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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
Jīva + ViśvanāthaMukunda-dāsa
BRS 1.3.56
ata eva kvacit teṣu navya-bhakteṣu dṛśyate |
kṣaṇam īśvara-bhāvo’yaṁ nṛtyādau mukti-pakṣagaḥ ||
The verse — decoded
L1conclusion
ata eva kvacit teṣu navya-bhakteṣu dṛśyate |
ata evafor exactly this reason ablative + eva, drawing the inferenceइसी कारण से / इसीलिए
kvacitin some cases, now and then adverb, 'sometimes'कभी-कभी
teṣu navya-bhakteṣuin those new devotees locative of place-whereउन नव-भक्तों में
dṛśyateit is seen, one can observe it passive presentयह दिखाई देता है
ata eva — for exactly this reason; kvacit — now and then; teṣu navya-bhakteṣu — in those new devotees; dṛśyate — it is seen [the thing named in the next line].
ata eva — इसीलिए; kvacit — कभी-कभी; teṣu navya-bhakteṣu — उन नव-भक्तों में; dṛśyate — दिखाई देता है।
So this is exactly why you sometimes see it in those new devotees. "It" is spelled out in the next line. The point of "for exactly this reason" is that we just explained how, in someone fixed on liberation, the feeling toward the Lord can slide into thinking oneself the Lord. Because of that same tendency, the following thing shows up in beginners.
इसीलिए कभी-कभी उन नव-भक्तों में यह दिखाई देता है।
navya-bhakta: literally a 'fresh' or newly-begun devotee; here a beginner whose devotion is not yet purified, so the semblance discussed before can still surface in him.
नव-भक्त अर्थात् नया, अभी-अभी भक्ति में प्रवृत्त हुआ साधक; ऐसे आरम्भिक भक्त की भक्ति अभी शुद्ध नहीं हुई, इसलिए पहले जिस भावाभास की चर्चा हुई वह उसमें प्रकट हो सकता है।
L2definition
kṣaṇam īśvara-bhāvo’yaṁ nṛtyādau mukti-pakṣagaḥ ||
kṣaṇamfor a moment, just briefly accusative of durationक्षण भर के लिए
īśvara-bhāvaḥa mood as if he himself were the Lord nominative; subject of dṛśyate aboveईश्वर होने का यह भाव
ayamthis very one, the one just referred to nominative, pointing backयह (भाव)
nṛtyādauwhile dancing and the like locative, 'in the course of'नृत्य आदि के समय
mukti-pakṣagaḥand it belongs to the liberation side, it leans toward liberation, not pure devotion nominative bahuvrīhi qualifying īśvara-bhāvaḥमुक्ति के पक्ष की ओर जाने वाला
ayam īśvara-bhāvaḥ — this mood of being the Lord; kṣaṇam — for a moment; nṛtyādau — during dancing and so on; mukti-pakṣagaḥ — [and it] belongs to the liberation side; [dṛśyate — is seen].
kṣaṇam — क्षण भर के लिए; īśvara-bhāvaḥ — ईश्वर होने का भाव; ayam — यह; nṛtyādau — नृत्य आदि के समय; mukti-pakṣagaḥ — मुक्ति-पक्ष की ओर जाने वाला।
What is seen is this: a mood of "I am the Lord himself," flashing up for a moment. It shows up during ecstatic dancing and the like. And note where it belongs: this mood is on the liberation side, not on the side of pure devotion. So even though it looks like ecstasy, it is really leaning toward mukti (liberation), which marks it as a semblance and not the real thing.
नृत्य आदि के समय क्षण भर के लिए यह ईश्वर होने का भाव प्रकट होता है, जो मुक्ति-पक्ष की ओर जाता है।
īśvara-bhāva: not devotion toward the Lord but a bearing 'as if oneself were the Lord' — the beginner momentarily carries himself as the Lord. mukti-pakṣaga: 'going to the party/side of mukti'; the classing detail that shows this flash tracks toward liberation rather than toward loving service, so it is a semblance of bhāva. The commentary further limits which mukti is meant (sārūpya, sārṣṭi, sāmīpya — the form-and-nearness kinds), not merging.
'ईश्वर-भाव' का अर्थ ईश्वर के प्रति भक्ति नहीं, अपितु मानो स्वयं ईश्वर हों — ऐसा आत्म-भाव; आरम्भिक भक्त क्षण भर के लिए स्वयं को ईश्वर के रूप में धारण कर लेता है। 'मुक्ति-पक्षग' अर्थात् मुक्ति के पक्ष की ओर जाने वाला — यही वह लक्षण है जो दिखाता है कि यह झलक प्रेममयी सेवा की ओर नहीं, मुक्ति की ओर झुकती है, अतः यह भावाभास है। टीका आगे यह भी सीमित करती है कि यहाँ कौन-सी मुक्ति अभिप्रेत है — सारूप्य, सार्ष्टि, सामीप्य (रूप और सामीप्य वाली), न कि सायुज्य (लीन होना)।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī + Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
kṣaṇam ity upalakṣaṇaṁ kvacic ciram abhivyāpya |
kṣaṇam itithe word 'kṣaṇam' — 'for a moment' — in the verse iti marks the lemma being taken up for comment'क्षणम्' यह पद (लेकर)
upalakṣaṇamis only a pointer, not a strict limit — it flags the case without fixing the exact duration predicate nom.; upalakṣaṇa = an indicating mark, opp. of a defining qualifier (viśeṣaṇa)उपलक्षण है (परिभाषक विशेषण नहीं)
kvacitfor in some cases adv., 'sometimes / here and there'कहीं-कहीं
ciramit lasts a long time acc. of duration, 'for long'चिरकाल तक
abhivyāpyaspreading right across that stretch gerund of abhi-vi-āp, 'having pervaded / extended over'; completes ciramव्याप्त होकर (रहता है)
kṣaṇam iti — the word 'for a moment'; upalakṣaṇam — is a mere pointer, not a strict limit; kvacit — for in some cases; ciram abhivyāpya — [the state lasts] spreading over a long time.
kṣaṇam iti — 'क्षणम्' ऐसा पद; upalakṣaṇam — उपलक्षण है; kvacit — कहीं-कहीं; ciram — चिरकाल तक; abhivyāpya — व्याप्त होकर।
Here the commentators take up the word 'kṣaṇam,' 'for a moment,' from the verse. They say it is only an upalakṣaṇa — a pointer, not a strict measure. So 'for a moment' does not fix the state at exactly one moment. It just flags that the state comes and goes. In fact, in some cases it lasts a long time, spreading right across that stretch. The word names the short, flickering case but does not rule out a longer one.
'क्षणम्' पद उपलक्षण है। कहीं-कहीं यह भाव चिरकाल तक भी व्याप्त होकर बना रहता है।
upalakṣaṇa vs viśeṣaṇa: a viśeṣaṇa is a defining qualifier that is part of what the thing is — 'a blue lotus,' where the blue really belongs to it and holds strictly. An upalakṣaṇa is only an identifying pointer that need not hold in every case — 'the house with the crow on it,' where the crow just helps you spot the house and may fly off. Here 'kṣaṇam' works the second way: it points to the state without strictly limiting it to a moment, so the same state may instead last a long time.
उपलक्षण और विशेषण का भेद: विशेषण वह गुण है जो वस्तु के स्वरूप का ही अंग होता है — जैसे 'नीला कमल', जहाँ नीलापन सचमुच कमल का है और सदा लागू रहता है। उपलक्षण केवल पहचान का संकेत है, जो हर स्थिति में लागू हो यह आवश्यक नहीं — जैसे 'जिस घर पर कौआ बैठा है वह घर', जहाँ कौआ केवल घर पहचानने में सहायक है और उड़ भी सकता है। यहाँ 'क्षणम्' दूसरे प्रकार का है: यह उस अवस्था की ओर संकेत करता है, पर उसे क्षण भर तक सीमित नहीं करता, अतः वही अवस्था चिरकाल तक भी रह सकती है।
s2gloss
muktis tv atra sārūpya-sārṣṭi-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇā jñeyā ||
muktiḥthe word 'mukti' — 'liberation' — in the verse nom. sg., the lemma being explained (from mukti-pakṣagaḥ in L2)मुक्ति
tubut on this word a distinction is needed specifying particle, marking off which mukti is meantपरन्तु
atrahere, in this verse adv., restricting the sense to this contextयहाँ (इस प्रसंग में)
sārūpya-sārṣṭi-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇāmeans the kind marked by sārūpya, sārṣṭi, and sāmīpya — having the Lord's own form, sharing his powers, and staying near him bahuvrīhi qualifying muktiḥ; -lakṣaṇā = 'characterized by', naming three of the five liberationsसारूप्य, सार्ष्टि और सामीप्य लक्षण वाली
jñeyāis to be understood gerundive agreeing with muktiḥजाननी चाहिए
muktiḥ tu — but the word 'liberation'; atra — here; sārūpya-sārṣṭi-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇā — [means the kind] marked by sārūpya, sārṣṭi, and sāmīpya; jñeyā — is to be understood.
muktiḥ — मुक्ति; tu — परन्तु; atra — यहाँ; sārūpya-sārṣṭi-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇā — सारूप्य, सार्ष्टि और सामीप्य लक्षण वाली; jñeyā — जाननी चाहिए।
Now they gloss the word 'mukti,' liberation, from the verse. The particle 'tu' signals a needed distinction: not just any liberation is meant here. Here 'mukti' is to be understood as the kind marked by three forms — sārūpya, getting the Lord's own form; sārṣṭi, sharing his powers; and sāmīpya, staying close to him. These are three of the five kinds of liberation. So the devotees 'of the liberation-camp' are headed for these three, where the self and the Lord stay distinct — not for the merging kind.
परन्तु यहाँ मुक्ति सारूप्य, सार्ष्टि और सामीप्य रूप वाली जाननी चाहिए।
Liberation is classed in five kinds: sālokya (living in the Lord's realm), sārṣṭi (sharing his opulence and powers), sāmīpya (nearness to him), sārūpya (having a form like his), and sāyujya (merging into him). The commentators pick out just sārūpya, sārṣṭi, and sāmīpya as the sense of 'mukti' here — the forms in which the devotee keeps a distinct self able to serve — and thereby leave out sāyujya, the merging in which individuality is lost.
मुक्ति पाँच प्रकार की मानी गई है: सालोक्य (भगवान् के धाम में निवास), सार्ष्टि (उनके ऐश्वर्य और शक्ति में सहभागिता), सामीप्य (उनकी निकटता), सारूप्य (उन्हीं के समान रूप पाना), और सायुज्य (उनमें लीन हो जाना)। टीकाकार यहाँ 'मुक्ति' का अर्थ केवल सारूप्य, सार्ष्टि और सामीप्य लेते हैं — वे रूप जिनमें भक्त का पृथक् स्वरूप बना रहता है और वह सेवा कर सकता है — और सायुज्य को छोड़ देते हैं, जिसमें व्यक्तित्व लुप्त हो जाता है।