Rule. When a vṛddha word is expressed together with a yuvan word, the vṛddha word alone is retained — provided the entire difference in form between the two is made by the gotra and yuvan affixes alone. A vṛddha is a gotra derivative: a word ending in the gotra affix, the affix that names a descendant from the grandson onward (apatyaṃ pautraprabhṛti gotram, A 4.1.162). Vṛddha is the older teachers' word for such a descendant. A yuvan word ends in the yuvan affix of A 4.1.163, which marks a younger member of the line while an elder is alive. "Expressed together" (sahokti) is the situation in which two words are meant jointly, as a sentence would join them with ca. It is not in the sūtra but is supplied by the reader (adhyāhāra). "Is retained" (śiṣyate) is the word śeṣa of SK 188, carried forward by anuvṛtti. Tallakṣaṇa means "having those (the two affixes) as its cause"; viśeṣa is the difference in form; and the word eva "only" is what gives "entire".
Example.
gārgya "descendant of Garga" → garga + the gotra affix yañ (A 4.1.105) → a vṛddha word.
gārgyāyaṇa "junior descendant of Gārgya" → gārgya + the yuvan affix phak (A 4.1.101) → a yuvan word.
gārgyaś ca gārgyāyaṇaś ca "Gārgya and Gārgyāyaṇa" → the two differ only by yañ against yañ + phak → the whole difference is affix-made → the vṛddha word gārgya alone is kept → it takes the number of both → gārgya in the nominative dual → gārgyau.
Applies when / blocked by. Each word of the sūtra bars a case, and Bhaṭṭoji gives all four.
- Why "vṛddha"?
gargagārgyāyaṇau"Garga and Gārgyāyaṇa": garga has no gotra affix, so it is not a vṛddha word. No ekaśeṣa; the two form a dvandva. - Why "together with a yuvan"?
gargagārgyau"Garga and Gārgya": there is no yuvan word here. No ekaśeṣa. - Why "due to those affixes"?
bhāgavittibhāgavittikau. Bhāgavitti is the gotra descendant of Bhagavitta, by the affix iñ (A 4.1.95). Bhāgavittika is a junior descendant of Bhāgavitti among the Sauvīras, spoken of with contempt, by the affix ṭhak (A 4.1.148). The difference is made not by the two affixes alone but also by the contempt and the Sauvīra-hood. No ekaśeṣa. - Why "entire"?
gārgyavātsyāyanau"Gārgya and Vātsyāyana". Vātsyāyana is the yuvan derivative of vātsya, the gotra descendant of Vatsa. Gotra and yuvan affixes are present, but the bases garga and vatsa also differ, so the difference is not entirely affix-made. No ekaśeṣa. (Scholars discuss the exact reading of this example.)
Watch out. Bhaṭṭoji's commentators ask why Pāṇini wrote vṛddha and not simply gotra. The answer: outside the section on descendants (the apatya-adhikāra), gotra means the everyday family name, not the technical one. Writing vṛddha keeps the technical sense. One consequence they draw: aupagava, an immediate son of Upagu, and aupagavi, his junior, get no ekaśeṣa, because the son's name is not a gotra derivative in the technical sense.
When [a gotra derivative] is expressed together (sahokti) with a yuvan [derivative], the gotra [word] is retained (śiṣyate) — provided the entire difference in form (vairūpya) between the two is produced by the gotra and yuvan affixes alone. gārgyaś ca gārgyāyaṇaś ca → gārgyau. Why "vṛddha"? gargagārgyāyaṇau. Why "together with a yuvan"? gargagārgyau. Why "due to that (tallakṣaṇa)"? bhāgavittibhāgavittikau. Why "entire" (kṛtsna)? gārgavātsyāyanau.
- textual Source kaumudī reads 'gotrayuvapratyamātrakṛtam' for gotrayuvapratyaya-mātra-kṛtam (a dropped akṣara; BM's pratīka 'gotrayuveti' and gloss 'gotrayuvapratyayanimittakaś cet' confirm), and 'gārgavātsyāyanau' where BM and TB both read gārgya-vātsyāyanau (gārgya, the yañ-derivative of garga, as in the first example; BM's vigraha 'gārgyaś ca vātsyāyanaś ca'). Translated on the commentators' reading; the source is not emended.
- commentary BM: 'vṛddha' here means the gotra as defined in 'apatyaṃ pautraprabhṛti gotram' (A 4.1.162), i.e. a word ending in a gotra affix, since the earlier teachers used 'vṛddha' as the term for a descendant beyond the immediate offspring (TB quotes it as 'apatyam antarhitaṃ vṛddham'); 'yūnā' = with a word ending in the yuvan affix of 'jīvati tu vaṃśye yuvā' (A 4.1.163); 'sahoktau' is supplied by adhyāhāra; 'śiṣyate' spells out 'śeṣa' (the ghañ noun in the object sense) carried forward (anuvṛtti) from 'sarūpāṇām ekaśeṣa ekavibhaktau' (A 1.2.64); 'tallakṣaṇa' = having those, the gotra and yuvan affixes, as its cause (nimitta); 'viśeṣa' = difference in form (vairūpya); 'kṛtsnam' (entire) is obtained from 'eva'. Followed throughout.
- commentary BM and TB: Pāṇini says 'vṛddha' rather than 'gotra' in order to signal the siddhānta that outside the apatya-adhikāra the word 'gotra' means the ordinary (laukika) gotra; TB draws the consequence that aupagavaś cānantaraḥ aupagaviś ca yuvā receives no ekaśeṣa.
- commentary BM (TB agrees on bhāgavittika and gārgya-vātsyāyana): gārgya = gotra descendant of garga, yañ by 'gargādibhyo yañ' (A 4.1.105); gārgyāyaṇa = yuvan descendant of gārgya, phak by 'yañiñoś ca' (A 4.1.101) — their difference is due to the gotra and yuvan affixes alone, so the gotra word gārgya is retained. gargagārgyāyaṇau: garga does not end in a gotra affix. gargagārgyau: there is no co-expression with a yuvan. bhāgavitti = gotra descendant of bhagavitta, iñ by 'ata iñ' (A 4.1.95); bhāgavittika = a contemptible young descendant of bhāgavitti among the Sauvīras, ṭhak by 'vṛddhāṭ ṭhak sauvīreṣu bahulam' (A 4.1.148) — the difference is additionally due to contempt (kutsā) and Sauvīra-hood, hence not due to the two affixes alone. gārgya-vātsyāyana (vātsya = gotra descendant of vatsa by yañ, vātsyāyana his yuvan descendant by phak): the difference lies also in the base (garga versus vatsa), so it is not entirely affix-made.