Vyākaraṇa-mahābhāṣya paspaśā 4.1

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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা

MBH paspaśā 4.1

← paspaśā 3 paspaśā 4.2 →

Vṛtti Patañjali

imāni ca bhūyaḥ śabdānuśāsanasya prayojanāni .

And these too are further purposes of the instruction concerning words.

और शब्दानुशासन के ये और भी प्रयोजन हैं।

te asurāḥ , duṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ , yat adhītam , yaḥ tu prayuṅkte , avidvāṃsaḥ , vibhaktim kurvanti , yaḥ vai imām , catvāri , uta tvaḥ , saktum iva , sārasvatīm , daśamyām putrasya , sudevaḥ asi varuṇa iti .

te asurāḥ; duṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ; yat adhītam; yaḥ tu prayuṅkte; avidvāṃsaḥ; vibhaktim kurvanti; yaḥ vai imām; catvāri; uta tvaḥ; saktum iva; sārasvatīm; daśamyām putrasya; sudevaḥ asi varuṇa — thus (iti). [These are the catchwords of the sections that follow.]

'ते असुराः', 'दुष्टः शब्दः', 'यत् अधीतम्', 'यः तु प्रयुङ्क्ते', 'अविद्वांसः', 'विभक्तिं कुर्वन्ति', 'यः वै इमाम्', 'चत्वारि', 'उत त्वः', 'सक्तुम् इव', 'सारस्वतीम्', 'दशम्यां पुत्रस्य', 'सुदेवः असि वरुण' — इति।

te asurāḥ .

te asurāḥ (‘those asuras’) —

'ते असुराः' —

te asurāḥ helayaḥ helayaḥ iti kurvantaḥ parā babhūvuḥ .

Those asuras, making [the sound] helayaḥ helayaḥ, were vanquished.

वे असुर 'हेलयः हेलयः' — ऐसा (बोलते) करते हुए पराभूत हो गए।

tasmāt brāhmaṇena na mlecchitavai na apabhāṣitavai .

Therefore a brāhmaṇa must not speak barbarously, must not speak corruptly.

इसलिए ब्राह्मण को न म्लेच्छ-भाषण करना चाहिए, न अपभाषण करना चाहिए।

mlecchaḥ ha vai eṣaḥ yat apaśabdaḥ .

For that which is an incorrect word (apaśabda) is indeed barbarous speech (mleccha).

जो अपशब्द है, वह निश्चय ही म्लेच्छ है।

mlecchāḥ mā bhūma iti adhyeyam vyākaraṇam .

‘May we not be mlecchas’ — thus (iti) vyākaraṇa is to be studied.

'हम म्लेच्छ न हों' — इस हेतु व्याकरण पढ़ना चाहिए।

te asurāḥ

te asurāḥ.

'ते असुराः' —

Translator notes mūla-only construal · not shown in the reading edition

Dialectic construal: s1 announces further purposes. s2 is a table of contents — a string of pratīkas (catchwords), each naming a section that follows in the later blocks of paspaśā 4. It is not a sentence and is left in IAST. s3 repeats the first pratīka to open the section; s4-s7 are the section itself; s8 repeats the pratīka again to close it. This open-with-catchword / close-with-catchword frame recurs in every block of paspaśā 4. Nothing here is pūrvapakṣa.
s2 kept in IAST as a list of catchwords, not translated as sentences — translating them here would pre-empt the sections that expound them (and each is expounded in its own unit).
s4 'helayaḥ helayaḥ': the text quotes the barbarism itself as a specimen of corrupt speech; kept in IAST. Patañjali does not state what correct form it corrupts, and I have not supplied one.
s5 mlecchitavai / apabhāṣitavai are Vedic infinitive-like forms in an injunction; rendered 'one must not speak barbarously / must not speak corruptly'.
s8 has no daṇḍa in the source (unlike every other segment). Almost certainly the closing pratīka, matching s3; noted as a possible source-segmentation artefact.

Dialectic construal: siddhānta throughout, no opponent. s1 announces further prayojanas; s2 is a bare uddeśa-list of pratīkas (catchwords) naming the sections that follow; s3 repeats the first pratīka as a section heading, s4–s7 expound it, s8 repeats it as the closing pratīka (the standard open/close bracket used through all of 4.x).
s2, s3, s8: these are pratīkas, not sentences. I have left them in Devanāgarī untranslated, since translating a catchword would destroy its function as a pointer. Flagged deliberately.
s6: 'mlecchaḥ ha vai eṣaḥ yat apaśabdaḥ' rendered literally with the correlative; 'ha vai' carries emphasis, rendered निश्चय ही.

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