अजन्तनपुंसकलिङ्गप्रकरणम्

Covers SK 309–323 (15 sūtras): all present.

ajantanapuṃsakaliṅga-prakaraṇa — outline (p10, SK 309–323, all 15 sūtras)

The neuter (napuṃsaka) declension of vowel-ending stems: how the case-endings su, am, auṄ, jas, śas are recast for neuters, the num-augment that separates neuter forms from masculine ones, and the stem-by-stem paradigm from a- through ṛ- and the ec-vowels. Eight outcome-groups. Ordering note: 319 svamor napuṃsakāt (the general luk of su/am) is pulled up from its SK slot into group A beside 309 ato'm, since it is precisely the rule 309 overrides; everything else stays in SK order. The text itself proceeds by stem-final: a-stems close at 317 ("ity adantāḥ"), ā at 318, then i/ī/u/ū/ṛ across 319–322 and the ec-vowels at 323.

A. Neuter nom/acc singular — su and am → luk by default, → am for a-stems — running example: vāri, jñāna → jñānam

• 319 svamor napuṃsakāt 7.1.23 — after a neuter aṅga, su and am undergo luk (whole-affix elision, luk carried from ṣaḍbhyo luk 7.1.22). vāri+su → luk → vāri; acc. likewise (luk drops all of am, a sarvādeśa — not just its a by ādeḥ parasya).
• 309 ato'm 7.1.24 — after an a-ending neuter aṅga, su and am → am (an apavāda that blocks the luk of 319). jñāna+su → am → jñāna+am → ami pūrvaḥ (SK194) pūrvarūpa → jñānam; voc. jñāna+s → am → pūrvarūpa, then eṅ hrasvāt (SK193) drops the residual m (hal-mātra-lopa) → he jñāna.

B. Neuter nom/acc dual — the auṄ ending → śī (ī) → jñāne — running example: jñāna → jñāne

• 310 napuṃsakāc ca 7.1.19 — after a neuter, the dual auṄ → śī (= ī); ī being a vowel-affix and non-sarvanāmasthāna, the stem takes the bha-saṃjñā. jñāna+auṄ → jñāna+ī.
• 311 yasyeti ca 6.4.148 — of a bha-aṅga, a final i-/a-varṇa is elided before ī-kāra or a taddhita — which would delete jñāna's final a; but the vārttika auṅaḥ śyāṃ pratiṣedhaḥ prohibits this before the śī-substitute of auṅ, so instead ād guṇaḥ (6.1.87) gives a+ī → e: jñāne.

C. Neuter nom/acc plural — jas/śas → śi, then num, giving jñānāni — running example: jñāna → jñānāni

• 312 jaśśasoḥ śiḥ 7.1.20 — after a neuter, jas (nom.pl) and śas (acc.pl) → śi (short i). jñāna+jas → jñāna+i.
• 313 śi sarvanāmasthānam 1.1.42 — saṃjñā: śi is a sarvanāmasthāna (a dedicated rule is needed because suṭ anapuṃsakasya 1.1.43 would otherwise deny it that status) — this is what triggers the num and dīrgha below.
• 314 napuṃsakasya jhalacaḥ 7.1.72 — a neuter aṅga ending in a jhal or in an ac takes the augment num before a sarvanāmasthāna (num from idito num 7.1.58, mit → after the last vowel). jñāna (ac-final) + i → jñānan+i, then sarvanāmasthāne ca (6.4.8) lengthens the upadhā → jñānāni. (Acc. = nom.; the oblique cases of jñāna go like rāma; so too dhana, vana, phala.)

D. The five pronominal neuters — su/am → adḍ, exposed by ṭi-lopa — running example: katara → katarat

• 315 adḍ ḍatarādibhyaḥ pañcabhyaḥ 7.1.25 — after the five pronouns ḍatara, ḍatama, anya, anyatara, itara, su/am → adḍ (= ad + ḍ-marker; the ḍ-it makes the substitute a ṭi-triggering ḍit). katara+su → katara+ad.
• 316 ṭeḥ 6.4.143 — before a ḍit affix, the ṭi (last vowel plus whatever follows) of a bha-stem is elided. katara+ad → ṭi (final a) dropped → katarad/katarat (no prathamayoḥ dīrgha, no saṃbuddhi-lopa, since ṭi is gone); voc. he katarat. Vārttika ekatarāt pratiṣedhaḥ blocks the operation → ekataram. With jaras-stems the interplay begins: sg. ajaram (am kept, jaras barred by saṃnipāta-paribhāṣā) vs. du. ajarasī, ajare (jaras by paratva, then num since it now ends in a jhal).

E. Lengthening of the s-final / mahat conjunct, and the irregular paddan-substitutes — running example: ajaras → ajarāṃsi

• 317 sāntamahataḥ saṃyogasya 6.4.10 — the n of a conjunct ending in s (or of mahat) has its upadhā lengthened before a non-vocative sarvanāmasthāna (dīrgha from ḍhralope pūrvasya; env. from sarvanāmasthāne cāsaṃbuddhau). ajaras+śi → jaras+num-n → upadhā a → ā, then naś cāpadāntasya (8.3.24) anusvāra → ajarāṃsi (~ajarāṇi); in acc.sg jaras beats the am of 309 by paratva → ajarasam/ajaram, and the am is not luk'd (saṃnipāta-paribhāṣā). Then, by paddanno… (SK228), hṛdaya/udaka/āsya/māṃsa → hṛd / udan / āsan / māṃs from śas onward: hṛndi, udāni, āsāni, māṃsi. Closes the a-ending neuters ("ity adantāḥ").

F. Long-vowel stems shortened first — hrasvo napuṃsake — running example: śrīpā → śrīpam

• 318 hrasvo napuṃsake prātipadikasya 1.2.47 — in the neuter, a vowel-ending prātipadika is shortened (hrasva). śrīpā → śrīpa, whereupon it declines like jñāna → nom/acc sg śrīpam, dat. śrīpāya (ā restored by supi ca; the āto dhātoḥ a-lopa is blocked by saṃnipāta-paribhāṣā). Closes the ā-ending neuters ("ity ādantāḥ"). This shortening also feeds the long-vowel stems below — sudhī→sudhi, sulū→sulu, and (via 323) pradyo→pradyu.

G. The i / ī / u / ū / ṛ-stem oblique paradigm — num before a vowel-vibhakti, the puṃvat option, and the anaṅ stems — running example: vāri, dadhi

• 320 iko'ci vibhaktau 7.1.73 — an ik-ending neuter takes num before a vowel-initial vibhakti. vāri+ī(śī) → vārin+ī → ṇatva → vāriṇī; vāri+śi → num, dīrgha → vārīṇi; instr. vāriṇā. The vārttika 320.k2 vṛddhyauttvatṛjvadbhāvaguṇebhyo num pūrvavipratiṣedhena makes num prevail over guṇa/vṛddhi/auttva/tṛjvadbhāva (dat. vāriṇe, abl./gen. vāriṇaḥ); but the gen.pl takes the augment nuṭ, not num (so that nāmi 6.4.3 can lengthen the vowel) → vārīṇām. Voc. shows the option he vāre ~ he vāri (guṇa via na lumatāṅgasya 1.1.63 taken as anitya).
• 321 tṛtīyādiṣu bhāṣitapuṃskaṃ puṃvad gālavasya 7.1.74 — from the instrumental (ṭā) onward, before a vowel, a bhāṣitapuṃska neuter (one whose ground-of-application, pravṛtti-nimitta, is the same in the masculine) optionally behaves as masculine (Gālava named → optional; puṃvat means no hrasva, no num). anādi: dat. anādaye (puṃvat → guṇa) ~ anādine (num); but pīlune (the fruit) has no puṃvat, since pīlu-the-fruit and pīlu-the-tree differ in pravṛtti-nimitta.
• 322 asthidadhisakthyakṣṇām anaṅ udāttaḥ 7.1.75 — for asthi, dadhi, sakthi, akṣi, the final → anaṅ (operative "an", ṅit so it replaces the final i; udātta) before a ṭādi vowel — an apavāda to num; then allopo'naḥ (SK234). dadhi → dadhan → instr. dadhnā, loc. dadhni ~ dadhani (allopa optional by vibhāṣā ṅiśyoḥ 6.4.136); extends to tadanta (atidadhnā). This group's running paradigm covers the other ik/ū stems too — ī sudhiyā~sudhinā, u madhunā, ū sulvā~sulunā, ṛ dhātrā~dhātṛṇā — each threading the puṃvat / num / tṛjvadbhāva interplay (e.g. priyakroṣṭrā~priyakroṣṭunā, pl. priyakroṣṭūni).

H. The ec-final stems, closed by the hrasva-substitute paribhāṣā — running example: pradyo → pradyu

• 323 eca ig ghrasvādeśe 1.1.48 — paribhāṣā: when a hrasva substitute is enjoined for an ec (e o ai au), the substitute is the matching ik (i or u), never the a-vowel. So the shortening of 318 turns pradyo → pradyu, prarai → prari, sunau → sunu, each then declining like vāri (num before a vowel: pradyunī, pradyūni; prariṇī, prarīṇi). No puṃvat for pradyu — the u-final neuter is not the same word as the bhāṣitapuṃska o-final pradyo. In prari, rāyo hali gives āttva before a hal-ending (prarābhyām), and the gen.pl is prarīṇām (nuṭ + nāmi dīrgha, overriding Mādhava's prarāṇām). Closes the prakaraṇa ("ity ajantā napuṃsakaliṅgāḥ").