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IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 1.3.39
(8) tad-guṇākhyāne āsāktiḥ, yathā kṛṣṇa-karṇāmṛte (88)—
mādhuryād api madhuraṁ
manmathatā tasya kim api kaiśoram |
capalyād api capalaṁ
ceto bata harati hanta kiṁ kurmaḥ ||quoted · kṛṣṇa-karṇāmṛte
The verse — decoded
L1other
mādhuryād api madhuraṁ
mādhuryāteven more than sweetness itself abl. of comparisonमाधुर्य (मधुरता) से भी बढ़कर
apieven, going past the very standard emphaticभी (यहाँ तक कि)
madhuramis sweet — sweeter stillमधुर
mādhuryāt api — even more than sweetness itself; madhuram — [it is] sweet
mādhuryāt — माधुर्य से भी; api — भी; madhuram — मधुर।
It is sweeter even than sweetness. Sweetness itself is the measuring-stick, and this goes past it. So: sweeter than sweet.
जो माधुर्य (मधुरता) से भी अधिक मधुर है।
mādhurya: home sense in poetics is one of the guṇas of style (smooth, pleasing diction); here it just means sweetness/charm itself, held up as the yardstick that Kṛṣṇa's charm then exceeds.
काव्यशास्त्र में 'माधुर्य' रचना के गुणों में से एक है — कोमल, प्रसन्न पदावली। परन्तु यहाँ इसका अर्थ केवल मधुरता या मनोहरता ही है, जिसे मानदण्ड बनाकर कहा गया है कि कृष्ण का माधुर्य उससे भी आगे निकल जाता है।
L2other
manmathatā tasya kim api kaiśoram |
manmathatā tasyahis own Cupid-ness — the very being-Cupid of him (read as 'manmathatā tasya') read one way: nom. quality + gen. 'his'उसकी मन्मथता (कामदेव जैसा भाव)
[manmatha-tātasya]or split the other way: 'of the father of Cupid' — of him who fathers even Cupid the commentators' preferred split; gen.अथवा पद तोड़कर — मन्मथ (कामदेव) के पिता का
kim apia certain something — indescribable, you can't quite name it indefiniteकोई अनिर्वचनीय (कुछ अकथनीय)
kaiśoramis his fresh youth, his boyhood-into-youthकैशोर (किशोरावस्था)
tasya kaiśoram — his youth; kim api — is a certain indescribable something; manmathatā — [it is] very Cupid-ness itself (or, splitting manmatha-tātasya: [the youth] of the father of Cupid)
manmathatā tasya — उसकी मन्मथता, अथवा [manmatha-tātasya] — मन्मथ के पिता का; kim api — कोई अनिर्वचनीय; kaiśoram — कैशोर।
His fresh youth is a certain something you cannot put into words. Read one way, that youth is Cupid-ness itself — desire in person. But the phrase can also be split as 'manmatha-tāta,' the father of Cupid: the one who produces even Cupid. The commentators will pick up both splits.
उसका कैशोर कोई अनिर्वचनीय मन्मथता (कामदेव-भाव) है — अथवा पद-भेद करके 'मन्मथ के पिता (कृष्ण) का' — वह कैशोर कुछ अकथनीय है।
manmatha: a name of Kāma / Cupid, 'the churner of the mind.' The whole line hangs on a split: 'manmathatā tasya' (his Cupid-ness) vs 'manmatha-tātasya' (of Cupid's father) — same syllables, two readings, and the commentary works out each.
मन्मथ कामदेव का नाम है — 'मन को मथ डालने वाला'। सारी पंक्ति एक पद-भेद पर टिकी है — 'manmathatā tasya' (उसकी मन्मथता) बनाम 'manmatha-tātasya' (मन्मथ के पिता का) — वही अक्षर, दो पाठ; टीका दोनों को खोलती है।
L3other
capalyād api capalaṁ
cāpalyāteven more than restlessness itself abl. of comparisonचपलता (चंचलता) से भी बढ़कर
apieven, going past the very standard emphaticभी (यहाँ तक कि)
capalamis restless — more restless still, more flickeringचपल (चंचल)
cāpalyāt api — even more than restlessness itself; capalam — [it is] restless
cāpalyāt — चपलता से भी; api — भी; capalam — चपल।
It is more restless even than restlessness. Take fickleness, flickering, never-holding-still as the measure — this goes past even that. So: more darting than darting itself. This line runs exactly parallel to line 1: there sweeter-than-sweet, here restless-beyond-restless.
जो चपलता (चंचलता) से भी अधिक चपल है।
L4conclusion
ceto bata harati hanta kiṁ kurmaḥ ||
cetaḥthe mind, my mind — the thing being carried off(मेरे) चित्त को
bataah! — a cry of wonder and helplessnessअहो! (विस्मय-खेद का उद्गार)
haratiit steals, it carries away — right now, keeps carrying it off 3rd sg. pres.हर लेता है (चुरा लेता है)
hantaalas! — a second cry, doubling the firstहाय! (उद्गार)
kiṁ kurmaḥwhat are we to do? — we are helpless 1st pl., deliberativeहम क्या करें?
cetaḥ — the mind; harati — it steals away; bata … hanta — ah! … alas!; kiṁ kurmaḥ — what shall we do?
cetaḥ — चित्त को; bata — अहो!; harati — हर लेता है; hanta — हाय!; kiṁ kurmaḥ — हम क्या करें।
It steals the mind away — ah! And again: alas! What are we to do? The two cries, bata and hanta, are not filler; they are the speaker breaking down at the sight. This youth — sweeter than sweet, more restless than restless — simply carries the mind off, and the poet throws up his hands: there is nothing we can do.
अहो! यह (कैशोर) चित्त को हर ले जाता है — हाय, हम क्या करें!
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
mādhuryād api madhuram atiśayena madhuram ity arthaḥ |
mādhuryāt apieven beyond sweetness itself — sweeter than sweetness ablative of comparison; api = 'even'माधुर्य से भी
madhuram[means] sweet — the verse-word Jīva is unpackingमधुर
atiśayena madhuramsweet to a surpassing degree, sweet in the extreme atiśayena, instrumental = 'by way of excess'अतिशय रूप से मधुर (अत्यधिक मधुर)
iti arthaḥthat is what it meansऐसा अर्थ है
mādhuryāt api madhuram — sweeter even than sweetness; atiśayena madhuram — [i.e.] surpassingly sweet; iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
mādhuryāt api — माधुर्य से भी; madhuram — मधुर; atiśayena madhuram — अतिशय रूप से मधुर; iti arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Jīva takes the verse phrase "sweeter even than sweetness." He says plainly what it means: surpassingly sweet, sweet to the extreme. Not just sweet, but sweet beyond all measure.
'माधुर्य से भी मधुर' का अर्थ है — अतिशयता से, अत्यधिक मधुर।
s2gloss
manmatha-tātasya manmathotpādakasyety arthaḥ |
manmatha-tātasyaof the father of Cupid — reading the verse's 'manmathatā tasya' instead as the single word 'manmatha-tātasya' genitive; a re-splitting (pada-cheda) of the same syllablesमन्मथ के पिता का
manmatha-utpādakasyathat is, of the one who begets Cupid — 'father' unpacked as 'the producer of Cupid' genitive, describing Kṛṣṇaमन्मथ (कामदेव) को उत्पन्न करने वाले का (अर्थात् कृष्ण का)
iti arthaḥthat is what it meansऐसा अर्थ है
manmatha-tātasya — of the father of Cupid; manmatha-utpādakasya — i.e. of him who produces Cupid; iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
manmatha-tātasya — मन्मथ के पिता का; manmatha-utpādakasya — मन्मथ को उत्पन्न करने वाले का; iti arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Here Jīva reads the verse by re-splitting its syllables. The verse says "manmathatā tasya" — "his Cupid-ness." Jīva reads the same sounds as one word, "manmatha-tātasya" — "of the father of Cupid." And he explains "father" as "the one who begets Cupid." So Kṛṣṇa's youthful beauty is not merely like Cupid's; it is what produces Cupid in the first place. This is the first of two readings.
'मन्मथ के पिता का' — अर्थात् मन्मथ (कामदेव) को उत्पन्न करने वाले, कृष्ण का — ऐसा अर्थ है।
manmatha: a name of Kāmadeva, the god of love (Cupid). tāta: 'father' — glossed here by utpādaka, 'begetter, producer.'
मन्मथ कामदेव का ही नाम है। 'तात' का अर्थ 'पिता' है, जिसे यहाँ 'उत्पादक' — जन्म देने वाला, उत्पन्न करने वाला — कहकर समझाया गया है।
s3alternative
yad vā—tasya kaiśoram eva manmathatā manmathasya dharma ity arthaḥ ||
yad vāor else — Jīva now offers a second reading, which he leaves standing beside the firstअथवा
tasya kaiśoram evahis fresh youth itself — taking kaiśora (early adolescence) as the subject eva = 'precisely, itself'उसका कैशोर ही (निश्चय ही)
manmathatāis manmathatā — 'Cupid-ness', the state of being Cupid; now the verse-word is kept as it stands, not re-splitमन्मथता (कामदेव-भाव)
manmathasya dharmaḥthat is, the very defining quality of Cupid — what makes Cupid Cupid genitive; dharma = the property belonging to a thingमन्मथ का धर्म (स्वभावगत गुण)
iti arthaḥthat is what it meansऐसा अर्थ है
yad vā — or else; tasya kaiśoram eva manmathatā — his fresh youth itself is Cupid-ness; manmathasya dharmaḥ — [i.e.] the defining quality of Cupid; iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
yad vā — अथवा; tasya kaiśoram eva — उसका कैशोर ही; manmathatā — मन्मथता; manmathasya dharmaḥ — मन्मथ का धर्म; iti arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Now the suspended second reading, and Jīva does not choose between the two. On this reading he keeps the verse-word "manmathatā" as it stands — "Cupid-ness" — instead of re-splitting it. His point: Kṛṣṇa's fresh youth itself is manmathatā, the very nature of Cupid — the quality that makes Cupid who he is. So two readings stand side by side: (1) Kṛṣṇa is the father of Cupid, the one who produces him; (2) Kṛṣṇa's own kaiśora is the defining quality of Cupid itself. Both are left open.
अथवा — उसका कैशोर ही मन्मथता है, अर्थात् मन्मथ (कामदेव) का धर्म (स्वभावगत गुण) है — ऐसा अर्थ है।
dharma: in ordinary use 'duty, law, religion'; in this logical use it means a defining property or characteristic quality that inheres in a thing — as heat is the dharma of fire. Here: the essential quality of Cupid.
'धर्म' का सामान्य अर्थ कर्तव्य, विधि या धर्म-पथ है; परन्तु इस तार्किक प्रयोग में इसका अर्थ है — किसी वस्तु में निहित लक्षणभूत, स्वभावगत गुण, जैसे उष्णता अग्नि का धर्म है। यहाँ यह मन्मथ (कामदेव) का सारभूत गुण है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
manmatha-tātasya manmathotpādakasya tasya kaiśoraṁ mādhuryād api madhuraṁ atiśaya-madhuram ity arthaḥ |
manmatha-tātasyaof the father of Cupid — that is, of Kṛṣṇa, whose son is Cupid (Pradyumna) genitive; Viśvanātha reads the verse's manmathatā as the compound manmatha-tātaमन्मथ के पिता का
manmathotpādakasyameaning the one who begets Cupid — spelling out "father" as "the begetter of Cupid" genitive, apposition to manmatha-tātasyaमन्मथ को उत्पन्न करने वाले का
tasyaof that one — of Kṛṣṇa genitiveउस (कृष्ण) का
kaiśoraṁhis youth, his adolescence — and this is the subject of the line nominative, the viśeṣya being describedकैशोर (जिसका वर्णन हो रहा है — विशेष्य)
mādhuryād api madhuraṁis sweeter even than sweetness itself ablative of comparison; api = evenमाधुर्य से भी मधुर
atiśaya-madhuramthat is, exceedingly sweet — sweet beyond measure gloss of mādhuryād api madhuramअतिशय मधुर (अत्यधिक मधुर)
ity arthaḥthis is the meaningऐसा अर्थ है
manmatha-tātasya — of the father of Cupid; manmathotpādakasya — that is, of the begetter of Cupid; tasya — of that Kṛṣṇa; kaiśoraṁ — his adolescence; mādhuryād api madhuraṁ — is sweeter even than sweetness; atiśaya-madhuram — exceedingly sweet; ity arthaḥ — this is the meaning.
manmatha-tātasya — मन्मथ के पिता; manmathotpādakasya — मन्मथ को उत्पन्न करने वाले; tasya — उस कृष्ण का; kaiśoraṁ — कैशोर; mādhuryād api madhuraṁ — माधुर्य से भी मधुर; atiśaya-madhuram — अतिशय मधुर; ity arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Viśvanātha first parses the verse's word manmathatā as manmatha-tāta, "the father of Cupid." He glosses this as manmatha-utpādaka, "the one who begets Cupid" — Kṛṣṇa, since Cupid (Pradyumna) is his son. On this reading the subject of the line is Kṛṣṇa's kaiśora, his adolescence. And that adolescence is sweeter even than sweetness — exceedingly sweet, sweet beyond measure. That is the meaning.
मन्मथ के पिता, अर्थात् मन्मथ को उत्पन्न करने वाले, उस कृष्ण का कैशोर माधुर्य से भी मधुर — अर्थात् अतिशय मधुर है, ऐसा अर्थ है।
manmatha-tāta: manmatha = Cupid, Kāmadeva; tāta = father. Kṛṣṇa is called Cupid's father because Pradyumna, an expansion of Kṛṣṇa, is Cupid reborn. Viśvanātha treats the verse's manmathatā not as an abstract noun but as this compound.
मन्मथ-तात — मन्मथ अर्थात् कामदेव, और तात अर्थात् पिता। कृष्ण को कामदेव का पिता इसलिए कहा जाता है कि प्रद्युम्न, जो कृष्ण के ही विस्तार हैं, पुनः जन्मे हुए कामदेव हैं। विश्वनाथ श्लोक की 'manmathatā' को भाववाचक संज्ञा न मानकर इसी समास (मन्मथ-तात) के रूप में लेते हैं।
s2alternative
yad vā, kim apy anirvacanīyā manmathatā manmathasya dharma ity arthaḥ |
yad vāor else — a second way to read the same word, left standing beside the first introduces a suspended alternative, not a correctionअथवा (यह सुधार नहीं, दूसरा पाठ है)
kim apia certain something — an indescribable something kim api here = ineffable, beyond wordsकोई अनिर्वचनीय (शब्दों से परे)
anirvacanīyāthat cannot be put into words — indefinable nominative feminine, agreeing with manmathatāअनिर्वचनीय (जो कही न जा सके)
manmathatāis his Cupid-hood — his very being-Cupid nominative; now read straight as manmatha-tā, the abstract, not as manmatha-tātaमन्मथता — अब सीधे मन्मथ-ता (भाववाचक) के रूप में, मन्मथ-तात के रूप में नहीं
manmathasya dharmameaning the defining property of Cupid — what makes Cupid Cupid gloss of manmathatā; dharma = characteristic qualityमन्मथ का धर्म (लक्षणभूत गुण)
ity arthaḥthis is the meaningऐसा अर्थ है
yad vā — or else; kim api anirvacanīyā — an indescribable something; manmathatā — is his Cupid-hood; manmathasya dharma — that is, the defining property of Cupid; ity arthaḥ — this is the meaning.
yad vā — अथवा; kim api — कोई अनिर्वचनीय; anirvacanīyā — अकथनीय; manmathatā — मन्मथता; manmathasya dharma — मन्मथ का धर्म; ity arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Now Viśvanātha offers a second reading of the same word, and leaves it standing beside the first — he does not choose between them. On this reading, don't split the word into "father of Cupid." Read it straight: manmatha-tā, Cupid-hood. Kṛṣṇa's adolescence is an indescribable Cupid-hood — a something that cannot be put into words. He glosses manmathatā as manmathasya dharma, the defining property of Cupid: the very quality that makes Cupid Cupid. That is the meaning. The two readings are: (1) Kṛṣṇa is the father of Cupid; (2) Kṛṣṇa's youth is Cupid-hood itself, indescribable. Both are left open.
अथवा — वह कोई अनिर्वचनीय मन्मथता है, अर्थात् मन्मथ का धर्म (लक्षणभूत गुण) है — ऐसा अर्थ है।
manmatha-tā vs manmatha-tāta: the same string of syllables splits two ways. Read as manmatha-tā it is an abstract noun, "Cupid-ness" (the -tā suffix, like English -hood); read as manmatha-tāta it is "Cupid's father." s1 took the second; this yad-vā takes the first. Neither is discarded.
मन्मथ-ता बनाम मन्मथ-तात — वही अक्षर-समूह दो प्रकार से टूटता है। मन्मथ-ता के रूप में यह भाववाचक संज्ञा है, 'कामदेवपना' ('-ता' प्रत्यय, जैसे 'पन'); मन्मथ-तात के रूप में यह 'कामदेव का पिता' है। पहले वाक्य (s1) ने दूसरा पाठ लिया; यह 'यद् वा' पहला लेता है — किसी को छोड़ा नहीं जाता।
s3gloss
mama ceto harati ||
mamamy — the speaker's own genitive; supplies the possessor the verse leaves unstatedमेरा (जिसे श्लोक ने अनकहा छोड़ा था, वह स्वामी)
cetomind, heart accusative object (cetas)चित्त (मन) को
haraticarries off, steals 3rd sg. presentहर लेता है
mama — my; ceto — mind; harati — steals.
mama — मेरा; ceto — चित्त को; harati — हर लेता है।
Finishing the verse, Viśvanātha glosses its "ceto... harati." He adds the possessor the verse only implies: it steals my mind. Kṛṣṇa's adolescence carries off the speaker's own heart.
(वह कैशोर) मेरे चित्त (मन) को हर ले जाता है।
cetas: the thinking, feeling mind or heart. Here it is simply the speaker's heart, which Kṛṣṇa's youthful beauty carries away.
'चेतस्' का अर्थ है विचार-अनुभव करने वाला मन या हृदय। यहाँ यह वक्ता का अपना हृदय है, जिसे कृष्ण की किशोर-सुषमा हर ले जाती है।