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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaViśvanāthaViṣṇudāsa
UN 15.195
atha saṅkīrṇaḥ—
yatra saṅkīryamāṇāḥ syur vyalīka-smaraṇādibhiḥ |
upacārāḥ sa saṅkīrṇaḥ kiñcit taptekṣu-peśalaḥ ||
The verse — decoded
L1definition
yatra saṅkīryamāṇāḥ syur vyalīka-smaraṇādibhiḥ |
yatrain the case where — locative relative; sets up the condition, answered by 'sa saṅkīrṇaḥ' in L2जहाँ, जिस स्थिति में
saṅkīryamāṇāḥ syuḥcome to be intermingled present passive participle (sam-√kṝ 'mix together') + optative of √as; nom. pl. agreeing with upacārāḥ — 'become blended, run together'परस्पर घुल-मिल जाएँ, मिश्रित हो जाएँ
vyalīka-smaraṇādibhiḥthrough the recalling of the beloved's offense (vyalīka) and the like instrumental of means, pl.; vyalīka 'the unpleasant thing, the offense' + smaraṇa 'remembering'; ādi leaves the list openअप्रिय बात के स्मरण आदि के द्वारा
upacārāḥthe love-tokens — the caresses and services of union nominative pl., the subject; the word is completed only in L2, carried across the line-breakउपचार (प्रेम की चेष्टाएँ)
yatra — where; upacārāḥ — the love-tokens; vyalīka-smaraṇādibhiḥ — through recalling the beloved's offense and so on; saṅkīryamāṇāḥ syuḥ — come to be intermingled.
yatra — जहाँ; saṅkīryamāṇāḥ syuḥ — घुल-मिलकर मिश्रित हो जाएँ; vyalīka-smaraṇādibhiḥ — अप्रिय बात के स्मरण आदि के द्वारा; upacārāḥ — उपचार (जो अगली पंक्ति में पूरा होता है)।
This line opens the definition (lakṣaṇa) of the saṅkīrṇa, the 'blended' type. The setup: where the upacāras — the caresses and tokens of union — get intermingled with the heroine's recalling of the beloved's vyalīka, his offense or unpleasantness, and the like. The naming and the simile come in L2.
जहाँ अप्रिय बात के स्मरण आदि के कारण उपचार परस्पर घुल-मिल जाएँ — यह वाक्य अधूरा है और अगली पंक्ति में 'सः संकीर्णः' से पूरा होता है।
L2definition
upacārāḥ sa saṅkīrṇaḥ kiñcit taptekṣu-peśalaḥ ||
upacārāḥ[those same] love-tokens — the subject of L1 repeated at the head of L2 to carry it over the line-breakउपचार (प्रेम की चेष्टाएँ) — पिछली पंक्ति का कर्ता यहाँ दुहराया गया
sa saṅkīrṇaḥthat [case] is 'the blended', saṅkīrṇa — the type here being named masc. nom.; answers the 'yatra' of L1 — 'in such a case, that is saṅkīrṇa'वह (रस) संकीर्ण कहलाता है
kiñcitsomewhat, to a degree adverbial — qualifies the sweetness that follows, not full sweetness but a mixed oneकुछ-कुछ, थोड़ा-सा
taptekṣu-peśalaḥsweet the way heated sugarcane is sweet bahuvrīhi qualifying saṅkīrṇaḥ; tapta-ikṣu 'heated sugarcane [juice]' + peśala 'tender, delicious' — the simile carries the whole point, drawn out by Viśvanātha belowतपाये हुए ईख (के रस) के समान मधुर
sa saṅkīrṇaḥ — that is the blended type; kiñcit taptekṣu-peśalaḥ — somewhat sweet like heated sugarcane.
upacārāḥ — उपचार; sa saṅkīrṇaḥ — वह संकीर्ण है; kiñcit — कुछ-कुछ; taptekṣu-peśalaḥ — तपाये हुए ईख-रस-सा मधुर।
Rūpa now names it and gives the simile. Such a case is the saṅkīrṇa, the 'blended' śṛṅgāra. And it is 'kiñcit taptekṣu-peśalaḥ' — somewhat sweet the way heated sugarcane [juice] is sweet: sweet, yes, but with a warmth in it. The point of the simile — that the sweetness and the heat are tasted at one and the same time — is what the commentators unfold.
जहाँ वे उपचार इस प्रकार घुल-मिल जाएँ, वह संकीर्ण (रस) है। वह तपाये हुए ईख के रस के समान कुछ-कुछ मधुर होता है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
valīkam apriyam ||
valīkamthe verse-word vyalīka — pratīka; Jīva quotes the mūla's vyalīka (here spelled valīka) to gloss it'वलीक' शब्द (अर्थात् मूल का 'व्यलीक')
apriyammeans apriya, 'the disagreeable, the unpleasant thing' the gloss-word, in apposition — Jīva's whole comment is this single equationअप्रिय
valīkam — vyalīka; apriyam — [means] apriya, the disagreeable.
valīkam — 'वलीक' शब्द; apriyam — अप्रिय।
Jīva's comment is a single-word gloss: vyalīka means apriya, 'the disagreeable.' That is, the beloved's offense or unpleasantness — the sore thing the heroine keeps recalling even amid union. Jīva leaves the rest of the verse to speak for itself.
'वलीक' का अर्थ है अप्रिय। जीव इतनी-सी बात कहकर मूल का शब्द समझा देते हैं।
s2other
(7)
(7)a bracketed number closing Jīva's comment — the running item-count of the edition his text follows structural tag, not a word of the argument(7) — संरचनात्मक चिह्न
(7) — the edition's item-number closing the comment.
(7) — तर्क का शब्द नहीं, केवल संरचनात्मक चिह्न।
A bracketed number that ends Jīva's comment. It is a running count in the edition his text follows, not part of the reasoning.
यह (7) तर्क का कोई शब्द नहीं, केवल संरचना का चिह्न है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
vyalīkaṁ nāyaka-kṛta-vipakṣa-vaiśiṣṭya-sva-vañcanādi tasya smaraṇa-kīrtanādibhiḥ saṅkīrṇā miśritā upacārāś cumbanāliṅganādayaḥ |
vyalīkaṁvyalīka [is] — pratīka; Viśvanātha, unlike Jīva's bare 'apriya', spells out what the offense concretely is'व्यलीक' शब्द (जिसे विश्वनाथ खोलकर बताते हैं)
nāyaka-kṛta-vipakṣa-vaiśiṣṭya-sva-vañcanādithe hero's favoring of a rival woman, his deceiving of her [the heroine], and the like long compound; nāyaka-kṛta 'done by the hero' governs both vipakṣa-vaiśiṣṭya 'making a rival [vipakṣa, the other woman] special' and sva-vañcana 'cheating of herself'; ādi keeps it openनायक के द्वारा किया गया — सौत को विशेष महत्त्व देना और अपने को ठगना, इत्यादि
tasya smaraṇa-kīrtanādibhiḥthrough the recalling and the speaking-aloud of that [offense], and so forth instrumental of means; tasya 'of that vyalīka' — Viśvanātha expands the mūla's 'smaraṇādi' to include kīrtana, saying it outउस (व्यलीक) के स्मरण, कीर्तन आदि के द्वारा
saṅkīrṇā miśritābecome saṅkīrṇa — that is, miśrita, 'intermingled' gloss of the mūla's saṅkīrṇa by the plainer miśritaसंकीर्ण अर्थात् मिश्रित (घुले-मिले)
upacārāḥ[are] the love-tokens nominative pl., the subject glossed nextउपचार
cumbanāliṅganādayaḥnamely kissing, embracing, and the rest in apposition to upacārāḥ, spelling out what the tokens are; ādi leaves the list openचुम्बन, आलिंगन आदि
vyalīkaṁ — the offense is; nāyaka-kṛta-vipakṣa-vaiśiṣṭya-sva-vañcanādi — the hero's favoring a rival, his deceiving her, and such; tasya smaraṇa-kīrtanādibhiḥ — through recalling and mentioning it; upacārāḥ cumbanāliṅganādayaḥ — the love-tokens, kissing, embracing and the rest; saṅkīrṇā miśritā — become intermingled.
vyalīkaṁ — 'व्यलीक' शब्द; nāyaka-kṛta-vipakṣa-vaiśiṣṭya-sva-vañcanādi — नायक द्वारा सौत को विशिष्टता देना तथा अपने को ठगना आदि; tasya smaraṇa-kīrtanādibhiḥ — उसके स्मरण-कीर्तन आदि के द्वारा; saṅkīrṇā miśritā — संकीर्ण यानी मिश्रित; upacārāḥ — उपचार; cumbanāliṅganādayaḥ — चुम्बन-आलिंगन आदि।
Viśvanātha makes the offense concrete. vyalīka is the hero's favoring some rival woman (vipakṣa), his deceiving of the heroine, and the like. When she recalls that — and even speaks it aloud (smaraṇa-kīrtana) — the love-tokens of union, the kissing and embracing, get intermingled (saṅkīrṇa = miśrita) with the sting of it. That intermingling is the blended type.
विश्वनाथ जीव के सूखे 'अप्रिय' को खोलकर बताते हैं कि व्यलीक क्या है — नायक ने जो सौत को विशेष महत्त्व दिया या अपने को ठगा, इत्यादि। उस व्यलीक के स्मरण-कीर्तन आदि से जब चुम्बन-आलिंगन आदि उपचार घुल-मिल (संकीर्ण) जाएँ।
s2gloss
taptekṣur iva peśalaḥ svāduḥ, auṣṇyam ādhur yayor ekadaivānubhavāt ||
taptekṣur iva peśalaḥ'delicious like heated sugarcane' — pratīka of the mūla's simile; taptekṣu 'heated sugarcane [juice]' + iva, the upamā being explained'तपाये हुए ईख के समान पेशल' — यही वह उपमा है
svāduḥpeśala here means svādu, 'sweet, delicious' gloss-word for peśala, replacing 'tender' with the taste-word the simile needsस्वादु, मधुर ('पेशल' का यही अर्थ)
auṣṇyam ādhuḥfor [heated sugarcane] carries warmth in it too auṣṇya 'warmth' + ā-√dhā perfect 3rd pl. 'they lodge/impart' (general subject) — the second quality beside sweetnessउष्णता (गरमी) भी उत्पन्न करते हैं
yayoḥ ekadā eva anubhavātbecause the two — the sweetness and the warmth — are tasted at one and the same moment ablative of cause; yayoḥ gen. dual 'of which two [svādu + auṣṇya]'; ekadā eva 'precisely at once' — the simultaneity is the whole force of the simileक्योंकि इन दोनों (माधुर्य और उष्णता) का अनुभव एक ही साथ होता है
taptekṣur iva peśalaḥ svāduḥ — sweet like heated sugarcane; auṣṇyam ādhuḥ — it lodges warmth as well; yayoḥ ekadā eva anubhavāt — because both are tasted at one and the same moment.
taptekṣur iva peśalaḥ — 'तपाये हुए ईख के समान पेशल'; svāduḥ — स्वादु (मधुर); auṣṇyam ādhuḥ — उष्णता भी देते हैं; yayoḥ ekadā eva anubhavāt — क्योंकि दोनों का अनुभव एक ही साथ होता है।
Now the simile. peśala means svādu, 'sweet.' Why heated sugarcane in particular? Because heated sugarcane juice is sweet and warm at once — you taste the sweetness and feel the heat in the very same sip (ekadā eva, 'at one and the same moment'). Just so, the saṅkīrṇa mood is sweet with the pleasure of union and warm with the sting of the recalled offense, both felt together in one instant. That simultaneity — not sweetness then heat, but both at once — is exactly why Rūpa says 'somewhat sweet like heated sugarcane.'
'तपाये हुए ईख के समान पेशल' — यहाँ पेशल का अर्थ स्वादु अर्थात् मधुर है। तपाये हुए ईख का रस उष्णता भी देता है। माधुर्य और उष्णता — इन दोनों का अनुभव एक ही समय होता है; यही इस उपमा का पूरा बल है।
s3other
(7)
(7)a bracketed number closing Viśvanātha's comment — the running item-count of the edition his text follows structural tag, not a word of the argument(7) — संरचनात्मक चिह्न
(7) — the edition's item-number closing the comment.
(7) — तर्क का शब्द नहीं, केवल संरचनात्मक चिह्न।
A bracketed number that ends Viśvanātha's comment. It is a running count in the edition his text follows, not part of the reasoning.
यह (7) तर्क का कोई शब्द नहीं, केवल संरचना का चिह्न है।