L1definition
karma svābhāvikaṁ bhadraṁ japa-dhyānārcanādi ca |
karmaaction, workकर्म
svābhāvikamthe kind that comes naturally — i.e. duty arising from one's own varṇa and āśrama adj. qualifying karmaजो स्वभाव से (अपने-आप) प्राप्त हो, ऐसा
bhadramand it is good, wholesome (not the blameworthy kind)कल्याणकारी, शुभ
japa-dhyāna-arcana-ādiand also chanting, meditation, worship, and the like the second kind of actionजप, ध्यान, अर्चन आदि — यह दूसरे प्रकार का कर्म
caand — joining these two kinds togetherऔर
svābhāvikam karma — one's naturally-arising duty; bhadram — which is wholesome; japa-dhyāna-arcana-ādi ca — and also japa, meditation, worship, and so on
karma — कर्म; svābhāvikam — स्वभाव से प्राप्त; bhadram — कल्याणकारी; japa-dhyāna-arcana-ādi — जप, ध्यान, अर्चन आदि; ca — और
There are two kinds of action here. One is svābhāvika — the work that comes to you naturally from your varṇa and āśrama, and this is the good, wholesome kind. The other is japa, meditation, worship, and the like.
एक कर्म वह है जो स्वभाव से (वर्ण-आश्रम के अनुसार अपने-आप) प्राप्त होता है और कल्याणकारी है। और दूसरा कर्म जप, ध्यान, अर्चन आदि है।
L2definition
itīdaṁ dvividhaṁ kṛṣṇe vaiṣṇavair dāsyam arpitam ||
itiso, in this way — summing up the two just namedइस प्रकार
idamthisयह
dvividhamof two kindsदो प्रकार का
kṛṣṇeto Kṛṣṇa loc. — the one it is offered toकृष्ण को
vaiṣṇavaiḥby the Vaiṣṇavas — those who do the offering instr. of agentवैष्णवों के द्वारा
dāsyamis called dāsya, loving serviceदास्य (सेवा-रूप में)
arpitamwhen it is offered up past part.अर्पित किया गया
iti idam dvividham — so this two-fold work; vaiṣṇavaiḥ — by the Vaiṣṇavas; kṛṣṇe arpitam — offered to Kṛṣṇa; dāsyam — is dāsya
iti — इस प्रकार; idam — यह; dvividham — दो प्रकार का; kṛṣṇe — कृष्ण को; vaiṣṇavaiḥ — वैष्णवों के द्वारा; dāsyam — दास्य के रूप में; arpitam — अर्पित किया गया
So when the Vaiṣṇavas take this two-fold work and offer it up to Kṛṣṇa, that is what we call dāsya — service to the Lord.
इस प्रकार यह दो प्रकार का (कर्म) वैष्णवों के द्वारा कृष्ण को दास्य के रूप में अर्पित किया गया है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
tatraiva vidheyaṁ dāsyam api dvividhyenāha—karma svābhāvikam iti |
tatrathere, in that context (the treatment of dāsya)उसी (प्रसंग) में
evaprecisely — right there in that same placeही
vidheyamthe service that is to be enjoined, prescribed gerundiveजो विधेय है (करने योग्य)
dāsyamnamely dāsya, serviceदास्य
apitoo — this kind as wellभी
dvividhyenaunder two headings, in its two-fold form instr. of mannerदो प्रकार से
āhahe (Rūpa) states, tells us(ग्रन्थकार) कहते हैं
karma svābhāvikam itiwith the words beginning 'karma svābhāvikam' — i.e. the verse we are on pratīka, naming the verse'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद से
tatra eva — right there; vidheyam dāsyam api — the dāsya that is to be prescribed, too; dvividhyena — in its two kinds; āha — he states; karma svābhāvikam iti — in the verse 'karma svābhāvikam'
tatra — उसी विषय में; eva — ही; vidheyam — विधेय (करने योग्य); dāsyam — दास्य; api — भी; dvividhyena — दो प्रकार से; āha — कहते हैं; karma svābhāvikam iti — 'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद से
Right there in that discussion, the dāsya that is to be prescribed is itself two-fold, and Rūpa tells us so in this verse beginning 'karma svābhāvikam.'
उसी प्रसंग में जो विधेय दास्य है, उसे भी दो प्रकार से (ग्रन्थकार) 'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद से कहते हैं।
s2gloss
svābhāvikaṁ tat-tad-varṇāśramādy-upādhi-svabhāva-prāptaṁ, tac ca bhadram eva |
svābhāvikam'svābhāvika' means:स्वाभाविक (पद का अर्थ)
tat-tad-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-svabhāva-prāptamthe work that comes to a person from the built-in nature of his particular varṇa, āśrama, and such designations compound unpacking svābhāvikaउन-उन वर्ण, आश्रम आदि उपाधियों के स्वभाव से प्राप्त
tatand that (such work)वह
caand — adding the point about itऔर
bhadramis good, wholesomeकल्याणकारी
evaindeed, precisely — nothing but goodही
svābhāvikam — 'natural' means; tat-tad-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-svabhāva-prāptam — obtained through the inherent nature of one's respective varṇa, āśrama and other designations; tat ca bhadram eva — and that is indeed wholesome
svābhāvikam — स्वाभाविक; tat-tad-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-svabhāva-prāptam — उन-उन वर्ण-आश्रम आदि उपाधियों के स्वभाव से प्राप्त; tat — वह; ca — और; bhadram — कल्याणकारी; eva — ही
'Svābhāvika' means the work that comes to a person through the very nature of his particular varṇa, āśrama, and the like. And Jīva stresses that such work is nothing but good.
स्वाभाविक अर्थात् उन-उन वर्ण, आश्रम आदि उपाधियों के स्वभाव से प्राप्त कर्म। और वह कल्याणकारी ही है।
s3gloss
na tv anyat |
nanotनहीं
tubut — marking the contrastपरन्तु
anyatanything elseअन्य (कोई दूसरा कर्म)
na tu anyat — but not anything else
na — नहीं; tu — परन्तु; anyat — अन्य
It is only this natural, wholesome work that is meant here — not any other kind of action.
परन्तु अन्य (कोई दूसरा कर्म) नहीं।
s4gloss
tathā japeti |
tathālikewise — turning now to the second kindवैसे ही
japa itithe part beginning 'japa' (japa-dhyāna-arcana…) is to be understood similarly pratīka pointing to the verse's second half'जप' इस पद से (दूसरा प्रकार)
tathā — in the same way; japa iti — [take] the phrase 'japa…'
tathā — वैसे ही; japa iti — 'जप' इस पद से
In the same way, understand the second half of the verse, the part beginning 'japa' — chanting, meditation, worship, and the rest.
वैसे ही 'जप' इस पद से (दूसरे प्रकार का कर्म कहा गया है)।
s5conclusion
itīdaṁ dvividhaṁ karma vaiṣṇavaiḥ kṛṣṇo’rpitaṁ ced dāsyam ucyate ||
itiso, thusइस प्रकार
idamthisयह
dvividhamtwo-foldदो प्रकार का
karmaworkकर्म
vaiṣṇavaiḥby the Vaiṣṇavas instr. of agentवैष्णवों के द्वारा
kṛṣṇeto Kṛṣṇa loc.कृष्ण को
arpitamofferedअर्पित
cetif — and only on this condition conditional particleयदि
dāsyamas dāsya, serviceदास्य
ucyateit is called, spoken of passiveकहा जाता है
iti idam dvividham karma — so this two-fold work; vaiṣṇavaiḥ kṛṣṇe arpitam cet — if it is offered to Kṛṣṇa by the Vaiṣṇavas; dāsyam ucyate — is called dāsya
iti — इस प्रकार; idam — यह; dvividham — दो प्रकार का; karma — कर्म; vaiṣṇavaiḥ — वैष्णवों के द्वारा; kṛṣṇe — कृष्ण को; arpitam — अर्पित; cet — यदि; dāsyam — दास्य; ucyate — कहा जाता है
So this two-fold work — only if the Vaiṣṇavas offer it to Kṛṣṇa — is called dāsya. The offering to Kṛṣṇa is what makes it service.
इस प्रकार यह दो प्रकार का कर्म यदि वैष्णवों के द्वारा कृष्ण को अर्पित किया जाए, तो वह दास्य कहलाता है।
Mukunda-dāsa Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
tasminn iti ślokaṁ vyācakṣate—karmeti |
tasmin iti ślokamthe verse beginning 'tasmin' — i.e. the one under discussion names the verse by its opening
vyācakṣatethey (the commentators) explain, comment on pres.
karma itiwith the words 'karma…' — quoting the verse's opening pratīka
tasmin iti ślokam — the verse 'tasmin…'; vyācakṣate — they explain; karma iti — [namely] 'karma…'
Now they take up and explain the verse, the one beginning 'karma.'
s2gloss
svābhāvikaṁ bhakṣaṇādi bhadram uttamaṁ na tv abhadraṁ nindyam api |
svābhāvikam'svābhāvika,' the naturally-arising work,
bhakṣaṇa-ādimeans eating and such everyday acts example of svābhāvika karma
bhadram'bhadra' means
uttamamexcellent, of the highest sort
nanot
tubut — the contrast
abhadramthe un-wholesome
nindyamthe blameworthy kind
apieven, at all
svābhāvikam bhakṣaṇa-ādi — 'natural' means eating and the like; bhadram uttamam — 'good' means excellent; na tu abhadram nindyam api — but not the un-wholesome, blameworthy kind at all
Here Mukunda takes 'svābhāvika' as everyday acts like eating, and 'bhadra' as 'excellent.' It is the fine, wholesome kind of natural action — never the un-wholesome, blameworthy sort.
svābhāvika (home sense: 'natural, inborn'; here: the ordinary conduct that comes to one by nature). Note the ācāryas differ on the example — Jīva and Viśvanātha take svābhāvika as varṇāśrama duty, while Mukunda illustrates it with plain daily acts like eating.
s3avataranika
nitya-naimittikāny api karmāṇi—
nitya-naimittikānithe daily-obligatory and occasion-prompted duties the two standard classes of prescribed karma
apialso — these too are included
karmāṇias (kinds of) action
nitya-naimittikāni api karmāṇi — the daily and occasional duties as well [are also such wholesome action] —
The daily obligatory duties and the occasion-prompted ones count here too as wholesome action. (He now cites scripture to back this up.)
nitya-karma = the standing daily duty (e.g. the morning saṁdhyā); naimittika-karma = duty triggered by an occasion (e.g. a rite on an eclipse or a birth). Both are 'prescribed' action, as opposed to kāmya (desire-driven) or niṣiddha (forbidden) action.
s4citation
naiṣkarmyam apy acyuta-bhāva-varjitaṁ na śobhate jñānam alaṁ nirañjanam | kutaḥ punaḥ śaśvad abhadram īśvare na cārpitaṁ karma yad apy akāraṇam ||
naiṣkarmyam apieven actionless knowledge (the state of having transcended karma)
acyuta-bhāva-varjitamif it is empty of loving feeling for Acyuta (Kṛṣṇa) the disqualifying condition
na śobhatedoes not shine, is not beautiful
jñānam alam nirañjanam— such knowledge, though flawless and free of all taint concessive: even the purest jñāna
kutaḥ punaḥhow much less, then — a fortiori
śaśvat abhadramaction that is forever inauspicious
īśvare na ca arpitamand not offered to the Lord
karmasuch work
yat api akāraṇameven when it is done without any selfish motive concessive: even motiveless
naiṣkarmyam api jñānam nirañjanam — even flawless actionless knowledge; acyuta-bhāva-varjitam na śobhate — if devoid of feeling for Acyuta, does not shine; kutaḥ punaḥ — how much less; karma śaśvat abhadram īśvare na arpitam — action ever-inauspicious and not offered to the Lord; yat api akāraṇam — even if done without motive
Even perfectly pure, transcendent knowledge is worthless if it has no love for Kṛṣṇa in it. If that is so, then how could mere action — always inauspicious, and not offered to the Lord — ever shine, even when it is done selflessly?
Why cited: Cited to show that action not offered to the Lord has no value — the offering to Kṛṣṇa is what counts.
s5citation
karmaṇāṁ jāty-aśuddhānām anena niyamaḥ kṛtaḥ | guṇa-doṣa-vidhānena saṅgānāṁ tyājenecchayā ||
karmaṇām jāti-aśuddhānāmover the ordinary rites, which are impure by their very kind gen. — the field this rule governs
anenaby this (teaching) instr. of means
niyamaḥ kṛtaḥa regulation has been laid down
guṇa-doṣa-vidhānenaby spelling out their merits and faults instr. — the method
saṅgānāmof the attachments (that go with such rites) gen. object of giving-up
tyājenaso that they may be given up
icchayāof one's own free will, willingly instr. of manner
karmaṇām jāti-aśuddhānām — of the intrinsically impure rites; anena niyamaḥ kṛtaḥ — by this a regulation is made; guṇa-doṣa-vidhānena — by declaring their good and bad points; saṅgānām tyājena icchayā — for the willing renouncing of attachment to them
Ordinary ritual acts are impure by their very nature. So the Lord laid down rules for them, spelling out their good and bad points, precisely so that a person would freely let go of his attachment to them.
Why cited: Cited to show scripture regulates ordinary rites only to wean one off attachment to them — they are not themselves the goal.
s6reply
ity ādi-vacanebhyo’bhadrāṇy eva teṣām arpaṇaṁ sāttvikaṁ karmaiva, na dāsyam ity abhiprāyo yathaikādaśe—mad-arpaṇaṁ niṣphalaṁ vā sāttvikaṁ nija-karma tat iti tasmāt jñānam eva bhavati, na bhaktir, yathā tatraiva—
iti ādi-vacanebhyaḥfrom these and similar scriptural statements abl. of reason — 'therefore, on the strength of these'
abhadrāṇi evait is only the un-wholesome kinds of action eva restricts: only these
teṣām arpaṇamwhose offering — i.e. offering these up — gen. + verbal noun
sāttvikam karma evais merely sāttvika (goodness-mode) action, nothing more eva: only karma, not bhakti
na dāsyamand not dāsya, not service to the Lord
iti abhiprāyaḥ— this is the intended point sums up the inference
yathā ekādaśeas (is said) in the Eleventh Canto: introduces the proof-text
mad-arpaṇam niṣphalam vā sāttvikam nija-karma tat'offering it to Me, or doing it without desire for fruit — that is one's own action in the mode of goodness' quoted line, Bhā.Pu. 11.25.23
itiso it says
tasmāttherefore abl./conclusion
jñānam eva bhavatiwhat results is only jñāna, knowledge
na bhaktiḥnot bhakti, not devotion
yathā tatra evaas, again, in that same book: introduces the next quote
iti ādi-vacanebhyaḥ — from such statements; teṣām arpaṇam abhadrāṇi eva — the offering of them, namely of the un-wholesome acts; sāttvikam karma eva na dāsyam — is only sāttvika karma, not dāsya; iti abhiprāyaḥ — this is the point; yathā ekādaśe 'mad-arpaṇam… nija-karma tat' — as in the 11th: 'offered to Me, or fruitless, that is one's sāttvika work'; tasmāt jñānam eva bhavati na bhaktiḥ — hence the result is only jñāna, not bhakti
So from statements like these, Mukunda draws his point: when it is these lesser acts that get offered up, the offering is only work in the mode of goodness — it is not dāsya, not real service. The Eleventh Canto backs this up: 'offering it to Me, or doing it desirelessly — that is one's own sāttvika work.' And therefore what it yields is only knowledge, not devotion. He now gives another line from the same book.
Why cited: Bhā.Pu. 11.25.23 cited to prove that even karma offered to the Lord ranks only as sāttvika action, whose fruit is knowledge — not devotion.
sāttvika-karma — action in the guṇa of sattva (goodness). Mukunda's key move: offering ordinary/natural karma to Kṛṣṇa upgrades it to sāttvika-karma, whose fruit is jñāna — but it does not thereby become dāsya-bhakti. Only offering japa-dhyāna-arcana counts as dāsya.
s7citation
asmin loke vartamānaḥ sva-dharma-stho’naghaḥ śuciḥ | jñānaṁ viśuddham āpnoti mad-bhaktiṁ vā yadṛcchayā ||
asmin loke vartamānaḥa man living in this world
sva-dharma-sthaḥwho stays fixed in his own prescribed duty
anaghaḥfree of sin
śuciḥand pure
jñānam viśuddham āpnotiattains perfectly pure knowledge
mad-bhaktim vāor else devotion to Me
yadṛcchayāby chance, unexpectedly — not as the duty's own product instr. — 'by luck'
asmin loke vartamānaḥ sva-dharma-sthaḥ anaghaḥ śuciḥ — one in this world, fixed in his duty, sinless, pure; jñānam viśuddham āpnoti — attains pure knowledge; mad-bhaktim vā yadṛcchayā — or, by chance, devotion to Me
'A man in this world who keeps to his own duty, sinless and pure, gains perfectly pure knowledge — or else, by sheer good luck, devotion to Me.'
Why cited: Bhā.Pu. 11.20.11 cited to show that dutiful action of itself yields jñāna; bhakti comes only 'yadṛcchayā' — by grace, not as the fruit of the karma.
s8gloss
mad-bhaktiṁ ca tu yadṛcchayā kenāpi bhāgyodayenaivety arthaḥ |
mad-bhaktim caand as for 'devotion to Me'
tubut — marking off this word for special comment
yadṛcchayāthe word 'yadṛcchayā,' 'by chance,' means:
kena api bhāgya-udayena evaonly by some dawning of good fortune instr. — the sole cause; eva restricts
iti arthaḥ— that is the meaning
mad-bhaktim ca tu yadṛcchayā — and 'devotion to Me… by chance'; kena api bhāgya-udayena eva — only through some rising of good fortune; iti arthaḥ — this is the sense
And the phrase 'devotion to Me, by chance' — Mukunda explains — means only through some sudden rising of good fortune. Duty alone does not produce it.
s9avataranika
japa-dhyānāder arpaṇaṁ dāsyāṁ, yathā saptame—
japa-dhyāna-ādeḥas for chanting, meditation, and the like gen. — the second class of act, now taken up
arpaṇamthe offering of these
dāsyāmfalls under dāsya, is service proper loc. — 'belongs to dāsya'
yathā saptameas (is said) in the Seventh Canto: introduces the proof-text
japa-dhyāna-ādeḥ arpaṇam — the offering of japa, meditation, etc.; dāsyām — is within dāsya; yathā saptame — as in the 7th
But offering up japa, meditation, and the like — that does belong to dāsya, to real service. He shows this from the Seventh Canto.
s10citation
śravaṇaṁ kīrtanaṁ viṣṇoḥ smaraṇaṁ pāda-sevanam | arcanaṁ vandanaṁ dāsyaṁ sakhyam ātma-nivedanam ||
śravaṇamhearing (about the Lord)
kīrtanam viṣṇoḥchanting the glories of Viṣṇu
smaraṇamremembering Him
pāda-sevanamserving His feet
arcanamworshiping Him
vandanamoffering prayers, bowing
dāsyamservitude
sakhyamfriendship
ātma-nivedanamand full self-surrender
śravaṇam kīrtanam viṣṇoḥ smaraṇam pāda-sevanam arcanam vandanam dāsyam sakhyam ātma-nivedanam — hearing, chanting of Viṣṇu, remembering, foot-service, worship, prayer, servitude, friendship, self-surrender
'Hearing, chanting of Viṣṇu, remembering, serving His feet, worship, prayer, servitude, friendship, and self-surrender' — the nine limbs of devotion.
Why cited: Bhā.Pu. 7.5.23 cited to list the nine limbs of bhakti — the acts (japa, dhyāna, arcana, etc.) whose offering is genuine dāsya.
s11citation
iti puṁsārpitā viṣṇau bhaktiś cen nava-lakṣaṇā |
itithese (nine)
puṁsā arpitāoffered by a person instr. of agent + past part.
viṣṇauto Viṣṇu loc.
bhaktiḥas devotion
cetif — on this condition conditional
nava-lakṣaṇāthe nine-featured (devotion) the bhakti marked by these nine limbs
iti puṁsā arpitā viṣṇau bhaktiḥ cet — if this devotion, offered by a person to Viṣṇu; nava-lakṣaṇā — the nine-limbed —
'If this nine-limbed devotion is offered by a person to Viṣṇu…' — the sentence continues in the next line.
Why cited: Bhā.Pu. 7.5.23–24 (first half): sets up the condition — nine-limbed bhakti, once offered to Viṣṇu, is the highest study; the offering is what makes it dāsya.
s12citation
kriyeta bhagavaty addhā tan manye’dhītam uttamam ||
kriyetawere to be performed optative passive
bhagavatitoward the Lord loc.
addhādirectly, plainly
tatthat
manyeI consider, I hold
adhītam uttamamto be the highest learning the best 'lesson studied'
bhagavati addhā kriyeta — were it done directly toward the Lord; tat adhītam uttamam manye — that I consider the highest learning
'…and were performed directly for the Lord — that, I hold, is the highest thing one can ever learn.' (Prahlāda answering what the best of all lessons is.)
Why cited: Bhā.Pu. 7.5.24 (second half): completes the proof — nine-limbed devotion done directly for the Lord is the supreme 'lesson,' establishing offered japa/dhyāna/arcana as true dāsya.
s13gloss
anayor arthaḥ—iti śravaṇādīni nava lakṣaṇāni yasyāḥ sā nava-lakṣaṇā |
anayoḥ arthaḥthe meaning of these two (verses) is as follows: gen. — 'of the pair'
itiwith 'iti' [rounding off the list]
śravaṇa-ādīni nava lakṣaṇānihearing and the rest are the nine features
yasyāḥof which (devotion) rel. gen. — she who has them
sā nava-lakṣaṇāthat (devotion) is called 'nine-featured' resolves the compound as a bahuvrīhi
anayoḥ arthaḥ — the sense of the two; śravaṇa-ādīni nava lakṣaṇāni yasyāḥ — she of whom hearing etc. are the nine marks; sā nava-lakṣaṇā — she is the 'nine-marked' one
Here is the sense of the two verses. 'Nava-lakṣaṇā' is a bahuvrīhi: the devotion whose nine defining marks are hearing and the rest — that devotion is the 'nine-featured' one.
s14gloss
tatra dāsyaṁ japa-dhyānādi-rūpaṁ dāsānāṁ karma |
tatraof these nine, in this context
dāsyamthe item 'dāsya' [as a limb]
japa-dhyāna-ādi-rūpamtakes the form of japa, meditation, and such identifies its content
dāsānām karmait is the work proper to servants gen. — 'belonging to servants'
tatra dāsyam — among them, dāsya; japa-dhyāna-ādi-rūpam — in the form of japa, meditation, etc.; dāsānām karma — is the work of servants
Within that list, the limb called 'dāsya' takes the shape of japa, meditation, and the like — it is the work that servants do for their master.
s15conclusion
bhagavaty addhā sākṣād bhaktir yā puṁsā kriyeta, sā viṣṇau arpitā cet tan navadhā bhakty-arpaṇam uttamam adhītam dāsyaṁ manye dāsyam evādhīta-phalaṁ nānyad iti sottamādhītā śikṣeti praśnasyottaram iti ||
bhagavati addhā sākṣāt bhaktiḥdevotion done straight and direct toward the Lord
yā puṁsā kriyetawhich a person may perform rel. clause
sā viṣṇau arpitā cetif it is offered to Viṣṇu conditional
tat navadhā bhakti-arpaṇamthen that offering of nine-fold devotion
uttamam adhītam dāsyam manyeI regard as the highest learning — namely dāsya the equation the verse asserts
dāsyam eva adhīta-phalamdāsya alone is the fruit of true study eva restricts: dāsya and nothing else
na anyatnothing else is
itiso
sā uttamā adhītā śikṣāthat is the highest learning, the best schooling
iti praśnasya uttaram— and this is the answer to the question [asked] names what the verse answers
itithus [Mukunda concludes]
bhagavati addhā sākṣāt bhaktiḥ yā puṁsā kriyeta — the direct devotion a person performs; sā viṣṇau arpitā cet — if offered to Viṣṇu; tat navadhā bhakti-arpaṇam uttamam adhītam dāsyam manye — that nine-fold offering I hold as the supreme lesson, dāsya; dāsyam eva adhīta-phalam na anyat — dāsya alone is study's fruit, nothing else; iti praśnasya uttaram — this is the answer to the question
So: the direct devotion a person performs, if it is offered to Viṣṇu, is this nine-fold offering — and that, Prahlāda says, is the highest learning, which is dāsya. Dāsya alone is the real fruit of all study, nothing else. That is his answer to the question, 'What is the best thing you have learned?'
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1avataranika
svābhāvikam eva dvidhā vivṛṇoti—karma svābhāvikam iti svābhāvikam |
svābhāvikam evathe very word 'svābhāvika' eva: this one term precisely'स्वाभाविक' इस पद को ही
dvidhāin two waysदो प्रकार से
vivṛṇotihe (Rūpa) unfolds, explains it out pres.खोलकर बताते हैं (विवृत करते हैं)
karma svābhāvikam itiwith the words 'karma svābhāvikam' pratīka'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद से
svābhāvikam'svābhāvika' [meaning:]स्वाभाविक (यह पद)
svābhāvikam eva dvidhā vivṛṇoti — he explains the word 'natural' in two ways; karma svābhāvikam iti — in 'karma svābhāvikam'; svābhāvikam — 'natural' [means…]
svābhāvikam eva — 'स्वाभाविक' इस पद को ही; dvidhā — दो प्रकार से; vivṛṇoti — विवृत करते हैं; karma svābhāvikam iti — 'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद से; svābhāvikam — 'स्वाभाविक' (पद)
Rūpa unfolds the single word 'svābhāvika' in two ways, in the phrase 'karma svābhāvikam.' 'Svābhāvika' means —
'स्वाभाविक' इसी पद को (विश्वनाथ) दो प्रकार से खोलकर बताते हैं — 'कर्म स्वाभाविकम्' इस पद में जो 'स्वाभाविक' है।
s2gloss
catur varṇāśramādy-upādhi-prāptam |
catuḥ-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-prāptamthe work that comes to one through the designations of the four varṇas, the āśramas, and the like compound unpacking svābhāvikaचार वर्ण और आश्रम आदि उपाधियों से प्राप्त
catuḥ-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-prāptam — obtained through the labels of the four varṇas, the āśramas, and so on
catuḥ-varṇāśrama-ādi-upādhi-prāptam — चार वर्ण और आश्रम आदि उपाधियों से प्राप्त
— the work that comes to a person by virtue of his place among the four varṇas, the āśramas, and such social designations.
(स्वाभाविक कर्म वह है जो) चार वर्ण और आश्रम आदि उपाधियों से प्राप्त होता है।
s3gloss
tac ca bhadram eva |
tatand that (such work)वह
caandऔर
bhadramis good, wholesomeकल्याणकारी
evaindeed — nothing but goodही
tat ca bhadram eva — and that is indeed wholesome
tat — वह; ca — और; bhadram — कल्याणकारी; eva — ही
And such work is nothing but good.
और वह कल्याणकारी ही है।
s4gloss
na tv anyat mṛttikā-śaucādi |
nanotनहीं
tubut — the contrastपरन्तु
anyatanything elseअन्य
mṛttikā-śauca-ādisuch as cleansing with earth (clay) and the like example of the 'other' kind excludedमिट्टी से शौच (शरीर-शुद्धि) आदि
na tu anyat — but not anything else; mṛttikā-śauca-ādi — such as purification with clay, etc.
na — नहीं; tu — परन्तु; anyat — अन्य; mṛttikā-śauca-ādi — मिट्टी से शौच (शरीर-शुद्धि) आदि
It is not any other sort — not, for instance, mere bodily purifications like cleansing oneself with earth and the like.
परन्तु अन्य नहीं — जैसे मिट्टी से शरीर की शुद्धि आदि।
mṛttikā-śauca = the ritual cleansing of the body with clay/earth. Viśvanātha names it as an example of merely bodily 'purificatory' acts that do NOT count as the wholesome svābhāvika-karma meant here — a concrete counter-instance to fix the boundary of what 'good natural work' includes.
'मृत्तिका-शौच' का अर्थ है मिट्टी से शरीर को शुद्ध करना। विश्वनाथ इसे उदाहरण के रूप में देते हैं — केवल शरीर की शुद्धि करने वाले ऐसे कर्म यहाँ अभिप्रेत कल्याणकारी स्वाभाविक-कर्म में नहीं गिने जाते। यह 'शुभ स्वाभाविक कर्म' की सीमा निश्चित करने वाला एक ठोस प्रत्युदाहरण है।
s5gloss
tathā japeti |
tathālikewise — for the second kindवैसे ही
japa itithe part beginning 'japa' (japa-dhyāna-arcana…) is to be taken similarly pratīka to the verse's second half'जप' इस पद से (दूसरा प्रकार)
tathā — likewise; japa iti — [take] the phrase 'japa…'
tathā — वैसे ही; japa iti — 'जप' इस पद से
And in the same way, understand the second half beginning 'japa' — chanting, meditation, worship, and the rest.
वैसे ही 'जप' इस पद से (दूसरे प्रकार का कर्म कहा गया है)।
s6conclusion
itīdaṁ dvividhaṁ karma vaiṣṇavaiḥ kṛṣṇo’rpitaṁ ced dāsyam ucyate ||
itiso, thusइस प्रकार
idamthisयह
dvividhamtwo-foldदो प्रकार का
karmaworkकर्म
vaiṣṇavaiḥby the Vaiṣṇavas instr. of agentवैष्णवों के द्वारा
kṛṣṇeto Kṛṣṇa loc.कृष्ण को
arpitamofferedअर्पित
cetif — only on this condition conditionalयदि
dāsyamas dāsya, serviceदास्य
ucyateit is called passiveकहा जाता है
iti idam dvividham karma — so this two-fold work; vaiṣṇavaiḥ kṛṣṇe arpitam cet — if offered to Kṛṣṇa by the Vaiṣṇavas; dāsyam ucyate — is called dāsya
iti — इस प्रकार; idam — यह; dvividham — दो प्रकार का; karma — कर्म; vaiṣṇavaiḥ — वैष्णवों के द्वारा; kṛṣṇe — कृष्ण को; arpitam — अर्पित; cet — यदि; dāsyam — दास्य; ucyate — कहा जाता है
So this two-fold work — if the Vaiṣṇavas offer it to Kṛṣṇa — is called dāsya. Here too, the offering to Kṛṣṇa is what makes it service.
इस प्रकार यह दो प्रकार का कर्म यदि वैष्णवों के द्वारा कृष्ण को अर्पित किया जाए, तो वह दास्य कहलाता है।