higher, which the next line names.
जिन्होंने तुरीय अवस्था को भी पार करके उसका आश्रय लिया है।
The 'fourth' (turīya) is the state beyond the three ordinary conditions of consciousness — waking, dream, and deep sleep; Viśvanātha (s3) names it samādhi, the direct experience of one's own true form. The verse posits a fifth state above even that, 'made of prema.'
तुरीय अर्थात् 'चौथी' वह अवस्था है जो चेतना की तीन सामान्य दशाओं — जाग्रत, स्वप्न और सुषुप्ति — से परे है; विश्वनाथ (s3) इसे समाधि, अर्थात् अपने स्वरूप का साक्षात् अनुभव, कहते हैं। यह श्लोक उससे भी ऊपर एक पाँचवीं, 'प्रेममयी' अवस्था स्थापित करता है।
L2definition
tāṁ pañcamīṁ prema-mayīm avasthām |
tāṁthat [very]उस
pañcamīṁfifth [state] — the one above turīyaपाँचवीं
prema-mayīmmade wholly of premaप्रेममयी (प्रेम से बनी)
avasthāmstate, condition accusative — the thing 'taken shelter of' by saṁśritānāṁ (L1)अवस्था को — जिसका आश्रय (saṁśritānāṁ, L1) लिया गया है
tāṁ pañcamīṁ prema-mayīm avasthām — that fifth state, made wholly of prema — [is the state they have taken shelter of].
tāṁ — उस; pañcamīṁ — पाँचवीं; prema-mayīm — प्रेममयी; avasthām — अवस्था को
That higher refuge is a fifth state, above the four — a state made wholly of prema. This is where Hari's beloveds abide.
उस पाँचवीं, प्रेममयी अवस्था को।
L3definition
na sambhavaty eva hari-priyāṇāṁ
na sambhavati evadoes not arise at all eva flatly seals the denial — 'simply cannot occur'निश्चय ही सम्भव नहीं होता
hari-priyāṇāṁfor those dear to Hari genitive, standing in apposition to saṁśritānāṁ (L1) — the same peopleहरि के प्रियजनों को — वही लोग जिनका आश्रय (saṁśritānāṁ, L1) कहा गया
hari-priyāṇāṁ — for those dear to Hari; na sambhavati eva — [the dream of L4] simply does not arise.
na sambhavati eva — निश्चय ही सम्भव नहीं होता; hari-priyāṇāṁ — हरि के प्रियजनों को
For these people dear to Hari, that dream — the one L4 will describe — simply does not arise at all.
हरि के प्रियजनों को (वह) निश्चय ही सम्भव नहीं होता।
L4definition
svapno rajo-vṛtti-vijṛmbhito yaḥ ||
svapnaḥthe dream nominative — the subject of na sambhavati (L3)स्वप्न (na sambhavati, L3 का कर्ता)
rajo-vṛtti-vijṛmbhitaḥswelled up by the working of rajo-guṇa (the mode of passion)रजोगुण की वृत्ति से उठा हुआ
yaḥthe very one which relative pronoun tying this description of svapna back to the sentenceजो — यह वर्णन स्वप्न से जोड़ता है
yaḥ svapnaḥ — the dream which; rajo-vṛtti-vijṛmbhitaḥ — is swelled up by the working of the mode of passion — [that dream does not arise for them].
svapnaḥ — स्वप्न; rajo-vṛtti-vijṛmbhitaḥ — रजोगुण की वृत्ति से उठा हुआ; yaḥ — जो
And which dream is meant? The kind swelled up by the working of rajo-guṇa, the mode of passion. The ordinary passion-born dream does not touch Hari's beloveds — the point being that their vision of Kṛṣṇa is no product of rajas.
जो स्वप्न रजोगुण की वृत्ति से उठता है, (वह उन्हें सम्भव नहीं होता)।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
ubhayato rajo-vṛtti-rūpo na syād ity āha—vyatītyeti ||
ubhayataḥon both counts, in either respectदोनों ओर से
rajo-vṛtti-rūpaḥa thing of the nature of rajo-vṛtti — a stirring of the mode of passionरजोवृत्ति के रूप वाला
na syātcould not be [such]न हो
iti āha—vyatītya iti— to make this point he speaks, beginning 'vyatītya…'यह (कहने के लिए) 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहा
ubhayataḥ rajo-vṛtti-rūpaḥ na syāt — [their dream] could not, on either count, be a thing spun out of the mode of passion; iti āha—vyatītya iti — so he says, 'vyatītya…'.
ubhayataḥ — दोनों ओर से; rajo-vṛtti-rūpaḥ — रजोवृत्ति के रूप वाला; na syāt — न हो; iti āha—vyatītya iti — यह कहने के लिए 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहा
Jīva introduces the verse: to show that, on both counts, the beloveds' dream could not be a thing thrown up by rajo-guṇa, Rūpa says 'vyatītya…'.
दोनों ओर से रजोवृत्ति रूप न हो — यह कहने के लिए 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहते हैं।
s2other
(30)
(30)editorial verse-number tag closing Jīva's commentश्लोक-संख्या (३०)
(30) — a verse-number marker, not part of the running comment.
(30) — श्लोक-संख्या (३०)
An editorial tag marking this as verse 30 of the section; nothing to decode.
श्लोक-संख्या (३०)।
A structural verse-number marker carried over from the source, not commentarial prose.
यह स्रोत से चला आया श्लोक-संख्या का ढाँचागत सूचक है, टीका का वाक्य नहीं।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1objection
nanu svapnasya rājasa-buddhi-vijṛmbhitatvena tadīya-vastūnāṁ prāyaśo bādhitatvam eveti śāstreṣu prasiddham |
nanuone may object:भला (यहाँ शंका उठती है)
svapnasyaof a dream — a dream's [objects]स्वप्न का
rājasa-buddhi-vijṛmbhitatvenabecause a dream is swelled up by the rājasic intellect — the mind under the mode of passion instrumental of cause: 'since it is produced by…'क्योंकि वह रजोगुणी बुद्धि से उठता है
tadīya-vastūnāṁof the things seen in it, its objectsउस (स्वप्न) में दिखी वस्तुओं का
prāyaśaḥfor the most part, as a ruleप्रायः
bādhitatvam evaare precisely sublated — cancelled as false [the moment one wakes] eva: exactly this; bādhita = contradicted, proven unrealबाधित होना ही — अर्थात् मिथ्या सिद्ध होना ही
iti śāstreṣu prasiddhamthis is well established in the śāstrasऐसा शास्त्रों में प्रसिद्ध है
nanu — objection; svapnasya rājasa-buddhi-vijṛmbhitatvena — since a dream is swelled up by the rājasic intellect; tadīya-vastūnāṁ prāyaśaḥ bādhitatvam eva — its objects are as a rule simply false; iti śāstreṣu prasiddham — as is well known in the śāstras.
nanu — भला; svapnasya — स्वप्न का; rājasa-buddhi-vijṛmbhitatvena — क्योंकि वह रजोगुणी बुद्धि से उठता है; tadīya-vastūnāṁ — उसमें दिखी वस्तुओं का; prāyaśaḥ — प्रायः; bādhitatvam eva — बाधित होना ही; iti śāstreṣu prasiddham — ऐसा शास्त्रों में प्रसिद्ध है
One may object. A dream is thrown up by the intellect working under rajo-guṇa, the mode of passion. So the things seen in a dream are, as a rule, false — cancelled the instant one wakes. The śāstras say as much. How, then, could a dream-vision of Kṛṣṇa count as real?
भला, स्वप्न रजोगुणी बुद्धि से उठता है, इसलिए उसमें दिखनेवाली वस्तुएँ प्रायः बाधित (मिथ्या सिद्ध) ही होती हैं — ऐसा शास्त्रों में प्रसिद्ध है।
s2reply
satyaṁ tat khalu prākṛtānām eva na tu bhagavat-premavatām ity āha—vyatītyeti |
satyaṁgranted — that is trueसत्य है
tat khaluthat [rule] does hold, to be sure khalu concedes the point before turning itवह (नियम) तो — बात मानकर आगे मोड़ते हुए
prākṛtānām evaonly for mundane, worldly people eva: 'only' — restricts the rule to themकेवल प्राकृत जनों के विषय में
na tu bhagavat-premavatāmbut not for those who possess love for Bhagavān tu: 'but' — marks the exception the whole reply turns onपरन्तु भगवान के प्रेमियों के विषय में नहीं
iti āha—vyatītya iti— and so he says, 'vyatītya…'यह (कहने के लिए) 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहा
satyaṁ tat khalu — granted, that rule does hold; prākṛtānām eva — but only for worldly people; na tu bhagavat-premavatām — not for those who have love for Bhagavān; iti āha—vyatītya iti — so he says, 'vyatītya…'.
satyaṁ — सत्य है; tat khalu — वह तो; prākṛtānām eva — केवल प्राकृत जनों के विषय में; na tu bhagavat-premavatām — परन्तु भगवान के प्रेमियों के विषय में नहीं; iti āha—vyatītya iti — यह कहने के लिए 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहा
The reply grants the objection: yes, that is true. But it holds only for ordinary, worldly people. It does not hold for those who possess love for Bhagavān. The 'granted' (satyaṁ) concedes the general rule; the whole point is that these beloveds are the exception — and to state it Rūpa says 'vyatītya…'.
सत्य है; वह नियम तो केवल प्राकृत जनों के विषय में है, भगवान के प्रेमियों के विषय में नहीं — यह कहने के लिए 'व्यतीत्य' इत्यादि कहा।
s3gloss
turyāṁ viśva-taijasa-prājñebhyaḥ parāṁ svarūpānubhava-rūpāṁ samādhi-nāmnīm api vyatītya atikramya ||
turyāṁthe fourth state (turīya)तुरीय को
viśva-taijasa-prājñebhyaḥ parāṁhigher than viśva, taijasa, and prājña — the selves of waking, dream, and deep sleep ablative of comparison: 'beyond' those threeविश्व, तैजस और प्राज्ञ — इन तीनों से परे
svarūpānubhava-rūpāṁconsisting of the direct experience of one's own true form (svarūpa)अपने स्वरूप के अनुभव रूप वाली
samādhi-nāmnīm apiand even bearing the name samādhi api: 'even' — the loftiest such state there isसमाधि नाम वाली को भी — ऐसी अवस्थाओं में सबसे ऊँची
vyatītya atikramya'having transcended' — that is, having passed clean beyond [even that]पार करके, लाँघकर
turyāṁ — the fourth state; viśva-taijasa-prājñebhyaḥ parāṁ — higher than viśva, taijasa, and prājña; svarūpānubhava-rūpāṁ — made of the experience of one's own true form; samādhi-nāmnīm api — even the one named samādhi; vyatītya atikramya — having transcended, having gone clean past.
turyāṁ — तुरीय को; viśva-taijasa-prājñebhyaḥ parāṁ — विश्व, तैजस और प्राज्ञ से परे; svarūpānubhava-rūpāṁ — स्वरूप के अनुभव रूप वाली; samādhi-nāmnīm api — समाधि नाम वाली को भी; vyatītya atikramya — पार करके, लाँघकर
Viśvanātha glosses 'transcending even the fourth.' The fourth, turīya, stands above the three ordinary conditions — viśva, the self awake; taijasa, the self dreaming; and prājña, the self in deep sleep. It is the state of directly experiencing one's own true form, the state that even bears the exalted name samādhi. 'Vyatītya' means to pass clean beyond even that — for the beloveds' prema-state lies higher still.
तुरीय को — जो विश्व, तैजस और प्राज्ञ से परे है, अपने स्वरूप के अनुभव रूप है, और समाधि नाम से जानी जाती है — उसको भी पार करके, लाँघकर।
viśva, taijasa, prājña, and turīya are the four selves/states of the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad: the self in waking (gross), in dream (subtle), in deep sleep (causal), and the fourth beyond them. Viśvanātha identifies that fourth with samādhi and places the beloveds' fifth, prema-filled state above even it.
विश्व, तैजस, प्राज्ञ और तुरीय — माण्डूक्य उपनिषद् की चार आत्मा/अवस्थाएँ हैं: जाग्रत (स्थूल) में आत्मा, स्वप्न (सूक्ष्म) में, सुषुप्ति (कारण) में, और उनसे परे चौथी। विश्वनाथ उस चौथी को समाधि से पहचानते हैं और प्रेमियों की पाँचवीं, प्रेममयी अवस्था को उससे भी ऊपर रखते हैं।
s4other
(30)
(30)editorial verse-number tag closing Viśvanātha's commentश्लोक-संख्या (३०)
(30) — a verse-number marker, not part of the running comment.
(30) — श्लोक-संख्या (३०)
An editorial tag marking this as verse 30 of the section; nothing to decode.
श्लोक-संख्या (३०)।
A structural verse-number marker carried over from the source, not commentarial prose.
यह स्रोत से चला आया श्लोक-संख्या का ढाँचागत सूचक है, टीका का वाक्य नहीं।