तद्धिताधिकारे शैषिकप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 1312–1513 (202 sūtras): all present. The spine is Aṣṭādhyāyī 4.2.92–145 and 4.3.1–133. It skips 4.3.19–21, the Vedic hemanta rules, which the SK reads in the vaidikī prakriyā (SK 3450–3452). The SK splices in the rules from other pādas that its derivations need, at the point where it reads them:

• 8.3.101 (ṣ in niṣṭya), 1.1.73–75 (the vṛddha-saṃjñā), 7.2.98 (tva/ma before cha) and 7.3.4 (aic in śauvastika);
• the uttarapada-vṛddhi rules 7.3.10–14, 7.3.18, 7.3.24–25, 7.3.20, 7.3.1 and 7.3.30;
• 1.2.49 (luk of the feminine affix when a taddhita undergoes luk).

taddhitādhikāre śaiṣikaprakaraṇam — outline (p29, SK 1312–1513, all 202 sūtras)

The heading śeṣe (SK 1312) makes the whole stretch up to tasya vikāraḥ (SK 1514) the śaiṣika field: every sense that is not apatya … cāturarthika. The prakaraṇa has two parts. Bhaṭṭoji marks the join at 1313 k3.

• SK 1313–1392 attach affixes to particular bases (gha, kha, ya, khañ … ṭyu, ṭyul). They name no sense and no case. BM says these rules form one syntactic unit with the sense-rules that follow, so each form is glossed "born, etc., there".
• From SK 1393, each sense-heading fixes a meaning and the case of the base (samartha-vibhakti). The general aṇ etc. apply under it, together with the base-specific affixes of 1313–1392, and each heading is followed by its own apavādas. The senses run as follows:
• locative: tatra jātaḥ ("born there"), kṛta-labdha-krīta-kuśala ("made/obtained/bought/skilled there"), prāyabhava ("usually found there"), saṃbhūta ("possible there"); then time-words: sādhu-puṣpyat-pacyamāna ("good/flowering/ripening then"), upta ("sown then"), deyam ṛṇe ("a debt to be paid then"), vyāharati mṛgaḥ ("a beast that cries then");
• nominative: tad asya soḍham ("he has practised that");
• locative again: tatra bhavaḥ ("being there");
• genitive: tasya vyākhyānaḥ ("its explanation");
• ablative: tata āgataḥ ("come from there"), prabhavati ("first becomes visible there");
• accusative: tad gacchati ("goes to that"), abhiniṣkrāmati ("goes out towards"), adhikṛtya kṛte granthe ("a text about");
• nominative, in the sense "his": so 'sya nivāsaḥ / abhijanaḥ / bhaktiḥ ("his dwelling / ancestral home / object of devotion");
• instrumental: tena proktam ("promulgated by"), ekadik ("in the same direction as"), upajñāta ("first known by"), kṛte granthe ("a text made by"), saṃjñā ("made by, as a name");
• genitive: tasyedam ("this is his").

Only the kaumudī blocks are translated (SK-TRANSLATE §25). The readings cited as BM (Bālamanoramā) and TB (Tattvabodhinī) are the ones recorded in the unit notes. Where the p29 audit corrects a reading, the corrected reading is followed. This applies to 1315, 1320, 1328, 1333, 1339, 1341, 1350, 1358, 1367, 1368, 1373, 1375, 1389, 1391, 1397, 1400, 1402, 1404, 1406, 1409, 1413, 1427, 1432, 1434, 1439, 1442, 1449, 1458, 1460, 1463, 1473, 1485 and 1508. It also means "promulgated" for prokta throughout 1481–1491. The kaumudī of 1396 and 1397 is the text repaired from the Dhaval TEI edition. Ordering: SK order throughout; nothing is reordered. The uttarapada-vṛddhi rules stay where the SK reads them, next to the forms they shape.

Affix shapes used below:

• 7.1.2: ṭh → ik (7.3.50), but k after is/us/uk/t (7.3.51, SK 1221); ḍh → ey; ch → īy; gh → iy; kh → īn; ph → āyan.
• 7.1.1: vu → aka; yu → ana.
• A ñ-, ṇ- or k-marker brings ādivṛddhi (7.2.117–118).
• A stem-final a/ā/i/ī is deleted before the affix by yasyeti ca (6.4.148).
• A ḍ-marker deletes the ṭi.

A. The śeṣa heading and the first base-specific affixes — running example: rāṣṭre jātaḥ → rāṣṭriyaḥ, avārapāre jātaḥ → avārapārīṇaḥ

• 1312 śeṣe 4.2.92 — defines śeṣa as any sense other than apatya … cāturarthika; the general aṇ etc. apply in it. The rule is a lakṣaṇa: it yields forms by itself where no later rule names the sense. cakṣus + aṇ → ādivṛddhi: cākṣuṣaṃ rūpam ("grasped by the eye"). Likewise śrāvaṇaḥ śabdaḥ, aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣaḥ, dārṣadāḥ saktavaḥ, aulūkhalo yāvakaḥ, āśvo rathaḥ, cāturaṃ śakaṭam, cāturdaśaṃ rakṣaḥ. It is also an adhikāra up to SK 1514 (svarita, BM).
• 1313 rāṣṭrāvārapārād ghakhau 4.2.93 — gha after rāṣṭra and kha after avārapāra, respectively (BM). rāṣṭra + iya (the a deleted) → rāṣṭriyaḥ; avārapāra + īna, with n → ṇ → avārapārīṇaḥ.
• Vārttika: kha also after the members taken separately, and after the reversed compound: avārīṇaḥ, pārīṇaḥ.
• k3: from here to 1392 only affix and base are given; the senses (jāta etc.) and the cases come later.
• 1314 grāmād yakhañau 4.2.94 — ya or khañ after grāma: grāmyaḥ, grāmīṇaḥ.
• 1315 katryādibhyo ḍhakañ 4.2.95 — ḍhakañ (→ eyaka, with ādivṛddhi) after katri etc. kattri + eyaka → kāttreyakaḥ (BM: yalopa by lopo vyor vali). The source also gives nākareyakaḥ (nāgareyakaḥ is probably meant). Because grāma continues from 1314, also grāmeyakaḥ.
• 1316 kulakukṣigrīvābhyaḥ śvāsyalaṃkāreṣu 4.2.96 — ḍhakañ after kula, kukṣi and grīvā, only for a dog, a sword and an ornament respectively: kauleyakaḥ (a dog) but kaulaḥ (anything else); kaukṣeyakaḥ (a sword) but kaukṣaḥ; graiveyakaḥ (an ornament) but graivaḥ.
• 1317 nadyādibhyo ḍhak 4.2.97 — ḍhak (→ ey). nadī + eya, with the ī deleted → nādeyam; also māheyam, vārāṇaseyam.
• 1318 dakṣiṇāpaścātpurasas tyak 4.2.98 — tyak after the indeclinables dakṣiṇā (the āc-ending one), paścāt and puras; the k-marker brings vṛddhi: dākṣiṇātyaḥ, pāścāttyaḥ, paurastyaḥ.
• 1319 kāpiśyāḥ ṣphak 4.2.99 — ṣphak (ph → āyan) after kāpiśī: kāpiśāyanaṃ madhu. The affix is ṣit, so the feminine takes ṅīṣ: kāpiśāyanī drākṣā.
• 1320 raṅkor amanuṣye 'ṇ ca 4.2.100 — after raṅku, when the referent is not human: aṇ, and by the ca also ṣphak. The u takes guṇa → av: rāṅkavo gauḥ; with ṣphak, rāṅkavāyaṇaḥ. A human instead gets rāṅkavakaḥ, with vuñ by 1358 (BM).
• 1321 dyuprāgapāgudakpratīco yat 4.2.101 — yat after div (cited as dyu), prāñc, apāñc, udañc and pratyañc: divyam. For prāñc + ya, the n is deleted, then the a, and the vowel lengthens (BM): prācyam. Also apācyam, udīcyam (u → ī), pratīcyam.
• 1322 kanthāyāṣ ṭhak 4.2.102 — ṭhak after kanthā: kānthikaḥ.
• 1323 varṇau vuk 4.2.103 — vuk after kanthā when the kanthā is in Varṇu, the region by the river Varṇu. kanthā + aka, with vṛddhi from the k-marker: kānthakam (yathā hi jātaṃ himavatsu kānthakam).

B. tyap after indeclinables, the ṣ of niṣṭya, and the "this year / yesterday / tomorrow" forms — running example: iha bhavaḥ → ihatyaḥ; nis + tya → niṣṭyaḥ

• 1324 avyayāt tyap 4.2.104 — tyap after an indeclinable. Being pit, it brings no vṛddhi. A vārttika narrows it to amā, iha, kva and the tasi- and tra-final words: amātyaḥ, ihatyaḥ, kvatyaḥ, tatastyaḥ, tatratyaḥ.
• Other indeclinables take aṇ: upariṣṭāt → aupariṣṭaḥ. The ṭi is deleted by the vārttika avyayānāṃ bhamātre ṭilopaḥ.
• That ṭi-deletion is anitya, since it is prescribed separately for bahis. So ārāt keeps its ṭi before cha: ārātīyaḥ.
• Vārttikas: tyap after ni in the sense "fixed", giving nityaḥ; tyap after nis in the sense "gone out" (its form is given under 1325).
• 1325 hrasvāt tādau taddhite 8.3.101 — s → ṣ after a short iṇ vowel, before a taddhita that begins with t. In nis + tya the s is pada-final, so the ordinary ṣatva cannot apply (BM, TB). Here i precedes it and tya follows: niṣṭyaḥ ("an outcaste").
• Vārttikas: araṇya + ṇa → āraṇyāḥ sumanasaḥ; dūra + etya → dūretyaḥ; uttara + āhañ → auttarāhaḥ.
• 1326 aiṣamohyaḥśvaso 'nyatarasyām 4.2.105 — tyap optionally after aiṣamas, hyas and śvas; in the other option ṭyu/ṭyul (1391) come: aiṣamastyam / aiṣamastanam, hyastyam / hyastanam, śvastyam / śvastanam. For śvas there is also śauvastikam (1385).

C. Compounds by member, and gotra bases — running example: pūrvasyāṃ śālāyāṃ bhavaḥ → paurvaśālaḥ

• 1327 tīrarūpyottarapadād aññau 4.2.106 — añ after a compound ending in tīra, and ña after one ending in rūpya: kākatīram, pālvalatīram; śaivarūpyam. The sūtra says uttarapada, not "ending in", so a bahuc-prefixed word is excluded: bāhurūpyam. (BM reads the second member as rūpa, with ñya.)
• 1328 dikpūrvapadād asaṃjñāyāṃ ñaḥ 4.2.107 — ña (an apavāda of aṇ) after a compound whose pūrvapada is a direction-word. The condition "not a name" is on the base; the locative stands for the ablative (TB, BM). pūrvaśālā + ña → ādivṛddhi: paurvaśālaḥ. A name takes aṇ: pūrveṣukāmaśamī → pūrvaiṣukāmaśamaḥ, with uttarapada-vṛddhi by 1400.
• 1329 madrebhyo 'ñ 4.2.108 — añ after a dik-pūrvapada compound ending in madra. Madra is excluded from uttarapada-vṛddhi by 1399, so the vṛddhi falls on the first vowel: paurvamadraḥ, āparamadraḥ.
• 1330 udīcyagrāmāc ca bahvaco 'ntodāttāt 4.2.109 — añ after a many-vowelled, end-acute name of a northern village; the dik condition has ceased (TB). śivapura → śaivapuram.
• 1331 prasthottarapadapaladyādikopadhād aṇ 4.2.110 — aṇ (an apavāda of the northern-village añ) after a prastha-final compound, after paladi etc., and after a word with k as penultimate: māhikiprasthaḥ, pāladaḥ, nailīnakaḥ.
• 1332 kaṇvādibhyo gotre 4.2.111 — aṇ, instead of the cha of 1337, after kaṇva etc. when they end in a gotra affix. kaṇva + yañ → kāṇvya. For its pupils, aṇ is added and the y deleted (āpatyasya, BM): kāṇvāḥ. The source has kāṇvasya where kāṇvyasya is expected.
• 1333 iñaś ca 4.2.112 — aṇ after a stem in iñ when the iñ is the technical (śāstrīya) gotra affix. dakṣa → dākṣi → its pupils dākṣāḥ.
• The cāturarthika iñ of sautaṅgami does not count, so cha: sautaṅgamīyam.
• pāṇini (paṇin → pāṇina → pāṇini) is only an everyday (laukika) gotra, so cha: pāṇinīyam.
• 1334 na dvyacaḥ prācyabharateṣu 4.2.113 — blocks that aṇ after a two-vowelled iñ-stem in the gotras of the Prācyas and Bharatas; cha by 1337 comes instead: prāṣṭhi → prāṣṭhīyāḥ, kāśi → kāśīyāḥ. The Bharatas are named separately, which shows that "prācya" elsewhere excludes them.

D. The vṛddha-saṃjñā, cha, and its ṭhañ/ñiṭha exceptions — running example: śālā → śālīyaḥ; kāśi → kāśikī / kāśikā

• 1335 vṛddhir yasyācām ādis tad vṛddham 1.1.73 — a word whose first vowel is a vṛddhi (ā, ai, au) is vṛddha. śālā, whose first vowel is ā, is vṛddha; "acām" means only "more than one" (BM).
• 1336 tyadādīni ca 1.1.74 — tyad etc. are also vṛddha, although their first vowel is not a vṛddhi; so tad is vṛddha.
• 1337 vṛddhāc chaḥ 4.2.114 — cha (→ īy) after a vṛddha word. śālā + īya, with the ā deleted → śālīyaḥ; also mālīyaḥ, tadīyaḥ.
• 1338 eṅ prācāṃ deśe 1.1.75 — the name of an eastern region whose first vowel is e/o is optionally vṛddha. With cha: eṇīpacanīyaḥ, gonardīyaḥ, bhojakaṭīyaḥ; with aṇ: aiṇīpacanaḥ, gaunardaḥ, bhaujakaṭaḥ. Without eṅ, only aṇ: āhicchatraḥ, kānyakubjaḥ.
• Vārttika: a personal name is optionally vṛddha: devadattīyaḥ / daivadattaḥ.
• 1339 bhavataṣ ṭhakchasau 4.2.115 — ṭhak or chas after bhavat when it is vṛddha (the ḍavatu-final bhavat).
• ṭhak, with k after t: bhāvatkaḥ.
• chas is sit, so bhavat counts as a pada before it and its t → d (jaśtva; TB, under 1334.t1, agrees): bhavadīyaḥ.
• The śatṛ participle bhavat is not vṛddha and takes aṇ: bhāvataḥ.
• 1340 kāśyādibhyaṣ ṭhaññiṭhau 4.2.116 — ṭhañ or ñiṭha after kāśi etc.; the i of ñiṭha is only for pronunciation. In the feminine, ṭhañ-forms take ṅīp and ñiṭha-forms take ṭāp (BM): kāśikī / kāśikā, vaidikī / vaidikā. A gaṇasūtra covers compounds with āpad etc. + kāla: āpatkālikī / āpatkālikā.
• 1341 vāhīkagrāmebhyaś ca 4.2.117 — ṭhañ or ñiṭha (an apavāda of cha) after vṛddha words denoting Vāhīka villages: kāstīrikī / kāstīrikā.
• 1342 vibhāṣośīnareṣu 4.2.118 — the same, optionally, for vṛddha names of Uśīnara villages; otherwise cha: saudarśanikī / saudarśanikā / saudarśanīyā.
• 1343 or deśe ṭhañ 4.2.119 — ṭhañ alone (ñiṭha excluded) after a u-final region word. The ū is shortened by ke 'ṇaḥ, and ṭh → k after u. niṣādakarṣū → naiṣādakarṣukaḥ.
• Being later, the rule overrides cha: dākṣikarṣukaḥ.
• A word that is not a region takes aṇ: paṭu → pāṭavāḥ.
• 1344 vṛddhāt prācām 4.2.120 — a restriction (niyama): an eastern u-final region takes ṭhañ only if it is vṛddha: āḍhakajambukaḥ, śākajambukaḥ. mallavāstu is not vṛddha: māllavāstavaḥ.

E. vuñ for region and janapada words, and its counter-exceptions — running example: airāvataṃ dhanva → airāvatakaḥ; aṅgeṣu bhavaḥ → āṅgakaḥ

• 1345 dhanvayopadhād vuñ 4.2.121 — vuñ (→ aka) after a vṛddha word that names a dhanva (desert tract), or a region with y as penultimate: airāvatakaḥ. sāṅkāśya and kāmpilya (ṇya-final by 1292) give sāṅkāśyakaḥ (the source has sāṅkāśyakā) and kāmpilyakaḥ.
• 1346 prasthapuravahāntāc ca 4.2.122 — vuñ (an apavāda of cha) after vṛddha region words ending in prastha, pura or vaha: mālāprasthakaḥ, nāndīpurakaḥ, pailuvahakaḥ. Pura is named for non-eastern regions; for eastern ones 1347 already covers it.
• 1347 ropadhetoḥ prācām 4.2.123 — vuñ after a vṛddha eastern region word with r as penultimate, or ending in ī: pāṭaliputrakaḥ (the source has pāṭaliputraḥ); with ī, kākandakaḥ.
• 1348 janapadatadavadhyoś ca 4.2.124 — vuñ after a vṛddha word for a janapada, or for a janapada that is the boundary of another: ādarśakaḥ, traigartakaḥ. Trigarta takes vuñ, not the cha of 1361 (TB).
• 1349 avṛddhād api bahuvacanaviṣayāt 4.2.125 — vuñ after such words even when not vṛddha, if the word is confined to the plural. It is an apavāda of aṇ for non-vṛddha words and of cha for vṛddha ones. aṅgāḥ → āṅgakaḥ; also ājamīḍhakaḥ, dārvakaḥ, kālañjarakaḥ. A plural produced by ekaśeṣa does not count: vartanyaḥ → vārtanaḥ.
• 1350 kacchāgnivaktravartottarapadāt 4.2.126 — vuñ after a region compound, vṛddha or not, ending in kaccha, agni, vaktra or varta. The "vṛddha or not" is the kaumudī's own gloss. The source reads varta; the standard reading is °garta°, which would give bāhugartakaḥ. Forms: dārukacchakaḥ, kāṇḍāgnakaḥ, saindhuvaktrakaḥ, bāhuvartakaḥ.
• 1351 dhūmādibhyaś ca 4.2.127 — vuñ after dhūma etc. when they denote regions: dhaumakaḥ, tairthakaḥ.
• 1352 nagarāt kutsanaprāvīṇyayoḥ 4.2.128 — vuñ after nagara when contempt or skill is meant: nāgarakaḥ (a thief, or a craftsman). Otherwise nāgarāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ.
• 1353 araṇyān manuṣye 4.2.129 — vuñ after araṇya for a human, overriding the ṇa of the vārttika at 1325: āraṇyakaḥ. A vārttika extends it to a path, a lesson, a rule, a retreat and an elephant. For cow-dung it is optional: āraṇyakāḥ / āraṇyāḥ gomayāḥ.
• 1354 vibhāṣā kuruyugandharābhyām 4.2.130 — the vuñ that 1349 would make obligatory becomes optional: kauravakaḥ / kauravaḥ, yaugandharakaḥ / yaugandharaḥ. TB: in effect the option is for yugandhara only, since kuru is in kacchādi.
• 1355 madravṛjyoḥ kan 4.2.131 — kan (no vṛddhi) replaces the janapada vuñ: madreṣu jātaḥ → madrakaḥ; also vṛjikaḥ.
• 1356 kopadhād aṇ 4.2.132 — aṇ replaces the janapada vuñ after a country name with k as penultimate: mahiṣika → māhiṣikaḥ.
• 1357 kacchādibhyaś ca 4.2.133 — aṇ after kaccha etc. as regions: kācchaḥ (overriding vuñ), saindhavaḥ (overriding the ṭhañ of 1343).
• 1358 manuṣyatatsthayor vuñ 4.2.134 — but vuñ after kaccha etc. for a human, or for something in him: kācchakaḥ (a man), kācchakaṃ hasitam (the source has kacchakam). A cow keeps aṇ: kācchaḥ gauḥ.
• 1359 apadātau sālvāt 4.2.135 — a restriction: sālva, which is in kacchādi, takes that vuñ only when the referent is not a foot-soldier: sālvakaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ, but sālvaḥ padātiḥ.
• 1360 goyavāgvoś ca 4.2.136 — vuñ after sālva also for a cow or gruel: sālvakaḥ gauḥ (the source has sālvākaḥ), sālvikā yavāgūḥ. Anything else: sālvam.

F. cha after region words — running example: vṛkagarte bhavam → vṛkagartīyam; rājan → rājakīyam

• 1361 gartottarapadāc chaḥ 4.2.137 — cha (an apavāda of aṇ) after a region compound ending in garta; BM makes this cha an adhikāra: vṛkagartīyam. "uttarapada" excludes a garta preceded by bahuc.
• 1362 gahādibhyaś ca 4.2.138 — cha after gaha etc.: gahīyaḥ. Its gaṇasūtras:
• mukhatas and pārśvatas, with the end of the tas elided: mukhatīyam, pārśvatīyam. This shows that ṭi-lopa of indeclinables is anitya.
• kuk for jana, para, deva and sva: janakīyam, parakīyam, devakīyam, svakīyam.
• chaṇ after veṇuka etc.: vaiṇukīyam, vaitrakīyam, auttarapadakīyam.
• 1363 prācāṃ kaṭādeḥ 4.2.139 — cha (for aṇ) after eastern region names beginning with kaṭa: kaṭanagarīyam, kaṭaghoṣīyam, kaṭapalvalīyam.
• 1364 rājñaḥ ka ca 4.2.140 — rājan is vṛddha and already takes cha; this rule adds ka in place of its final: rājak + īya → rājakīyam.
• 1365 vṛddhād akekāntakhopadhāt 4.2.141 — cha after a vṛddha region word ending in aka or ika, or with kh as penultimate. It overrides the kopadha aṇ and the Vāhīka ṭhañ/ñiṭha: brāhmaṇakīyaḥ, śālmalikīyaḥ, āyomukhīyaḥ.
• 1366 kanthāpaladanagaragrāmahradottarapadāt 4.2.142 — cha after a vṛddha region compound ending in one of these five. It overrides ṭhañ/ñiṭha, and for nagara the vuñ of 1347: dākṣikanthīyam, dākṣipaladīyam, dākṣinagarīyam, dākṣigrāmīyam, dākṣihradīyam (the source has °hṛdīyam).
• 1367 parvatāc ca 4.2.143 — cha after parvata, under the adhikāra of 1361 (BM): parvatīyaḥ.
• 1368 vibhāṣā 'manuṣye 4.2.144 — when the referent is not a human, that cha is optional, with aṇ otherwise: parvatīyāni / pārvatāni phalāni (the source has pārvatīni). A man: parvatīyaḥ only.
• 1369 kṛkaṇaparṇād bhāradvāje 4.2.145 — cha after kṛkaṇa and parṇa as places in the Bhāradvāja country: kṛkaṇīyam, parṇīyam. Elsewhere aṇ: kārkaṇam, pārṇam.

G. yuṣmad and asmad — running example: yuṣmad → yuṣmadīyaḥ / yauṣmākīṇaḥ / yauṣmākaḥ; singular tāvakīnaḥ / tāvakaḥ / tvadīyaḥ

• 1370 yuṣmadasmador anyatarasyāṃ khañ ca 4.3.1 — khañ, and by the ca cha, both optional, with aṇ otherwise; the cha is the one under adhikāra from 1361 (BM). With cha, in the dual/plural sense (yuvayor yuṣmākaṃ vā): yuṣmadīyaḥ, asmadīyaḥ.
• 1371 tasminn aṇi ca yuṣmākāsmākau 4.3.2 — before that khañ, or before aṇ, yuṣmad → yuṣmāka and asmad → asmāka.
• With khañ (→ īn), vṛddhi and ṇatva: yauṣmākīṇaḥ, āsmākīnaḥ.
• With aṇ: yauṣmākaḥ, āsmākaḥ.
• 1372 tavakamamakāv ekavacane 4.3.3 — when the pronoun denotes one person, tavaka / mamaka before khañ or aṇ: tāvakīnaḥ, tāvakaḥ, māmakīnaḥ, māmakaḥ.
• 1373 pratyayottarapadayoś ca 7.2.98 — before a pratyaya or an uttarapada, the m-portion of singular yuṣmad/asmad → tva / ma. Before cha the sup is elided, so the genitive-singular tava/mama of tavamamau ṅasi (A 7.2.96) have no ground. Instead tva + d + īya gives tvadīyaḥ, and likewise madīyaḥ.

H. ardha, madhya, dvīpa — running example: ardhe bhavaḥ → ardhyaḥ; pūrvārdha → paurvārdhikam / pūrvārdhyam

• 1374 ardhād yat 4.3.4 — yat after ardha: ardhyaḥ.
• 1375 parāvarādhamottamapūrvāc ca 4.3.5 — yat after ardha preceded by para, avara, adhama or uttama: parārdhyam, avarārdhyam (the source has avarārtham), adhamārdhyam, uttamārdhyam. Where para and avara are direction-words, 1376 would add ṭhañ, but yat alone comes. TB grounds this in pūrvavipratiṣedha (signalled by "pūrva"); BM grounds it in specific prescription.
• 1376 dikpūrvapadāṭ ṭhañ ca 4.3.6 — after ardha with a direction-word before it, ṭhañ, and by the ca yat: paurvārdhikam, pūrvārdhyam.
• 1377 grāmajanapadaikadeśād añṭhañau 4.3.7 — when dik + ardha names a part of a village or janapada: añ or ṭhañ. The base is a taddhitārtha compound (grāmasya pūrvasminn ardhe bhavāḥ): paurvārdhāḥ, paurvārdhikāḥ. ṭhañ is named for clarity, so that yat is not drawn in.
• 1378 madhyān maḥ 4.3.8 — ma after madhya: madhyamaḥ.
• 1379 a sāṃpratike 4.3.9 — a after madhya in the sense "just right, neither more nor less": madhyo vaiyākaraṇaḥ, madhyaṃ dāru.
• 1380 dvīpād anusamudraṃ yañ 4.3.10 — yañ after dvīpa for an island near the sea: dvaipyam. The feminine dvaipyā takes no ṅīp, because this is not the apatya yañ.

I. Time-words: kālāṭ ṭhañ and its special affixes — running example: māse bhavam → māsikam; sāyam → sāyantanam

• 1381 kālāṭ ṭhañ 4.3.11 — ṭhañ after time-words; the heading runs to 1393. māsa + ika, with vṛddhi and the a deleted → māsikam; also sāṃvatsarikam, sāyaṃprātikaḥ, paunaḥpunikaḥ. The poets' śārvara and auṣasa, and samānakālīna, are corrupt forms (apabhraṃśa), say the authorities.
• 1382 śrāddhe śaradaḥ 4.3.12 — ṭhañ after śarad for a śrāddha, overriding the season aṇ of 1387: śāradikaṃ śrāddham.
• 1383 vibhāṣā rogātapayoḥ 4.3.13 — optional for a disease or heat: śāradikaḥ / śāradaḥ. Otherwise śāradaṃ dadhi.
• 1384 niśāpradoṣābhyāṃ ca 4.3.14 — optional ṭhañ: naiśikam / naiśam, prādoṣikam / prādoṣam.
• 1385 śvasas tuṭ ca 4.3.15 — optional ṭhañ after śvas, with the augment tuṭ on the affix: śvas + t + ika, which becomes śauvastikam via 1386.
• 1386 dvārādīnāṃ ca 7.3.4 — for dvāra, svar, vyalkaśa, svasti, svara, sphyakṛt, svādu, mṛdu, śvas, śvan and sva, the vowel after the y/v takes no vṛddhi; the augment aic comes before the y/v instead. śvas → śauvas-: śauvastikam.
• 1387 saṃdhivelādyṛtunakṣatrebhyo 'ṇ 4.3.16 — aṇ (an apavāda of ṭhañ; naming aṇ also blocks cha, TB) after sandhivelā etc., seasons and nakṣatras used for time: sāndhivelam, graiṣmam, and tiṣya with its y deleted → taiṣam. A gaṇasūtra gives aṇ after saṃvatsara for a fruit or festival: sāṃvatsaraṃ phalam, but otherwise sāṃvatsarikam.
• 1388 prāvṛṣa eṇyaḥ 4.3.17 — eṇya after prāvṛṣ: prāvṛṣeṇyaḥ.
• 1389 varṣābhyaṣ ṭhak 4.3.18 — ṭhak after varṣāḥ. It also applies in the sense "good for", made śaiṣika by 1418: vārṣikaṃ vāsaḥ.
• 1390 sarvatrāṇ ca talopaś ca 4.3.22 — after hemanta, in the Veda and in ordinary usage alike, aṇ with the t deleted: haimanam. By the first ca, the season aṇ without the deletion: haimantam.
• 1391 sāyaṃciramprāhṇeprage'vyayebhyaṣ ṭyuṭyulau tuṭ ca 4.3.23 — ṭyu/ṭyul with tuṭ after sāyam, ciram, prāhṇe, prage and time-indeclinables. yu → ana takes place before tuṭ. sāyam + t + ana → sāyantanam; also cirantanam (the source has cirantam), prāhṇetanam and pragetanam (their e-ending by nipātana), doṣātanam, divātanam.
• Vārttika: tna after cira, parut, parāri: ciratnam, parutnam, parāritnam.
• Vārttika: ḍimac after agra, ādi, paścāt and anta: agrimam, ādimam, paścimam, antimam.
• 1392 vibhāṣā pūrvāhṇāparāhṇābhyām 4.3.24 — ṭyu/ṭyul with tuṭ, optionally; otherwise ṭhañ, which takes no tuṭ.
• The locative is kept by ghakālataneṣu… (SK 975): pūrvāhṇetanam, aparāhṇetanam.
• For "pūrvāhṇaḥ soḍho 'sya": pūrvāhṇatanam.
• With ṭhañ: paurvāhṇikam, āparāhṇikam.

J. The sense "born there" (tatra jātaḥ) — running example: srughne jātaḥ → sraughnaḥ

• 1393 tatra jātaḥ 4.3.25 — after a word samartha in the locative, in the sense "born", the general aṇ etc. and the gha etc. of 1313–1392 apply. srughna + aṇ, with vṛddhi → sraughnaḥ; also autsaḥ, rāṣṭriyaḥ, avārapārīṇaḥ.
• 1394 prāvṛṣaṣ ṭhap 4.3.26 — ṭhap replaces eṇya in the jāta sense: prāvṛṣikaḥ.
• 1395 saṃjñāyāṃ śarado vuñ 4.3.27 — vuñ after śarad when a name is meant, overriding the season aṇ: śāradakāḥ (kinds of darbha grass and of mudga bean).

K. Uttarapada-vṛddhi (7.3.10–14) — running example: supañcāleṣu jātaḥ → supāñcālakaḥ

• 1396 uttarapadasya 7.3.10 — an adhikāra running up to hanas ta… (SK 2574), in the kaumudī text repaired from TEI. Within it, before a ñit, ṇit or kit taddhita, the vṛddhi falls on the first vowel of the uttarapada.
• 1397 avayavād ṛtoḥ 7.3.11 — when the pūrvapada denotes a part, a season-word as uttarapada takes the vṛddhi. pūrva + varṣāḥ ("the earlier part of the rains") + ṭhak → pūrvavārṣikaḥ: pūrvavārṣikaḥ, aparahaimanaḥ.
• Vārttika ṛtor vṛddhimadvidhāv avayavānām: tadantavidhi applies, so the ṭhak of 1389 reaches pūrvavarṣāḥ.
• Bhaṭṭoji's own prose: tadantavidhi does not apply where pūrva does not denote a part. pūrvāsu varṣāsu bhavaḥ → ādivṛddhi: paurvavarṣikaḥ (ṭhañ by 1381, per BM).
• 1398 susarvārdhāj janapadasya 7.3.12 — after su, sarva or ardha, a janapada-word as uttarapada takes the vṛddhi. supañcāla + vuñ (by 1349, with 1348 continuing) → supāñcālakaḥ; also sarvapāñcālakaḥ, ardhapāñcālakaḥ. A vārttika gives tadantavidhi for su, sarva, ardha or a direction-word + a janapada-word.
• 1399 diśo 'madrāṇām 7.3.13 — likewise after a direction-word, before a ñit etc. taddhita, except for madra: pūrvapāñcālakaḥ.
• Where pūrva means time, not direction: paurvapañcālaḥ.
• Madra is excluded, so ādivṛddhi: paurvamadraḥ.
• The rule is split from 1398 so that only "diśaḥ" continues into 1400.
• 1400 prācāṃ grāmanagarāṇām 7.3.14 — after a direction-word, the names of eastern villages and towns take the vṛddhi in the uttarapada. For one who is in the village named Pūrveṣukāmaśamī: pūrvaiṣukāmaśamaḥ. For a town: pūrvapāṭaliputrakaḥ.

L. Special affixes and luk in the "born there" sense — running example: pūrvāhṇe jātaḥ → pūrvāhṇakaḥ; with luk, śraviṣṭhāsu jātaḥ → śraviṣṭhaḥ

• 1401 pūrvāhṇāparāhṇārdrāmūlapradoṣāvaskarād vun 4.3.28 — vun (→ aka, with no vṛddhi): pūrvāhṇakaḥ, aparāhṇakaḥ, ārdrakaḥ, mūlakaḥ, pradoṣakaḥ, avaskarakaḥ.
• 1402 pathaḥ pantha ca 4.3.29 — vun continues from 1401 (anuvṛtti), and the ca adds the substitute pantha: pathi jātaḥ → pantha + aka → panthakaḥ.
• 1403 amāvāsyāyā vā 4.3.30 — vun optionally; otherwise the sandhivelādi aṇ: amāvāsyakaḥ / āmāvāsyaḥ.
• 1404 a ca 4.3.31 — also the affix a after amāvāsyā in the sense "born there": amāvāsyaḥ.
• 1405 sindhvapakarābhyāṃ kan 4.3.32 — kan. For sindhu it overrides the kacchādi aṇ and the human vuñ: sindhukaḥ. For apakara it overrides the general aṇ: apakarakaḥ.
• 1406 aṇañau ca 4.3.33 — also aṇ and añ, respectively, in the sense "born there": sindhu → saindhavaḥ, apakara → āpakaraḥ.
• 1407 śraviṣṭhāphalgunyanurādhāsvātitiṣyapunarvasuhastaviśākhāṣāḍhābahulāl luk 4.3.34 — luk of the jāta affix after these nakṣatra names. The form comes under 1408.
• 1408 luk taddhitaluki 1.2.49 — when a taddhita undergoes luk, the feminine affix of the subordinate member goes too. śraviṣṭhā + aṇ with luk → the ā goes → śraviṣṭhaḥ; also phalgunaḥ. Three vārttikas follow:
• Luk also in the feminine after citrā, revatī and rohiṇī: citrā, revatī, rohiṇī. For the last two, ṅīṣ comes back because pippalyādi is an open class.
• ṭa after phalgunī and an after aṣāḍhā, in the feminine: phalgunī, aṣāḍhā.
• chaṇ after śraviṣṭhā and aṣāḍhā, even outside the feminine: śrāviṣṭhīyaḥ, āṣāḍhīyaḥ.
• 1409 je proṣṭhapadānām 7.3.18 — before a jāta affix, the proṣṭhapadā words take uttarapada-vṛddhi. Under "uttarapadasya" only the second member should change, so the expected form is proṣṭhapādaḥ. The transmitted prauṣṭhapadaḥ is a bhava-form without uttarapada-vṛddhi and does not illustrate the rule.
• The plural takes in a synonym: bhadrapadā. The regular form, bhadrapādaḥ, is BM's pratīka; the transmitted bhādrapādaḥ is anomalous.
• 1410 sthānāntagośālakharaśālāc ca 4.3.35 — luk of the jāta affix after a sthāna-final word, and after gośāla and kharaśāla: gosthānaḥ, gośālaḥ, kharaśālaḥ. The short final in the sūtra is the neuter shortening (SK 828).
• 1411 vatsaśālābhijidaśvayukchatabhiṣajo vā 4.3.36 — that luk is optional: vatsaśālaḥ / vātsaśālaḥ. Vārttika: the reinstated aṇ is optionally ḍit, which deletes the ṭi: śātabhiṣaḥ. Without that, śātabhiṣajaḥ; with luk, śatabhiṣak.
• 1412 nakṣatrebhyo bahulam 4.3.37 — luk after nakṣatras, variously (bahulam): rohiṇaḥ / rauhiṇaḥ.

M. Further locative senses, and time-words in their own senses — running example: srughne kṛto labdhaḥ krītaḥ kuśalo vā → sraughnaḥ; māse deyam ṛṇam → māsikam

• 1413 kṛtalabdhakrītakuśalāḥ 4.3.38 — only "tatra" is carried forward; "jātaḥ" ceases (BM). Made, obtained or bought in Srughna, or skilled in it: sraughnaḥ.
• 1414 prāyabhavaḥ 4.3.39 — "usually found there" (prāyeṇa = bāhulyena): sraughnaḥ. BM and TB report that the Bhāṣya rejects this sūtra.
• 1415 upajānūpakarṇopanīveṣ ṭhak 4.3.40 — ṭhak in the prāyabhava sense after these avyayībhāvas of proximity. After u, ṭh → k: aupajānukaḥ; otherwise ik: aupakarṇikaḥ, aupanīvikaḥ.
• 1416 saṃbhūte 4.3.41 — "possible, finding room there": sraughnaḥ.
• 1417 kośāḍ ḍhañ 4.3.42 — ḍhañ after kośa: kauśeyaṃ vastram. BM reads it as a vikāra ("product of the cocoon"); TB as a fixed derived word (yogarūḍha).
• 1418 kālāt sādhupuṣpyatpacyamāneṣu 4.3.43 — after a time-word in the seventh case, "good / flowering / ripening then": haimantaḥ prākāraḥ, vāsantyaḥ kundalatāḥ, śāradāḥ śālayaḥ.
• 1419 upte ca 4.3.44 — "sown then": haimantāḥ yavāḥ.
• 1420 āśvayujyā vuñ 4.3.45 — vuñ instead of ṭhañ after āśvayujī (the full-moon day), in the sense "sown then": āśvayujakāḥ (māṣa beans).
• 1421 grīṣmavasantād anyatarasyām 4.3.46 — that vuñ optionally, with the ñ bringing vṛddhi; otherwise the season aṇ: graiṣmakam / graiṣmam, vāsantakam / vāsantam.
• 1422 deyam ṛṇe 4.3.47 — "to be paid then", of a debt. "kālāt" and "tatra" continue; vuñ has ceased. With ṭhañ by 1381: māsikam.
• 1423 kalāpyaśvatthayavabusād vun 4.3.48 — vun after time-names taken from peacock-plumes, aśvattha fruit and barley-chaff. The in of kalāpin is deleted by nas taddhite: kalāpakam (the source has kālāpakam). Also aśvatthakam, yavabusakam.
• 1424 grīṣmāvarasamād vuñ 4.3.49 — vuñ: graiṣmakam, āvarasamakam (the source has āvasarasamakam).
• 1425 saṃvatsarāgrahāyaṇībhyāṃ ṭhañ ca 4.3.50 — ṭhañ, and by the ca vuñ: sāṃvatsarikam / sāṃvatsarakam, āgrahāyaṇikam / āgrahāyaṇakam.
• 1426 vyāharati mṛgaḥ 4.3.51 — "cries then", of a beast: naiśaḥ / naiśikaḥ (the option of 1384).
• 1427 tad asya soḍham 4.3.52 — after a time-word in the first case: "that has been practised (soḍha) by him". niśā stands for night-study, giving naiśaḥ / naiśikaḥ.

N. "Being there" (tatra bhavaḥ) and its special affixes — running example: srughne bhavaḥ → sraughnaḥ; dante bhavam → dantyam

• 1428 tatra bhavaḥ 4.3.53 — "existing there": bhava is sattā, not the origin of 1393, and "kālāt" ends here. Forms: sraughnaḥ (aṇ), rāṣṭriyaḥ (gha).
• 1429 digādibhyo yat 4.3.54 — yat after diś etc.: diśyam, vargyam.
• 1430 śarīrāvayavāc ca 4.3.55 — yat after body-part words. danta + ya, with the a deleted → dantyam; also karṇyam.
• 1431 prācāṃ nagarānte 7.3.24 — for an eastern aṅga ending in nagara, both members take vṛddhi before a ñit etc. taddhita: suhmanagare bhavaḥ → sauhmanāgaraḥ = sauhmanāgaraḥ; also paurvanāgaraḥ. A northern town like madranagara takes vṛddhi of the first vowel only: mādranagaraḥ (the source has managaram / mānagaraḥ).
• 1432 jaṅgaladhenuvalajāntasya vibhāṣitam uttaram 7.3.25 — for an aṅga ending in jaṅgala, dhenu or valaja, the pūrvapada takes vṛddhi and the uttarapada optionally: kaurujaṅgalam / kaurujāṅgalam (the NSP reading; the source has kaurujaṅgalajam), vaiśvadhenavam / vaiśvadhainavam, sauvarṇavalajam / sauvarṇavālajam.
• 1433 dṛtikukṣikalaśivastyastyaher ḍhañ 4.3.56 — ḍhañ; kukṣi would otherwise take vuñ as a dhūmādi word: dārteyam, kaukṣeyam, kālaśeyam, bāsteyam, āsteyam, āheyam.
• 1434 grīvābhyo 'ṇ ca 4.3.57 — aṇ, and by the ca ḍhañ, overriding the yat of 1430; "grīvābhyaḥ" is simply plural: graivam, graiveyam.
• 1435 gambhīrāñ ñyaḥ 4.3.58 — ñya: gāmbhīryam. A vārttika adds pañcajana: pāñcajanyaḥ.
• 1436 avyayībhāvāc ca 4.3.59 — ñya after an avyayībhāva, and by the vārttika only after parimukha etc.: pārimukhyam. upakūlam is not in that group: aupakūlaḥ.
• 1437 antaḥpūrvapadāṭ ṭhañ 4.3.60 — ṭhañ after an avyayībhāva beginning with antar: antarveśmam → āntarveśmikam, āntargaṇikam. A vārttika adds adhyātma etc.: ādhyātmikam.
• 1438 anuśatikādīnāṃ ca 7.3.20 — both members take vṛddhi before a ñit etc. taddhita: ādhidaivikam, ādhibhautikam, aihalaukikam, pāralaukikam. adhyātmādi is an open class.
• 1439 devikāśiṃśapādityavāḍdīrghasatraśreyasām āt 7.3.1 — when vṛddhi is due, ā replaces the first vowel of these words. devikā → dāvikam; also dāvikākūlāḥ śālayaḥ, rice plants that are on the bank of the Devikā.
• śāṃśapaḥ camasaḥ has añ in the vikāra sense (SK 1521).
• Also dātyauham, dārghasatram, śrāyasam.
• 1440 grāmāt paryanupūrvāt 4.3.61 — ṭhañ after the avyayībhāvas pari-grāma and anu-grāma: pārigrāmikaḥ, ānugrāmikaḥ.
• 1441 jihvāmūlāṅguleś chaḥ 4.3.62 — cha, overriding the body-part yat: jihvāmūlīyam, aṅgulīyam.
• 1442 vargāntāc ca 4.3.63 — cha after a varga-final word: kavargīyam ("being in the ka-group").
• 1443 aśabde yatkhāv anyatarasyām 4.3.64 — when no speech-sound is meant, yat or kha optionally, otherwise cha: madvargyaḥ / madvargīṇaḥ / madvargīyaḥ ("on my side"). For a sound, cha only: kavargīyo varṇaḥ.
• 1444 karṇalalāṭāt kan alaṃkāre 4.3.65 — kan when an ornament is meant, overriding yat; the feminine follows usage: karṇikā, lalāṭikā.

O. "Its explanation" (tasya vyākhyānaḥ), with "being in it" — running example: supāṃ vyākhyānaḥ → saupo granthaḥ

• 1445 tasya vyākhyāna iti ca vyākhyātavyanāmnaḥ 4.3.66 — after the name of a text to be explained, in the genitive: "an explanation of it". By the ca also "occurring in it" (tatra bhavaḥ). With aṇ: saupaḥ, taiṅaḥ, kārtaḥ; supsu bhavam → saupam.
• 1446 bahvaco 'ntodāttāṭ ṭhañ 4.3.67 — ṭhañ (an apavāda of aṇ) after an end-acute word with many vowels: ṣatvaṇatva → ṣātvaṇatvikaḥ.
• 1447 kratuyajñebhyaś ca 4.3.68 — ṭhañ after names of sacrifices, soma or not. It is needed for the ones that are not end-acute, such as vājapeya; the source's "antodāttārtha" is to be read anantodāttārtha (TB). Forms: āgniṣṭomikaḥ, vājapeyikaḥ, pākayajñikaḥ, nāvayajñikaḥ.
• 1448 adhyāyeṣv evarṣeḥ 4.3.69 — ṭhañ after a ṛṣi's name, which stands for his mantra, only for a chapter: vāsiṣṭhiko 'dhyāyaḥ, but vāsiṣṭhī ṛk.
• 1449 pauroḍāśapuroḍāśāt ṣṭhan 4.3.70 — ṣṭhan, with ṅīṣ in the feminine. The puroḍāśa mantra is called puroḍāśa, and the same mantra is also called pauroḍāśa: pauroḍāśikaḥ.
• 1450 chandaso yadaṇau 4.3.71 — yat or aṇ, overriding the ṭhak of 1451 and not paired with the two senses: chandasyaḥ, chāndasaḥ.
• 1451 dvyajṛdbrāhmaṇarkprathamādhvarapuraścaraṇanāmākhyātāṭ ṭhak 4.3.72 — ṭhak.
• Two-vowelled words: aiṣṭikaḥ, and paśu → pāśukaḥ (ṭh → k after u).
• ṛ-final: cāturhotṛkaḥ.
• The listed words: brāhmaṇikaḥ, ārcikaḥ etc.
• 1452 aṇ ṛgayanādibhyaḥ 4.3.73 — aṇ overriding ṭhañ etc.; naming it also blocks cha: ārgayanaḥ, aupaniṣadaḥ, vaiyākaraṇaḥ (aic by na yvābhyām).

P. "Come from there" (tata āgataḥ) and "first becomes visible from there" (prabhavati) — running example: srughnād āgataḥ → sraughnaḥ; himavataḥ prabhavati → haimavatī gaṅgā

• 1453 tata āgataḥ 4.3.74 — after an ablative, "come from there": sraughnaḥ.
• 1454 ṭhag āyasthānebhyaḥ 4.3.75 — ṭhak after words for places of revenue: śulkaśālā → śaulkaśālikaḥ.
• 1455 śuṇḍikādibhyo 'ṇ 4.3.76 — aṇ, overriding the āyasthāna ṭhak and cha etc.: śauṇḍikaḥ, kārkaṇaḥ, tairthaḥ.
• 1456 vidyāyonisaṃbandhebhyo vuñ 4.3.77 — vuñ after words for relations by learning or by birth: aupādhyāyakaḥ, paitāmahakaḥ.
• 1457 ṛtaṣ ṭhañ 4.3.78 — ṭhañ in place of that vuñ after ṛ-final relation words, with ṭh → k after ṛ: paitṛkam, bhrātṛkam.
• 1458 pitur yac ca 4.3.79 — also yat after pitṛ. By rīṅ ṛtaḥ, [pitṛ + ya → pitrī + ya]; the ī is deleted, [→ pitr + ya] → pitryam. With ṭhañ: paitṛkam.
• 1459 gotrād aṅkavat 4.3.80 — after a (laukika) gotra word, the affixes of the aṅka sense (1507): bidebhya āgatam → baidam; also gārgam, dākṣam. The vuñ seen in aṅka is covered too: aupagavakam.
• 1460 nañaḥ śucīśvarakṣetrajñakuśalanipuṇānām 7.3.30 — before a ñit etc. taddhita, śuci, īśvara, kṣetrajña, kuśala and nipuṇa after nañ take vṛddhi of their first vowel; the pūrvapada optionally does too. From aśuci, "come from", with aṇ: āśaucam / aśaucam. Likewise ānaiśvaryam / anaiśvaryam, ākṣaitrajñam / akṣaitrajñam, ākauśalam / akauśalam, ānaipuṇam / anaipuṇam.
• 1461 hetumanuṣyebhyo 'nyatarasyāṃ rūpyaḥ 4.3.81 — rūpya, optionally, after words for a cause or a human: samarūpyam, viṣamarūpyam; otherwise cha, since sama and viṣama are in gahādi: samīyam, viṣamīyam. For a person: devadattarūpyam / devadattīyam / daivadattam.
• 1462 mayaṭ ca 4.3.82 — also mayaṭ, after either kind of base: samamayam, viṣamamayam, devadattamayam.
• 1463 prabhavati 4.3.83 — "first becomes visible from there" (TB: first seen there, not origin): haimavatī gaṅgā.
• 1464 vidūrāñ ñyaḥ 4.3.84 — ñya after vidūra: vaidūryaḥ (the gem).

Q. Accusative senses: "goes to", "goes out towards", "a text about" — running example: srughnaṃ gacchati → sraughnaḥ (panthā dūto vā); śārīrakam adhikṛtya kṛtaḥ → śārīrakīyaḥ

• 1465 tad gacchati pathidūtayoḥ 4.3.85 — after an accusative, "goes to that", when the goer is a road or a messenger: sraughnaḥ.
• 1466 abhiniṣkrāmati dvāram 4.3.86 — "goes out towards that", when the goer is a gate: sraughnam (the gate of Kānyakubja).
• 1467 adhikṛtya kṛte granthe 4.3.87 — "a text composed about that". śārīraka (the embodied self) is vṛddha, so cha: śārīrakīyaḥ. śārīrakaṃ bhāṣyam is a transferred usage based on non-difference (abhedopacāra).
• 1468 śiśukrandayamasabhadvandvendrajananādibhyaś chaḥ 4.3.88 — cha in that sense: śiśukrandīyaḥ, yamasabhīyaḥ (the neuter yamasabham by nipātana), from a dvandva kirātārjunīyam, and from the open class indrajananādi indrajananīyam, viruddhabhojanīyam.

R. "That is his dwelling / ancestral home / object of devotion" (so 'sya nivāsaḥ, abhijanaḥ, bhaktiḥ) — running example: srughno nivāso 'sya → sraughnaḥ; apūpā bhaktir asya → āpūpikaḥ

• 1469 so 'sya nivāsaḥ 4.3.89 — after a first-case word, in the sense "his", where it is his dwelling-place: sraughnaḥ.
• 1470 abhijanaś ca 4.3.90 — likewise where it is his abhijana, the place where his forebears lived (as against nivāsa, where he lives himself): sraughnaḥ.
• 1471 āyudhajīvibhyaś chaḥ parvate 4.3.91 — cha when the abhijana is a mountain and the derivative denotes men who live by arms: hṛdgola → hṛdgolīyāḥ. Otherwise: ārkṣodā dvijāḥ.
• 1472 śaṇḍikādibhyo ñyaḥ 4.3.92 — ñya in the abhijana sense: śāṇḍikyaḥ.
• 1473 sindhutakṣaśilādibhyo 'ṇañau 4.3.93 — aṇ after sindhu etc. and añ after takṣaśilā etc., respectively (TB). The kaumudī names only añ, apparently through an eye-skip. Forms: saindhavaḥ (aṇ), tākṣaśilaḥ (añ); they differ only in accent.
• 1474 tūdīśalāturavarmatīkūcavārāḍ ḍhakchaṇḍhañyakaḥ 4.3.94 — ḍhak, chaṇ, ḍhañ, yak, respectively: taudeyaḥ, śālāturīyaḥ, vārmateyaḥ, kaucavāryaḥ.
• 1475 bhaktiḥ 4.3.95 — "so 'sya" continues: "that is what he resorts to (bhakti)": sraughnaḥ.
• 1476 acittād adeśakālāṭ ṭhak 4.3.96 — ṭhak after a word for an inanimate thing that is not a place or a time: āpūpikaḥ, pāyasikaḥ. The counter-forms daivadattaḥ, sraughnaḥ and graiṣmaḥ take no ṭhak.
• 1477 mahārājāṭ ṭhañ 4.3.97 — ṭhañ: māhārājikaḥ.
• 1478 vāsudevārjunābhyāṃ vun 4.3.98 — vun, overriding cha/aṇ: vāsudevakaḥ, arjunakaḥ.
• 1479 gotrakṣatriyākhyebhyo bahulaṃ vuñ 4.3.99 — vuñ, variously, after (laukika) gotra words and kṣatriya names. It overrides aṇ, and cha by paratva: glaucukāyanakaḥ, nākulakaḥ. Because of bahulam, pāṇina keeps cha: pāṇinīyaḥ.
• 1480 janapadināṃ janapadavat sarvaṃ janapadena samānaśabdānāṃ bahuvacane 4.3.100 — for words for the rulers of a janapada that sound like the janapada-word in the plural, everything (affix and base) is as for the janapada, i.e. the 1348 set. From aṅgāḥ, whether the janapada or its kṣatriyas: āṅgakaḥ. A word that is not such a ruler-name: pauravīyaḥ. The printed kaumudī probably also had the counter-example pañcālā brāhmaṇāḥ, which is missing from the source.

S. "Promulgated by" (tena proktam) — running example: pāṇininā proktam → pāṇinīyam; tittiriṇā proktam adhīyate → taittirīyāḥ

• 1481 tena proktam 4.3.101 — after an instrumental, "promulgated by him", i.e. made known by teaching, not necessarily made (TB). pāṇina is vṛddha, so cha: pāṇinīyam (a grammar).
• 1482 tittirivaratantukhaṇḍikokhāc chaṇ 4.3.102 — chaṇ, overriding aṇ. These derivatives are tadviṣaya (1278): they are used only with the affix meaning "who study it", and that affix undergoes luk by proktāl luk (SK 1274): taittirīyāḥ. From here to 1492 the promulgated work must be a Veda (BM).
• 1483 kāśyapakauśikābhyām ṛṣibhyāṃ ṇiniḥ 4.3.103 — ṇini, overriding cha, after the ṛṣis Kāśyapa and Kauśika: kāśyapinaḥ (also kauśikinaḥ).
• 1484 kalāpivaiśampāyanāntevāsibhyaś ca 4.3.104 — ṇini after the names of Kalāpin's and Vaiśampāyana's pupils. Haridru with guṇa → hāridraviṇaḥ; also ālambinaḥ.
• 1485 purāṇaprokteṣu brāhmaṇakalpeṣu 4.3.105 — ṇini for brāhmaṇas and kalpas promulgated by an ancient sage: bhāllavinaḥ, śāṭyāyaninaḥ (BM reads śāṭhyāyana), paiṅgī kalpaḥ. Works of sages who are not ancient take aṇ. Yājñavalkya and āśmarathya are kaṇvādi, and their y is deleted by āpatyasya… (SK 1082): yājñavalkāni brāhmaṇāni (the transmitted reading is yājñavalkyāni), āśmarathaḥ kalpaḥ.
• 1486 śaunakādibhyaś chandasi 4.3.106 — ṇini for a Vedic text: śaunakinaḥ.
• 1487 kaṭhacarakāl luk 4.3.107 — luk of the prokta affix: Kaṭha's ṇini and Caraka's aṇ both go: kaṭhāḥ, carakāḥ. The source's opening word "kalāpinā" has probably intruded from 1488.
• 1488 kalāpino 'ṇ 4.3.108 — aṇ, overriding the ṇini that Kalāpin would get as Vaiśampāyana's pupil. The vārttika nāntasya ṭilope sabrahmacāri… upasaṃkhyānam deletes the ṭi in: kālāpāḥ.
• 1489 chagalino ḍhinuk 4.3.109 — ḍhinuk (→ eyin), overriding ṇini: chāgaleyinaḥ.
• 1490 pārāśaryaśilālibhyāṃ bhikṣunaṭasūtrayoḥ 4.3.110 — ṇini, which jumps back from 1483–1486 (maṇḍūkapluti), for the bhikṣu-sūtra and the naṭa-sūtra respectively: pārāśariṇaḥ (mendicants), śailālinaḥ (actors).
• 1491 karmandakṛśāśvād iniḥ 4.3.111 — ini, likewise: karmandinaḥ (mendicants), kṛśāśvinaḥ (actors).

T. Other instrumental senses: "same direction as", "first known by", "made by" — running example: pāṇininā upajñātam → pāṇinīyam; vararucinā kṛtaḥ → vārarucaḥ granthaḥ

• 1492 tenaikadik 4.3.112 — "lying in the same direction as that"; restating "tena" ends the chandas restriction. There is no ṭi-lopa, by an: saudāmanī (lightning).
• 1493 tasiś ca 4.3.113 — also tasi; the form is an indeclinable, being in svarādi: pīlumūlataḥ.
• 1494 uraso yac ca 4.3.114 — yat, and by the ca tasi, after uras, overriding aṇ: urasyaḥ, urastaḥ.
• 1495 upajñāte 4.3.115 — "first known by": pāṇinīyam.
• 1496 kṛte granthe 4.3.116 — "a text made by": vārarucaḥ granthaḥ.
• 1497 saṃjñāyām 4.3.117 — "made by", when a name is meant; "kṛte" continues but "granthe" does not: makṣikābhiḥ kṛtam → mākṣikaṃ madhu.
• 1498 kulālādibhyo vuñ 4.3.118 — vuñ in that sense: kaulālakam, vāruḍakam.
• 1499 kṣudrābhramaravaṭarapādapād añ 4.3.119 — añ, where pādapa would otherwise take cha and the others aṇ (TB): kṣaudram, bhrāmaram, vāṭaram, pādapam.

U. "This is his / its" (tasyedam), and the caraṇa and gotra affixes — running example: upagor idam → aupagavam; chandogānāṃ dharma āmnāyo vā → chāndogyam

• 1500 tasyedam 4.3.120 — after a genitive, "this is his/its": upagu with guṇa → aupagavam. Three vārttikas follow:
• vah + tṛ, then aṇ with iṭ: sāṃvahitram.
• agnīdh + raṇ for "his house", the base being bha: āgnīdhram.
• samidh + ṣeṇyaṇ for "the means of placing": sāmidhenyo mantraḥ, and with ṅīṣ sāmidhenī ṛk.
• 1501 rathād yat 4.3.121 — yat, for a part of a chariot: rathyaṃ cakram.
• 1502 patrapūrvād añ 4.3.122 — añ after ratha when a word for a conveyance precedes it: āśvaratham.
• 1503 patrādhvaryupariṣadaś ca 4.3.123 — añ after a draught-animal word (a vārttika restricts it to what is drawn), and after adhvaryu and pariṣad: āśvam, ādhvaryavam, pāriṣadam.
• 1504 halasīrāṭ ṭhak 4.3.124 — ṭhak: hālikam, sairikam.
• 1505 dvandvād vun vairamaithunikayoḥ 4.3.125 — vun after a dvandva for an enmity or a marriage alliance: kākolūkikā, kutsakuśikikā (the source has kutsi-). A vārttika excludes devāsura etc. for enmity: daivāsuram.
• 1506 gotracaraṇād vuñ 4.3.126 — vuñ after a gotra word or a caraṇa word: aupagavakam. A vārttika restricts it, after a caraṇa word, to its dharma or āmnāya: kāṭhakam.
• 1507 saṃghāṅkalakṣaṇeṣv añyañiñām aṇ 4.3.127 — aṇ after añ-, yañ- and iñ-stems for their saṅgha, aṅka or lakṣaṇa; a vārttika adds ghoṣa. The masculine is for saṅgha, aṅka or ghoṣa; the neuter for lakṣaṇa:
• añ: baidaḥ / baidam;
• yañ: gārgaḥ / gārgam;
• iñ: dākṣaḥ / dākṣam.
• 1508 śākalād vā 4.3.128 — aṇ optionally in those senses, with the caraṇa vuñ otherwise: śākalaḥ / śākalakaḥ. The kaumudī names the propounder as Śākala; BM implies śakala, and the standard reading is śākalya.
• 1509 chandogaukthikayājñikabahvṛcanaṭāñ ñyaḥ 4.3.129 — ñya, for dharma or āmnāya; by association naṭa is restricted the same way: chāndogyam, aukthikyam, yājñikyam, bāhvṛcyam, nāṭyam.
• 1510 na daṇḍamāṇavāntevāsiṣu 4.3.130 — no gotra vuñ when the derivative denotes staff-bearing youths or pupils: dākṣi → dākṣāḥ.
• 1511 raivatikādibhyaś chaḥ 4.3.131 — cha, overriding vuñ: raivatikīyaḥ, baijavāpīyaḥ.
• 1512 kaupiñjalahāstipadād aṇ 4.3.132 — aṇ, overriding the gotra vuñ. The first aṇ, in kupiñjala → kaupiñjala, is itself by nipātana here; aṇ again gives kaupiñjalaḥ. Also hāstipada's → hāstipadaḥ.
• 1513 ātharvaṇikasyekalopaś ca 4.3.133 — aṇ, with ika deleted, overriding the caraṇa vuñ: ātharvaṇika → ātharvaṇaḥ (the dharma or āmnāya).