Premabase · Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu · Vibhāga 2 · Laharī 5
Show
SanskritHindiEnglish
Study decode
Phrases
Script
IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 2.5.57-58
← 2.5.562.5.59 →
atha utsāha-ratiḥ—
stheyasī sādhubhiḥ ślāghya-phale yuddhādi-karmaṇi |
satvarā mānasāsaktir utsāha iti kīrtyate ||
kālānavekṣaṇaṁ tatra dhairya-tyāgodyamādayaḥ |
siddhaḥ pūrvokta-vidhinā sa utsāha ratir bhavet ||
The verse — decoded
L1definition
stheyasī sādhubhiḥ ślāghya-phale yuddhādi-karmaṇi |
stheyasīmost firm, steadiest [describing the mental attachment named in L2] superlative feminine, agreeing with āsaktiḥ across the line-breakअत्यन्त स्थिर (आगे की पंक्ति में आ रहे आसक्ति का विशेषण — जो सबसे अधिक टिकी रहती हो)
sādhubhiḥ ślāghya-phaleon an act whose fruit the good praise sādhubhiḥ instrumental of agent inside the bahuvrīhi 'whose fruit is praised', locative agreeing with karmaṇiजिसका फल सज्जनों के द्वारा प्रशंसित हो, ऐसे (कर्म में)
yuddhādi-karmaṇitoward action such as fighting and the like locative of the object the attachment fastens onयुद्ध आदि कर्म में
yuddhādi-karmaṇi — toward action like fighting; sādhubhiḥ ślāghya-phale — whose fruit the good praise; stheyasī — a steadiest [attachment]
stheyasī — अत्यन्त स्थिर; sādhubhiḥ ślāghya-phale — जिसका फल सज्जनों से प्रशंसित हो, ऐसे; yuddhādi-karmaṇi — युद्ध आदि कर्म में।
This is the definition verse for utsāha-rati, enthusiasm. It begins by describing the act one is drawn to: an act like fighting and the rest, whose result the good hold worthy of praise. Toward such an act there is a steady mental attachment.
जिसका फल सज्जनों के द्वारा सराहा जाता है, ऐसे युद्ध आदि कर्म में जो अत्यन्त स्थिर (आसक्ति होती है)।
The lakṣaṇa (definition) of utsāha-rati, 'enthusiasm', the sthāyi-bhāva introduced by the lead-in 'atha utsāha-ratiḥ'; the verse defines it across L1-L2 and its aṅgas in L3.
यह उत्साह-रति का लक्षण है, जो 'अथ उत्साह-रतिः' इस भूमिका से आरम्भ किया गया स्थायी-भाव है; L1-L2 में इसका लक्षण और L3 में इसके अंग बताए गए हैं।
L2definition
satvarā mānasāsaktir utsāha iti kīrtyate ||
satvarāquick, prompt — moving without delayशीघ्रता से युक्त (त्वरा-भरी)
mānasī āsaktiḥa mental clinging, an attachment of the mindमन की आसक्ति
utsāha iti kīrtyateis proclaimed as 'utsāha', enthusiasmउत्साह — इस नाम से कही जाती है
satvarā mānasī āsaktiḥ — a quick mental attachment [that is also stheyasī from L1] — utsāha iti kīrtyate — is proclaimed to be utsāha
satvarā — शीघ्रता से युक्त; mānasī āsaktiḥ — मन की आसक्ति; utsāha iti kīrtyate — उत्साह कहलाती है।
The attachment is not only steady but quick — it springs to act without hanging back. A mental clinging of that kind, firm and prompt at once, is what is called utsāha, enthusiasm.
शीघ्रता से भरी हुई मन की जो आसक्ति है, वह उत्साह कहलाती है।
L3definition
kālānavekṣaṇaṁ tatra dhairya-tyāgodyamādayaḥ |
kāla-anavekṣaṇamnot stopping to weigh the time — acting without checking whether the moment suitsसमय की परवाह न करना (काल की उपेक्षा)
tatrain it, in this enthusiasm [as its accompanying signs]उस उत्साह में
dhairya-tyāga-udyama-ādayaḥletting go of composure, straining effort, and the like dvandva of the aṅgas; ādayaḥ marks the list as openधैर्य, त्याग, उद्यम आदि (इसके अंग हैं — 'आदि' से सूची खुली रहती है)
tatra — in this enthusiasm; kāla-anavekṣaṇam dhairya-tyāga-udyama-ādayaḥ — disregard of timing, loss of composure, exertion, and so on [are its signs]
kāla-anavekṣaṇam — काल की उपेक्षा; tatra — उस उत्साह में; dhairya-tyāga-udyama-ādayaḥ — धैर्य, त्याग, उद्यम आदि।
The verse now lists what shows up alongside enthusiasm. One stops weighing whether the time is right. One's ordinary composure drops away. One throws oneself into effort. These and the like are its accompanying marks.
उस उत्साह में समय की परवाह न करना, तथा धैर्य, त्याग, उद्यम आदि (इसके अंग होते हैं)।
L4definition
siddhaḥ pūrvokta-vidhinā sa utsāha ratir bhavet ||
pūrva-ukta-vidhinā siddhaḥbrought to perfection by the method stated earlier instrumental of means; refers back to the already-given process for ripening a bhāva into ratiपहले कही गई विधि के द्वारा सिद्ध होकर
saḥ utsāhaḥthat enthusiasm [just defined]वह उत्साह
ratiḥ bhavetbecomes rati, a settled loving moodरति हो जाता है
saḥ utsāhaḥ — that enthusiasm; pūrva-ukta-vidhinā siddhaḥ — once perfected by the earlier-stated method; ratiḥ bhavet — becomes rati
pūrva-ukta-vidhinā siddhaḥ — पहले बताई विधि से सिद्ध; saḥ utsāhaḥ — वह उत्साह; ratiḥ bhavet — रति हो जाता है।
That same enthusiasm, once it has been ripened by the method already laid down earlier, turns into rati — a fixed loving disposition. So utsāha is the ordinary emotion; matured, it becomes utsāha-rati.
पहले बताई गई विधि से सिद्ध होकर वह उत्साह रति बन जाता है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
yuddhādi-karmaṇīti ādi-padena yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharmā eva gṛhyante |
yuddhādi-karmaṇi itias for the phrase 'toward action such as fighting' [in the verse] iti flags the verse-word Jīva is about to gloss'युद्धादि-कर्मणि' — यह जो (श्लोक का पद है)
ādi-padenaby the word 'ādi' (and the like) instrumental of means — 'by means of that word''आदि' शब्द के द्वारा
yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharmāḥ evaprecisely the dharmas of fighting, giving, and compassion — these and no random extras eva restricts the open 'ādi' to this specific setयुद्ध, दान और दया रूप धर्म ही ('ही' से यही निश्चित समूह लिया जाता है)
gṛhyanteare what get includedग्रहण किए जाते हैं
yuddhādi-karmaṇi iti — in the phrase 'action like fighting'; ādi-padena — by the word 'and the like'; yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharmāḥ eva — just the duties of fighting, charity, and compassion; gṛhyante — are taken in
yuddhādi-karmaṇi iti — 'युद्धादि-कर्मणि' यह पद; ādi-padena — 'आदि' शब्द से; yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharmāḥ eva — युद्ध, दान, दया रूप धर्म ही; gṛhyante — ग्रहण किए जाते हैं।
Jīva pins down what the vague 'and the like' covers. The 'ādi' in the verse is not left open-ended: it means precisely the three dharmic acts of fighting, giving in charity, and showing compassion. Those are the deeds enthusiasm attaches to.
'युद्धादि-कर्मणि' इस पद के 'आदि' शब्द से युद्ध, दान और दया रूप धर्म ही ग्रहण किए जाते हैं।
s2alternative
svābhīṣṭa-karmaṇīti vā pāṭhaḥ ||
svābhīṣṭa-karmaṇi iti'toward one's own cherished act' — reading the verse-word this way instead iti quotes the variant that would replace yuddhādi-karmaṇi'स्वाभीष्ट-कर्मणि' — यह (पद)
vā pāṭhaḥis an alternative reading found in the text vā = 'or'; Jīva records the variant without settling which is rightअथवा ऐसा पाठ (भी मिलता है)
svābhīṣṭa-karmaṇi iti — 'toward one's own cherished act'; vā pāṭhaḥ — is an alternative reading
svābhīṣṭa-karmaṇi iti — 'स्वाभीष्ट-कर्मणि' यह; vā pāṭhaḥ — अथवा ऐसा पाठ।
Jīva also notes that some copies read not 'yuddhādi-karmaṇi' but 'svābhīṣṭa-karmaṇi' — 'toward one's own cherished act'. He simply records the variant and leaves it standing, without choosing between the two.
अथवा 'स्वाभीष्ट-कर्मणि' — ऐसा भी पाठ है। (जीव गोस्वामी दोनों पाठों को रखते हैं, यह तय नहीं करते कि कौन-सा ठीक है।)
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
sādhubhiḥ ślaghyaṁ phalaṁ yasya tathā-bhūte yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharma-rūpe karmaṇi stheyasī sthiratarā tvarā-yuktā mānasāsaktir utsāhaḥ ||
sādhubhiḥ ślaghyaṁ phalaṁ yasyawhose fruit is praiseworthy in the eyes of the good bahuvrīhi unpacked as a relative clause, describing karmaṇiजिस (कर्म) का फल सज्जनों के द्वारा प्रशंसनीय है
tathā-bhūte yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharma-rūpe karmaṇion an act of just that kind, taking the form of the dharmas of fighting, giving, and compassion locative naming the object; tathā-bhūte ties back to the praiseworthy-fruit clauseऐसे — युद्ध, दान, दया रूप धर्मवाले — कर्म में
stheyasī sthiratarā'steadiest' — that is, very firm Viśvanātha glosses the verse's superlative stheyasī with the comparative sthiratarā, softening it to 'very firm'स्थेयसी अर्थात् अत्यन्त स्थिर (श्लोक के श्रेष्ठतावाचक 'स्थेयसी' को यहाँ तुलनात्मक 'स्थिरतर' से समझाकर 'बहुत स्थिर' कर दिया)
tvarā-yuktājoined with speed — i.e. the verse's 'satvarā'त्वरा (शीघ्रता) से युक्त
mānasī āsaktiḥ utsāhaḥa mental attachment [of this sort] is utsāhaमन की आसक्ति ही उत्साह है
sādhubhiḥ ślaghyaṁ phalaṁ yasya tathā-bhūte yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharma-rūpe karmaṇi — on an act whose fruit the good praise, taking the form of fighting, giving, and compassion; stheyasī sthiratarā tvarā-yuktā mānasī āsaktiḥ — a very firm, speed-joined mental attachment; utsāhaḥ — is utsāha
sādhubhiḥ ślaghyaṁ phalaṁ yasya — जिसका फल सज्जनों से प्रशंसनीय है; tathā-bhūte yuddha-dāna-dayā-dharma-rūpe karmaṇi — ऐसे युद्ध-दान-दया रूप धर्मवाले कर्म में; stheyasī sthiratarā — स्थेयसी, अर्थात् अत्यन्त स्थिर; tvarā-yuktā — शीघ्रता से युक्त; mānasī āsaktiḥ utsāhaḥ — मन की आसक्ति ही उत्साह।
Viśvanātha restates the definition in plain apposition. The act is one whose result the good would praise, and it takes the shape of the three dharmas — fighting, charity, compassion. Toward it there is a mental attachment that is very firm and, at the same time, quick to move. That, he says, is utsāha. He reads the verse's 'stheyasī' as 'sthiratarā', very firm, and its 'satvarā' as 'tvarā-yuktā', joined with speed.
जिसका फल सज्जनों के द्वारा प्रशंसनीय हो, ऐसे युद्ध, दान और दया रूप धर्मवाले कर्म में जो अत्यन्त स्थिर एवं शीघ्रता से युक्त मन की आसक्ति है, वही उत्साह है।
← 2.5.562.5.59 →