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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaViśvanāthaViṣṇudāsa
UN 5.37
atha adhīra-madhyā—
adhīrā paruṣair vākyair nirasyed vallabhaṁ ruṣā
The verse — decoded
L1definition
adhīrā paruṣair vākyair nirasyed vallabhaṁ ruṣā
adhīrāthe adhīrā — the impatient, hot-tempered heroine (the type being defined) nominative; the subject of the lakṣaṇaअधीरा (नायिका) — जिसका लक्षण कहा जा रहा है
paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥwith harsh words instrumental of meansकठोर वचनों के द्वारा
nirasyetshe would drive [him] off, rebuff [him] optative; the defining actionतिरस्कार कर दे / दुत्कार दे
vallabhamher beloved accusative objectअपने प्रियतम को
ruṣāout of anger instrumental of causeक्योंकि वह क्रुद्ध है — क्रोध के कारण
adhīrā — the impatient heroine; ruṣā — out of anger; paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥ — with harsh words; vallabham — her beloved; nirasyet — she would drive off.
अधीरा (नायिका) क्रोध के कारण कठोर वचनों से अपने प्रियतम का तिरस्कार कर देती है।
The adhīrā is the impatient, hot-tempered type. When she is angry, she drives her beloved off with harsh words.
जो नायिका क्रोध में आकर कठोर वचनों से अपने प्रियतम को दुत्कार देती है, वह अधीरा कहलाती है।
adhīrā (a-dhīrā, "without dhairya, composure") is one of the three temperament sub-types of the madhyā heroine — dhīrā (composed), adhīrā (impatient), and dhīrādhīrā (mixed). This verse defines the adhīrā.
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1other
na vyākhyātam |
nanotनहीं
vyākhyātamcommented on, explained past participle, neuter — "[it was] explained"व्याख्या की गई
na — not; vyākhyātam — commented on.
(इस श्लोक की) व्याख्या नहीं की गई।
Jīva does not comment on this verse.
जीव गोस्वामी ने इस श्लोक पर कोई व्याख्या नहीं की।
This is an editorial note marking that Jīva Gosvāmī left this verse unglossed; it carries no interpretation of its own.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
paruṣair vākyair iti |
paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥthe phrase 'with harsh words' — the words he now takes up to explain"कठोर वचनों से"
ition this phrase (marks off the lemma being glossed) iti isolating the pratīka, the quoted phrase from the verseयह (पद लेकर) — श्लोक का उद्धृत पद पकड़ते हुए
paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥ iti — as for the phrase 'with harsh words'.
"कठोर वचनों से" — यह (पद लेकर व्याख्या करते हैं)।
On the phrase 'with harsh words' —
अब "कठोर वचनों से" इस पद की व्याख्या की जाती है।
The lemma-citation: Viśvanātha quotes the verse's phrase paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥ before glossing it in the next sentence.
s2gloss
dhairyābhāvād vaktrokti-vaidagdhyasya samutthānānavakāśāt pṛṣṭāir eva kaṭhorair ity arthaḥ ||
dhairya-abhāvātbecause she has no self-composure ablative of causeधैर्य के अभाव के कारण
vaktrokti-vaidagdhyasyafor any cleverness of witty, oblique speech genitive — the thing for which there is no scopeवक्रोक्ति की चतुराई का — जिसके (प्रकट होने का)
samutthāna-anavakāśātbecause there is no room for it to arise ablative of cause; -anavakāśa = "no occasion / scope"उत्पन्न होने का कोई अवसर न रहने के कारण
pṛṣṭaiḥ eva kaṭhoraiḥ[her words are] simply plain, blunt harsh ones instrumental, restating paruṣaiḥ vākyaiḥ; eva "simply, nothing but"केवल रूखे-कठोर (वचनों) से ही — यही "कठोर वचनों" का आशय
iti arthaḥthat is the meaningयही अर्थ है
dhairya-abhāvāt — because she has no composure; vaktrokti-vaidagdhyasya — for any cleverness of witty, oblique speech; samutthāna-anavakāśāt — because there is no room for it to arise; [vākyaiḥ] pṛṣṭaiḥ eva kaṭhoraiḥ — her words are simply plain, blunt harsh ones; iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
धैर्य के अभाव के कारण, तथा वक्रोक्ति की चतुराई के उत्पन्न होने का कोई अवसर न रहने के कारण, केवल रूखे-कठोर वचनों से ही (वह तिरस्कार करती है) — यही अर्थ है।
Because she has no self-composure, there is no room in her for clever, oblique wit to arise. So her harsh words are simply plain, blunt, coarse ones. That is what 'harsh words' means here.
अधीरा में धैर्य का अभाव है, इसलिए चतुर वक्रोक्ति के प्रकट होने का कोई अवसर ही नहीं रहता; अतः वह केवल रूखे-कठोर वचनों से ही (प्रियतम का तिरस्कार करती है) — "कठोर वचनों से" का यही तात्पर्य है।
The point distinguishes the adhīrā from the composed dhīrā: a dhīrā's rebuke would come out as clever, oblique barbs (vakrokti — witty indirection), but the adhīrā, lacking composure, cannot muster such wit, so her harsh words are merely blunt. Source caveats: vaktrokti here is best read as vakrokti (oblique/ironic speech, the alaṅkāra term); and pṛṣṭaiḥ is very likely a typo for spaṣṭaiḥ ("plain, direct"), which pairs naturally with kaṭhoraiḥ and stands opposite to oblique speech — glossed on that reading, flagged rather than silently emended.