हलन्तस्त्रीलिङ्गप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 440–442 (3 sūtras): all present.

halanta-strīliṅga-prakaraṇa — outline (p12, SK 440–442, all 3 sūtras)

Deriving the feminine declension of the consonant-ending stems. The prakaraṇa carries only three sūtras, each a narrow substitution that the kaumudī then uses to close a whole run of feminine finals: 440 naho dhaḥ anchors the h-finals (upānah, uṣṇih) and, in its walk, the v/r-finals and the catur/kim specials; 441 yaḥ sau gives the feminine idam and, in its walk, the j/d/c/p-finals (sraj, tyad, vāc, ap); 442 apo bhi closes ap and, in its walk, the ś/ṣ/s-finals (diś, tviṣ, sajūṣ, āśis) and the feminine adas paradigm (asau … amūṣu). Seven outcome-groups, kept in SK order. Ordering note: because there are only three sūtras, groups B, D, F, G carry no new sūtra of their own — they are the continuing kaumudī walk of the SK unit named in the group just above (440 for B, 441 for D, 442 for F–G), whose paradigms are driven by rules established in earlier prakaraṇas (cross-referenced by SK number). Coverage of SK 442 stops at the close of the feminine (amūṣu); its Bālamanoramā runs on into the entire neuter prakaraṇa, which is not part of this outline. Saṃjñā/cross-referenced rules sit where they first bite.

A. h-final feminines — naho dhaḥ vs. the kvin gh-route — running example: upānah "sandal" → upānat / upānad (also uṣṇih → uṣṇik)

• 440 naho dhaḥ 8.2.34 — the h of nah → dh before a jhal (obstruent) and at pada-end (apavāda to ho ḍhaḥ SK324, which would give ḍha). upānah + su → su-lopa (halṅyādi) → pada-final h → dh → jaśtva (dh→d) → cartva (d→t): upānat / upānad (nom. sg.); before a vowel h stays: upānahau, upānahaḥ; before bhyām (a jhal): h→dh→d → upānadbhyām; before su: h→dh→d→t → upānatsu (loc. pl.).
• — uṣṇih (kvin gh-route): from ut + √ṣṇih (prīti) + kvin (SK373), nipātana giving dalopa + ṣatva → uṣṇih; being kvin-final, h → gh by kutva (kvin-pratyayasya kuḥ SK377) → jaśtva/cartva: uṣṇik / uṣṇig (nom. sg.), uṣṇihau, uṣṇihaḥ, uṣṇigbhyām, uṣṇikṣu.

B. The v-, r-final and the catur / kim specials closing SK 440's walk — running example: div "heaven" → dyauḥ (also gir → gīḥ, pūr → pūḥ, catur → catasraḥ, kim → kā)

• — div (v-final): diva aut (SK336) v → au before su → dyauḥ (nom. sg.), divau, divaḥ; diva ut (SK337) v → u at pada-end, then ṣatva → dyuṣu (loc. pl.).
• — gir, pūr (r-final): r̥vor upadhāyā dīrghaḥ (SK433) lengthens the ik penult at pada-end, then the pada-final r → visarga → gīḥ, girau, giraḥ; likewise pūḥ, [purau, puraḥ] on the pattern of gīḥ.
• — catur "four": the feminine substitute catasṛ → catasraḥ (serving both nom. and acc. pl., hence marked "twice"), catasṛṇām (gen. pl.).
• — kim: kimaḥ kaḥ (SK342) kim → ka before a vibhakti; the feminine ṭāp (ā) → kā (nom. sg.), ke (du.), kāḥ (pl.); thereafter declines like sarva (sarvavat).

C. The feminine idam paradigm — yaḥ sau's d → y and the tyadādy-atva walk — running example: idam → iyam / imau / imāḥ / anayā / ābhyām / asyai / enām

• 441 yaḥ sau 7.2.110 — the d of idam → y before su (nom. sg.). By elimination (pariśeṣa) this is a feminine-only rule: the masc. has ido 'y puṃsi instead, the neut. loses su by luk. idam + su → d→y → iyam-s; then idamo maḥ (SK343, blocking tyadādy-atva) keeps the m; halṅyādi su-lopa → iyam (nom. sg. fem.).
• — the rest of the paradigm runs on tyadādy-atva + pararūpa + ṭāp, with m for d by daś ca (SK345): ime (nom. du.; auṅ→śī, ād-guṇa), imāḥ (nom. pl.; pūrva-savarṇa-dīrgha), imām (acc. sg.; ami pūrvaḥ), ime (acc. du.), imāḥ (acc. pl.; no natva, being feminine), anayā (inst. sg.; anāp yakaḥ ana-substitution for id → āṅi cāpaḥ etva → ayādeśa).
• — before consonant-endings, hali lopaḥ (SK347) elides id: ābhyām (×3), ābhiḥ, asyai (dat.; syāṭ + hrasva), asyāḥ (×2), anayoḥ (×2), āsām, asyām, āsu. In an anvādeśa (dvitīyā-ṭaus-sv enaḥ) idam → ena → enām, ene, enāḥ, enayā, enayoḥ (×2).

D. The j-, d-, c-, p-final feminines closing SK 441's walk — running example: sraj → srak / srag (also tyad → syā, vāc → vāk, ap → āpaḥ)

• — sraj (j-final): √sṛj + kvin (SK373), am-augment supplied by fiat (the ṛ → its yaṇ r) → sraj (fem.); kutva (kvin-pratyayasya kuḥ SK377) j → guttural → jaśtva/cartva → srak / srag, srajau, srajaḥ, sragbhyām, srakṣu.
• — tyad (d-final): tyadādy-atva + ṭāp → tyā, but nom. sg. via tador saḥ sāv anantyayoḥ (SK381) t → s → syā; tye, tyāḥ. Likewise tad (→ sā), yad (→ yā), etad (t→s then ṣatva by ādeśa-pratyayayoḥ → eṣā).
• — vāc (c-final): √vac + kvip + dīrgha (kvip vaci…), no saṃprasāraṇa (vaci-svapi…) → vāc; su-lopa → coḥ kuḥ c → guttural → jaśtva/cartva → vāk / vāg, vācau, vācaḥ, vāgbhyām, vākṣu.
• — ap "water" (p-final): always plural-final and feminine (Liṅgānuśāsana); aptṛn (SK277) lengthening in jas → āpaḥ (nom. pl.); no lengthening in śas (sarvanāmasthāne cāsambuddhau restricting) → apaḥ (acc. pl.).

E. ap and the apo-bhi t-substitution — running example: ap → adbhiḥ (also apām, apsu)

• 442 apo bhi 7.4.48 — for ap(as), the substitute t (carried over from aca upasargāt taḥ A 7.4.47) before bhi, i.e. a bh-initial affix (the "when an affix follows" excludes abbhakṣaḥ). ap: p → t, then jaśtva (t→d) before bh → adbhiḥ (inst. pl.), adbhyaḥ (dat./abl. pl.); with no bh-affix, no t → apām (gen. pl.), apsu (loc. pl.).

F. The ś- and ṣ-final feminines closing SK 442's walk — running example: diś → dik / dig (also dṛś → dṛk, tviṣ → tviṭ, sajūṣ → sajūḥ, āśis → āśīḥ)

• — diś (ś-final): √diś + kvin → su-lopa → vraśca… ś → ṣ → jaśtva (ṣ→ḍ) → kvin-pratyayasya kuḥ (ḍ→g) → cartva (g→k) → dik / dig, diśau, diśaḥ, digbhyām, dikṣu.
• — dṛś (ś-final): √dṛś + kvip (sampad-ādi); because kvin is enjoined for dṛś in tyadādiṣu… (SK429), the kutva applies also elsewhere (anyatrāpi — even without a tyad-ādi upapada): dṛk / dṛg, dṛśau, dṛśaḥ.
• — tviṣ (ṣ-final): √tviṣ (dīptau) + kvip → su-lopa → jaśtva-ṣṭva-cartva (ṣ→ḍ→ṭ) → tviṭ / tviḍ, tviṣau, tviṣaḥ, tviḍbhyām, tviṭtsu.
• — sajūṣ (ṣ-final): saha + √juṣ + kvip; saha → sa (sahasya saḥ / nipātana) → su-lopa → sasajuṣo ruḥ s → ru → r̥vor upadhāyāḥ lengthening → sajūḥ (nom. sg.; because ṣatva is asiddha, rutva applies), sajuṣau, sajuṣaḥ, sajūrbhyām, sajūṣṣu / sajūḥṣu.
• — āśis (ṣ-final): āṅ + √śās (icchāyām) + kvip → i-substitution of the upadhā (aśāsaḥ kvāv…) → s → ṣ (śāsivasi…) → āśiṣ → su-lopa → ṣ → ru → lengthening → āśīḥ, āśiṣau, āśiṣaḥ, āśīrbhyām.

G. The feminine adas paradigm — closing the feminine consonant-stems — running example: adas → asau (also amūm, amuyā, amuṣyai, amūṣām, amūṣu)

• — adas (s-final): adasa au sulopaś ca (SK437) → final au with su-lopa, d → s (via SK381) → asau (nom. sg.). The rest runs on tyadādy-atva + pararūpa + ṭāp, śī for auṅ, and the utva/matva (d → m) of the final: nom. asau, amū, amūḥ; acc. amūm, amū, amūḥ; inst. amuyā, amūbhyām, amūbhiḥ; dat. amuṣyai, amūbhyām, amūbhyaḥ; abl. amuṣyāḥ, amūbhyām, amūbhyaḥ; gen. amuṣyāḥ, amuyoḥ, amūṣām; loc. amuṣyām, amuyoḥ, amūṣu. — End of the feminine consonant-stems (SK 442's Bālamanoramā continues into the neuter prakaraṇa, not covered here).