Vyākaraṇa-mahābhāṣya 1.1.8.1

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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা

MBH 1.1.8.1

← 1.1.7.4 1.1.8.2 →

mukha-nāsikā-vacano 'nunāsikaḥ

Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.8

Vṛtti Patañjali

kim idam mukhanāsikāvacanaḥ iti .

What is this 'mukhanāsikāvacana'?

mukham ca nāsikā ca mukhanāsikam .

Mouth and nose (together) — mukhanāsika (a dvandva, neuter).

mukhanāsikam vacanam asya saḥ ayam mukhanāsikāvacanaḥ .

That whose utterance-organ (vacana) is the mukhanāsika, that is this 'mukhanāsikāvacana'.

yadi evam mukhanāsikavacanaḥ iti prāpnoti .

If so, the form 'mukhanāsika-vacana' (with short a) results.

nipātanāt dīrghatvam bhaviṣyati .

The lengthening will come about by nipātana (ad-hoc formation).

atha vā mukhanāsikam āvacanam asya saḥ ayam mukhanāsikāvacanaḥ .

Or else: that whose 'āvacana' is the mukhanāsika, that is this 'mukhanāsikāvacana'.

kim idam āvacanam iti .

What is this 'āvacana'?

īṣadvacanam āvacanam .

'āvacana' is a slight utterance (īṣad-vacana).

kim cit mukhavacanam kim cit nāsikāvacanam .

Partly (kiṃcit) a mouth-utterance, partly a nose-utterance.

mukhadvitīyā vā nāsikā vacanam asya saḥ ayam mukhanāsikāvacanaḥ .

Or: that whose utterance-organ (vacana) is the nose having the mouth as its second (mukha-dvitīyā nāsikā), that is this 'mukhanāsikāvacana'.

mukhopasaṃhitā vā nāsikā vacanam asya saḥ ayam mukhanāsikāvacanaḥ .

Or: that whose utterance-organ (vacana) is the nose accompanied by the mouth (mukha-upasaṃhitā nāsikā), that is this 'mukhanāsikāvacana'.

Translator notes mūla-only construal · not shown in the reading edition

Dialectic construal (whole unit): this is not a pūrvapakṣa/siddhānta exchange but a grammatical inquiry into how to analyse the compound word 'mukhanāsikāvacana' in the sūtra so as to yield its long -ā-. s1 poses the analysis-question; s2–s3 give a first parse (dvandva mukhanāsikam + bahuvrīhi); s4 objects that this parse yields the SHORT form 'mukhanāsika-vacana'; s5 offers to secure the length by nipātana (ad-hoc formation in the sūtra itself); s6–s9 offer an alternative parse where the -ā- belongs to 'āvacana' (= a slight/partial utterance); s10–s11 offer two further alternative parses (vā … vā) in which 'nāsikā' is feminine (so already long), the mouth being its 'second' or its 'accompaniment'. The alternatives are options (vikalpa), not opponent-vs-settled; I do not read one as refuting another.
s4 'mukhanāsikavacanaḥ iti prāpnoti' — literally 'the form ‹mukhanāsika-vacana› (short a) results' — i.e. the desired long -ā- of the sūtra would fail on the s2–s3 parse. Rendered literally.
s8 'īṣadvacanam āvacanam': the prefix ā- (āṄ) is glossed as īṣat, 'a little/slight'; so 'āvacana' = 'slight utterance'. s9 then specifies that this slight utterance is partly (kiṃcit) by mouth, partly by nose — the phonetic fact about anunāsika sounds.
s10 'mukhadvitīyā … nāsikā vacanam asya' and s11 'mukhopasaṃhitā … nāsikā vacanam asya' are bahuvrīhis with feminine 'nāsikā' (hence long -ā-): 'that whose organ of utterance is the nose-having-the-mouth-as-second' / 'the nose-accompanied-by-the-mouth'. Rendered literally; the point is only that these parses supply the long -ā- morphologically rather than by nipātana.

← 1.1.7.4 1.1.8.2 →