Premabase · Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu · Vibhāga 1 · Laharī 1
Show
SanskritHindiEnglish
Edition
PhilologicalAnnotatedStudy
Study decode
Phrases
Reading
AlignedContinuous
Script
IASTदेवनागरीবাংলা
Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanāthaBhaktisiddhānta
BRS 1.1.12
yathā śrī-nārada-pañcarātre—
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ tat-paratvena nirmalam |
hṛṣīkeṇa hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ bhaktir ucyatequoted · śrī-nārada-pañcarātre
Word for word
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam freed from all designations; tat-paratvena through being devoted to Him; nirmalam pure; hṛṣīkeṇa with the senses; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam the service of Hṛṣīkeśa; bhaktiḥ devotion; ucyate is said to be
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam समस्त उपाधियों से रहित; tat-paratvena उसमें परायण होने के कारण; nirmalam निर्मल; hṛṣīkeṇa इन्द्रिय से; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam हृषीकेश की सेवा; bhaktiḥ भक्ति; ucyate कही जाती है
Construed
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam — freed from all designations; tat-paratvena nirmalam — pure through being devoted to Him; hṛṣīkeṇa — with the senses; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam — the service of Hṛṣīkeśa; bhaktiḥ ucyate — is said to be devotion.
सर्व-उपाधि-विनिर्मुक्तम् — समस्त उपाधियों से रहित; तत्-परत्वेन निर्मलम् — उसमें परायण होने के कारण निर्मल; हृषीकेण — इन्द्रिय से; हृषीकेश-सेवनम् — हृषीकेश की सेवा; भक्तिः उच्यते — भक्ति कही जाती है।
Translation
Freed from all designations, pure through being devoted to Him, the service of Hṛṣīkeśa with the senses is said to be devotion.
समस्त उपाधियों से रहित, उसमें परायण होने के कारण निर्मल, इन्द्रियों से हृषीकेश की सेवा भक्ति कही जाती है।
Commentary
Jīva Gosvāmī
Durgama-saṅgamanī
tat-paratvena ānukūlena |
On tat-paratvena — "Through being devoted to Him" means favorably.
tat-paratvena — "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ है अनुकूलता से।
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
On sarva — "Freed from all" means free of longing for anything else.
sarva — "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है।
sevanam anuśīlanam |
On sevanam — "Service" means cultivation (anuśīlana).
sevanam — "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
On nirmalaṁ — "Pure" means uncovered by knowledge, action, and the rest.
nirmalaṁ — "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
ata uttamātvaṁ svata evoktam ||
Hence its being the highest is stated of its own accord.
इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही कहा गया है।

"Through being devoted to Him" means favorably. "Freed from all" means free of longing for anything else. "Service" means cultivation (anuśīlana). "Pure" means uncovered by knowledge, action, and the rest.

"तत्परत्व" का अर्थ है अनुकूलता से। "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है। "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन। "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।

conclusion

Hence its being the highest is stated of its own accord.

इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही कहा गया है।

Viśvanātha Cakravartī
Bhakti-sāra-pradarśinī
sarveti |
The verse beginning sarva.
"सर्व" यह।
hṛṣīkeṇa indriyeṇa tat-paratvenānukūlyaṁ ca |
On hṛṣīkeṇa and tat-paratvena — "With the sense" (hṛṣīkeṇa), that is, with the sense organ; and "through being devoted to Him" means favorably.
hṛṣīkeṇa, tat-paratvena — "हृषीकेण" अर्थात् इन्द्रिय से; और "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ अनुकूलता है।
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
On sarva — "Freed from all" means free of longing for anything else.
sarva — "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है।
sevanam anuśīlanam |
On sevanam — "Service" means cultivation (anuśīlana).
sevanam — "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
On nirmalaṁ — "Pure" means uncovered by knowledge, action, and the rest.
nirmalaṁ — "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
ata uttamātvaṁ svata eva vyaktam ||
Hence its being the highest is of its own accord manifest.
इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही व्यक्त है।

The verse beginning sarva.

"सर्व" यह।

"With the sense" (hṛṣīkeṇa), that is, with the sense organ; and "through being devoted to Him" means favorably. "Freed from all" means free of longing for anything else. "Service" means cultivation (anuśīlana). "Pure" means uncovered by knowledge, action, and the rest.

"हृषीकेण" अर्थात् इन्द्रिय से; और "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ अनुकूलता है। "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है। "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन। "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।

conclusion

Hence its being the highest is of its own accord manifest.

इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही व्यक्त है।

Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī
Anubhāṣya (supplementary notes)
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ sakala-bhedāvaraṇa-pariśūnyaṁ kṛṣṇetarānyābhilāṣitā-varjitaṁ tat-paratvena kṛṣṇa-sevaika-tātparyeṇa ānukūlyena nirmalaṁ karmāvaraṇa-jñāna-vimohanādi-upādhi-rūpa-mala-nirmuktaṁ hṛṣīkeṇa sevonmukhendriya-dvārā hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ sarvendriyādhipasya viṣṇor anuśīlanaṁ eva bhaktir ucyate kathyate (anubhāṣya 2.19.170) ||
"Freed from all designations" — wholly devoid of every covering of difference, free of any longing for things other than Kṛṣṇa; "through being devoted to Him" — by sole intentness on the service of Kṛṣṇa, favorably; "pure" — freed of the impurity in the form of designations such as the covering of action and the bewilderment of knowledge; "with the senses" — through the senses turned toward service; "the service of Hṛṣīkeśa" — the cultivation of Viṣṇu, the master of all the senses, is said, that is, declared, to be devotion.
"सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त" - समस्त भेद-आवरण से पूर्णतः शून्य, कृष्ण से इतर की अभिलाषा से वर्जित; "तत्परत्व" - कृष्ण की सेवा में एकमात्र तात्पर्य से, अनुकूलता से; "निर्मल" - कर्म-आवरण और ज्ञान-विमोहन आदि उपाधि रूप मल से मुक्त; "हृषीकेण" - सेवा की ओर उन्मुख इन्द्रियों के द्वारा; "हृषीकेश-सेवन" - समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन ही भक्ति कही जाती है, अर्थात् कथित होती है।

"Freed from all designations" — wholly devoid of every covering of difference, free of any longing for things other than Kṛṣṇa; "through being devoted to Him" — by sole intentness on the service of Kṛṣṇa, favorably; "pure" — freed of the impurity in the form of designations such as the covering of action and the bewilderment of knowledge; "with the senses" — through the senses turned toward service; "the service of Hṛṣīkeśa" — the cultivation of Viṣṇu, the master of all the senses, is said, that is, declared, to be devotion.

"सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त" का अर्थ है समस्त भेद-आवरण से पूर्णतः शून्य तथा कृष्ण से इतर की अभिलाषा से वर्जित; "तत्परत्व" अर्थात् कृष्ण की सेवा में एकमात्र तात्पर्य से, अनुकूलता से; "निर्मल" अर्थात् कर्म-आवरण और ज्ञान-विमोहन आदि उपाधि रूप मल से मुक्त; "हृषीकेण" अर्थात् सेवा की ओर उन्मुख इन्द्रियों के द्वारा; "हृषीकेश-सेवन" अर्थात् समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन ही भक्ति कही जाती है, अर्थात् कथित होती है (अनुभाष्य 2.19.170)।

Word for word
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam freed from all designations; tat-paratvena by being devoted to Him; nirmalam unsullied; hṛṣīkeṇa with the senses (instrumental); hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa (the Lord of the senses); bhaktiḥ devotion; ucyate is called (passive)
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam समस्त उपाधियों से रहित; tat-paratvena उसमें परायण होने के कारण; nirmalam निर्मल; hṛṣīkeṇa इन्द्रिय से (करण-कारक); hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam हृषीकेश की सेवा; bhaktiḥ भक्ति; ucyate कही जाती है (कर्मवाच्य)
Construed
sarva-upādhi-vinirmuktam — freed from all designations; tat-paratvena nirmalam — unsullied by being devoted to Him; hṛṣīkeṇa — with the senses; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam — the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa; bhaktiḥ ucyate — is called devotion.
सर्व-उपाधि-विनिर्मुक्तम् — समस्त उपाधियों से रहित; तत्-परत्वेन निर्मलम् — उसमें परायण होने के कारण निर्मल; हृषीकेण — इन्द्रिय से; हृषीकेश-सेवनम् — हृषीकेश की सेवा; भक्तिः उच्यते — भक्ति कही जाती है।
Translation
Freed from all designations [upādhi — in Advaita Vedānta and Nyāya, a "limiting adjunct," an extraneous conditioning attribute that appears to qualify a thing without belonging to its essence; here, any self-conception or worldly qualification (caste, station, motive) foreign to the soul that must fall away], unsullied by being wholly devoted to Him — the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa, the Lord of the senses, carried out with the senses, is called devotion.
समस्त उपाधियों से रहित [upādhi — अद्वैत वेदान्त तथा न्याय में "उपाधि" वह बाहरी सीमक विशेषण है, जो किसी वस्तु के स्वरूप का अंग हुए बिना उसे मानो विशिष्ट कर देता है; यहाँ आत्मा के लिए बाह्य प्रत्येक स्व-कल्पना या सांसारिक विशेषण (जाति, आश्रम, प्रयोजन), जिसका छूट जाना अपेक्षित है], उसमें पूर्णतः परायण होने के कारण निर्मल — इन्द्रियों से हृषीकेश (इन्द्रियों के स्वामी) की सेवा भक्ति कही जाती है।
Commentary
Jīva Gosvāmī
Durgama-saṅgamanī
tat-paratvena ānukūlena |
On tat-paratvena — "By being devoted to Him" means: favorably disposed.
tat-paratvena — "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ है अनुकूलता से।
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
On sarva — "All" means: empty of any craving for anything else.
sarva — "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है।
sevanam anuśīlanam |
On sevanam — "Serving" means: loving cultivation (anuśīlana).
sevanam — "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
On nirmalaṁ — "Unsullied" means: not overlaid by jñāna [the path of knowledge aimed at liberation], karma [the path of prescribed ritual action], and the rest — whose admixture would cover pure devotion.
nirmalaṁ — "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान [jñāna — मोक्ष के लक्ष्य वाला ज्ञान-मार्ग], कर्म [karma — विहित अनुष्ठान-रूप कर्म-मार्ग] आदि से अनावृत — जिनका मिश्रण शुद्ध भक्ति को ढक देता है।
ata uttamātvaṁ svata evoktam ||
Hence its supremacy is stated as belonging to it of its own accord.
इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही कहा गया है।

"By being devoted to Him" means favorably disposed. "All" means empty of any craving for anything else. "Serving" means loving cultivation (anuśīlana). And "unsullied" means not overlaid by jñāna [the path of knowledge aimed at liberation], karma [the path of prescribed ritual action], and the rest — whose admixture would cover pure devotion.

"तत्परत्व" का अर्थ है अनुकूलता से; "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है; "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन; और "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान [jñāna — मोक्ष के लक्ष्य वाला ज्ञान-मार्ग], कर्म [karma — विहित अनुष्ठान-रूप कर्म-मार्ग] आदि से अनावृत — जिनका मिश्रण शुद्ध भक्ति को ढक देता है।

conclusion

Hence its supremacy is stated as belonging to it of its own accord.

इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही कहा गया है।

Viśvanātha Cakravartī
Bhakti-sāra-pradarśinī
sarveti |
The verse beginning "sarva."
"सर्व" यह।
hṛṣīkeṇa indriyeṇa tat-paratvenānukūlyaṁ ca |
On hṛṣīkeṇa and tat-paratvena — "With the sense" (hṛṣīkeṇa), that is, with the sense-organ (indriya); and "by being devoted to Him" means favorable disposition.
hṛṣīkeṇa, tat-paratvena — "हृषीकेण" अर्थात् इन्द्रिय से; और "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ अनुकूलता है।
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
On sarva — "All" means: empty of any craving for anything else.
sarva — "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है।
sevanam anuśīlanam |
On sevanam — "Serving" means: loving cultivation (anuśīlana).
sevanam — "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
On nirmalaṁ — "Unsullied" means: not overlaid by jñāna, karma, and the rest.
nirmalaṁ — "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
ata uttamātvaṁ svata eva vyaktam ||
Hence its supremacy stands manifest of its own accord.
इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही व्यक्त है।

On the verse beginning "sarva":

"सर्व" यह।

"With the sense" (hṛṣīkeṇa) means with the sense-organ (indriya), and "by being devoted to Him" means favorable disposition. "All" means empty of any craving for anything else. "Serving" means loving cultivation (anuśīlana). "Unsullied" means not overlaid by jñāna, karma, and the rest.

"हृषीकेण" अर्थात् इन्द्रिय से; और "तत्परत्व" का अर्थ अनुकूलता है। "सर्व" से अभिप्राय अन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य होना है; "सेवन" का अर्थ है अनुशीलन; और "निर्मल" का अर्थ है ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।

conclusion

Hence its supremacy stands manifest of its own accord.

इसलिए इसका उत्तमत्व स्वतः ही व्यक्त है।

Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī
Anubhāṣya (supplementary notes)
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ sakala-bhedāvaraṇa-pariśūnyaṁ kṛṣṇetarānyābhilāṣitā-varjitaṁ tat-paratvena kṛṣṇa-sevaika-tātparyeṇa ānukūlyena nirmalaṁ karmāvaraṇa-jñāna-vimohanādi-upādhi-rūpa-mala-nirmuktaṁ hṛṣīkeṇa sevonmukhendriya-dvārā hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ sarvendriyādhipasya viṣṇor anuśīlanaṁ eva bhaktir ucyate kathyate (anubhāṣya 2.19.170) ||
"Freed from all designations" — utterly void of every covering of difference, stripped of any craving for what is other than Kṛṣṇa; "by being devoted to Him" — through single-pointed intent upon the service of Kṛṣṇa alone, favorably disposed; "unsullied" — freed of the taint that takes the form of designations such as the covering of karma and the bewildering of jñāna; "with the senses" — by means of the sense-organs turned toward service; "the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa" — the loving cultivation of Viṣṇu, sovereign over all the senses, is precisely what is called, that is, declared to be, devotion (anubhāṣya 2.19.170).
"सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त" - समस्त भेद-आवरण से पूर्णतः शून्य, कृष्ण से इतर की अभिलाषा से वर्जित; "तत्परत्व" - कृष्ण की सेवा में एकमात्र तात्पर्य से, अनुकूलता से; "निर्मल" - कर्म-आवरण और ज्ञान-विमोहन आदि उपाधि रूप मल से मुक्त; "हृषीकेण" - सेवा की ओर उन्मुख इन्द्रियों के द्वारा; "हृषीकेश-सेवन" - समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन ही भक्ति कही जाती है, अर्थात् कथित होती है (anubhāṣya 2.19.170)।

"Freed from all designations" — utterly void of every covering of difference, stripped of any craving for what is other than Kṛṣṇa; "by being devoted to Him" — through single-pointed intent upon the service of Kṛṣṇa alone, favorably disposed; "unsullied" — freed of the taint that takes the form of designations such as the covering of karma and the bewildering of jñāna; "with the senses" — by means of the sense-organs turned toward service; and "the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa" — the loving cultivation of Viṣṇu, sovereign over all the senses — is precisely what is called, that is, declared to be, devotion (anubhāṣya 2.19.170).

"सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त" अर्थात् समस्त भेद-आवरण से पूर्णतः शून्य, कृष्ण से इतर की अभिलाषा से वर्जित; "तत्परत्व" अर्थात् कृष्ण की सेवा में एकमात्र तात्पर्य से, अनुकूलता से; "निर्मल" अर्थात् कर्म-आवरण और ज्ञान-विमोहन आदि उपाधि रूप मल से मुक्त; "हृषीकेण" अर्थात् सेवा की ओर उन्मुख इन्द्रियों के द्वारा; "हृषीकेश-सेवन" अर्थात् समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन ही भक्ति कही जाती है, अर्थात् कथित होती है (anubhāṣya 2.19.170)।

The verse — decoded
L1definition
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ tat-paratvena nirmalam |
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktamfreed from every upādhi (every borrowed label — caste, station, motive — laid over the self from outside) neut. acc. sg., describing sevanam (the serving) belowसभी उपाधियों से पूर्णतः मुक्त (जो सेवन का विशेषण है)
tat-paratvenabecause it is aimed wholly at Him — the commentators unpack this as "by being favorably devoted to Him" instrumental of cause/means; glossed ānukūlyenaउसी (कृष्ण) के प्रति अनुकूल होने के कारण
nirmalamand so it is unsullied — spotless, with nothing mixed in neut. acc. sg., second word describing sevanamनिर्मल (सेवन का दूसरा विशेषण)
hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam [from L2] — the serving of the Lord of the senses; sarvopādhi-vinirmuktam — freed from every borrowed label; tat-paratvena — because it is aimed wholly at Him; nirmalam — and so is unsullied.
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktam — सभी उपाधियों से पूर्णतः मुक्त; tat-paratvena — उसी (कृष्ण) के प्रति अनुकूल होने के कारण; nirmalam — निर्मल — ये (सेवन के) विशेषण हैं।
This first line lays down two conditions on the serving that the next line will define. First: it is freed from every upādhi — from every label pinned on the self from outside, like caste, social station, or a self-serving motive. Second: because it is aimed wholly at Him, it comes out unsullied — nothing foreign mixed in. Both words are neuter, so they hang on the word "serving" that arrives in line two.
जो सेवन सभी उपाधियों से पूर्णतः मुक्त है, और उसी (कृष्ण) के प्रति अनुकूल होने के कारण निर्मल है —
upādhi: in Advaita Vedānta and Nyāya a "limiting adjunct" — an outside conditioning attribute that seems to qualify a thing without belonging to what it really is. Here it means any self-conception or worldly qualification foreign to the soul that has to fall away.
उपाधि — अद्वैत वेदान्त और न्याय में यह 'अवच्छेदक' या ऊपर से लगा हुआ लक्षण है, जो किसी वस्तु का सच्चा स्वरूप न होते हुए भी उसे विशेषित करता-सा दिखता है। यहाँ इसका अर्थ है जीव का वह प्रत्येक आत्म-भाव या सांसारिक विशेषण, जो आत्मा से बाहरी है और जिसका छूट जाना अपेक्षित है।
L2definition
hṛṣīkeṇa hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ bhaktir ucyate
hṛṣīkeṇawith the senses — the serving is carried out by means of the sense-organs instrumental of means; hṛṣīka = the sensesइन्द्रियों के द्वारा
hṛṣīkeśa-sevanamthe serving of Hṛṣīkeśa, the Lord of the senses — this is the thing being defined neut. nom. sg.; subject of the sentenceहृषीकेश (इन्द्रियों के स्वामी कृष्ण) का सेवन
bhaktiḥthat is bhakti — devotion nom. sg.; predicateभक्ति
ucyateis what it is called passive, 3rd sg.कही जाती है
hṛṣīkeṇa — with the senses; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam — the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa, the Lord of the senses; bhaktiḥ ucyate — is called devotion.
hṛṣīkeṇa — इन्द्रियों के द्वारा; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam — हृषीकेश का सेवन; bhaktiḥ — भक्ति; ucyate — कही जाती है।
Now the definition itself. Serving Hṛṣīkeśa — the Lord of the senses — carried out with the senses: that is what is called bhakti, devotion. Notice the deliberate play on words. You use the hṛṣīkas, the senses, to serve Hṛṣīkeśa, the very Lord of those senses. The senses are not shut down; they are turned back toward their own master. Read the two lines together: serving the Lord of the senses, with the senses, freed of every outside label and unsullied because it aims wholly at Him — that is bhakti.
इन्द्रियों के द्वारा हृषीकेश का सेवन भक्ति कही जाती है।
hṛṣīkeśa: "lord of the senses" (hṛṣīka "sense" + īśa "lord"), a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa. The verse pairs it on purpose with hṛṣīkeṇa, "with the senses," so the same senses that usually run outward are the instrument for serving their Lord.
हृषीकेश — 'इन्द्रियों के स्वामी' (हृषीक = इन्द्रिय + ईश = स्वामी), विष्णु/कृष्ण का एक नाम। श्लोक में इसे जान-बूझकर 'हृषीकेण' (इन्द्रिय के द्वारा) के साथ जोड़ा गया है — जो इन्द्रियाँ प्रायः बाहर की ओर दौड़ती हैं, वे ही अपने स्वामी की सेवा का साधन बन जाती हैं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
tat-paratvena ānukūlena |
tat-paratvenathe verse's word "tat-paratvena" ("by being devoted to Him") — lemma being glossed; instrumental in the verse'तत्परत्वेन' — जिस पद का अर्थ बताया जा रहा है
ānukūlenameans: by being favorably disposed toward Him. instrumental, the gloss-wordअनुकूल होने के अर्थ में
tat-paratvena — the verse's word "by being devoted to Him"; ānukūlena — means favorably disposed.
tat-paratvena — यह पद; ānukūlena — अर्थात् अनुकूल होना।
First he explains the word "tat-paratvena" from the verse. It means: being favorably disposed toward Him. So "devoted to Him" is being unpacked as a favorable, friendly turning toward the Lord.
'तत्परत्व' का अर्थ है (कृष्ण के प्रति) अनुकूल होना।
ānukūlya (favorableness) is the key technical mark of bhakti in this tradition: acting in a way that pleases the Lord, as against acting against His wishes (prātikūlya). Jīva reads the verse's tat-paratva as exactly this.
आनुकूल्य (अनुकूलता) इस सम्प्रदाय में भक्ति का मुख्य तकनीकी लक्षण है — भगवान् को प्रसन्न करने वाला आचरण, प्रातिकूल्य (उनकी इच्छा के विरुद्ध आचरण) के विपरीत। जीव श्लोक के 'तत्परत्व' को ठीक इसी अर्थ में पढ़ते हैं।
s2gloss
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
sarvathe verse's word "sarva" ("all," from sarvopādhi-vinirmuktam, "freed from all designations") — lemma quoted with iti; the pratīka'सर्व' (सर्वोपाधि...) पद
itithat is to say — quotation marker closing the lemmaइस प्रकार उद्धृत करते हुए
anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyammeans: being empty of any craving for anything else. the gloss; kept whole as a compoundअन्य की अभिलाषा से शून्य (रहित)
sarva iti — the verse's word "all"; anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam — means empty of craving for anything else.
sarva — 'सर्व' पद; iti — इस प्रकार उद्धृत; anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam — अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित।
Next he takes up the word "sarva" ("all") from the verse's "freed from all designations." It means being empty of any craving for something other than Him. So to be freed from "all" designations is to have no desire left for anything besides serving the Lord.
'सर्व' पद (सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त) का अर्थ है — अन्य किसी की अभिलाषा से रहित होना।
s3gloss
sevanam anuśīlanam |
sevanamthe verse's word "sevanam" ("serving") — lemma being glossed'सेवन' पद
anuśīlanammeans: loving cultivation (steady, active practice directed at Him). the gloss-wordअनुशीलन (निरन्तर सेवारूप अभ्यास)
sevanam — the verse's word "serving"; anuśīlanam — means loving cultivation.
sevanam — 'सेवन'; anuśīlanam — अनुशीलन।
Now the word "serving" (sevanam) from the verse. It means anuśīlana — loving cultivation. That is, a steady, active, cultivated practice aimed at the Lord, not just an occasional act.
'सेवन' का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
anuśīlana is Rūpa Gosvāmī's own headline term for bhakti (BRS 1.1.11: anuśīlanam). Here Jīva quietly equates the verse's sevana with that definition, so "serving" is read as the whole cultivated life of devotion.
अनुशीलन — रूप गोस्वामी का भक्ति के लिए दिया हुआ अपना प्रमुख शब्द है (भ.र.सि. १.१.११ : अनुशीलनम्)। जीव यहाँ चुपचाप श्लोक के 'सेवन' को उसी परिभाषा के बराबर रख देते हैं, जिससे 'सेवा' का अर्थ भक्ति के समूचे अनुशीलित जीवन के रूप में लिया जाता है।
s4gloss
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
nirmalamthe verse's word "nirmalam" ("unsullied," literally "stainless") — lemma being glossed'निर्मल' पद
jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtammeans: not covered over by jñāna, karma, and the rest. the gloss; compound kept whole (anāvṛta = un-covered)ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत (न ढका हुआ)
nirmalam — the verse's word "unsullied"; jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam — means not overlaid by jñāna, karma, and so on.
nirmalam — 'निर्मल'; jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam — ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
Then the word "unsullied" (nirmalam). It means not covered over by jñāna, karma, and the rest. Pure devotion is "unsullied" precisely when the path of knowledge and the path of ritual action are not laid over it, hiding it.
'निर्मल' का अर्थ है — ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत (अनाच्छादित)।
jñāna here = the knowledge-path aimed at liberation; karma = the path of prescribed ritual action. The point is not that these are bad, but that mixed in they "cover" (āvṛ-) bhakti; unmixed devotion is what "unsullied" names.
यहाँ ज्ञान = मोक्ष की ओर लक्षित ज्ञान-मार्ग; कर्म = विहित अनुष्ठान का मार्ग। बात यह नहीं कि ये बुरे हैं, अपितु मिल जाने पर ये भक्ति को ढँक (आवृ-) देते हैं; इसी अमिश्रित भक्ति को 'निर्मल' कहा गया है।
s5conclusion
ata uttamātvaṁ svata evoktam ||
ataḥand so, because of all this — ablatival connective drawing the conclusionइसलिए
uttamātvamits being the highest [kind of devotion] — abstract noun, the topicउत्तमता (श्रेष्ठता)
svataḥ evaof its very own accord, all by itself — eva: "precisely, on its own," with no outside help neededस्वयं ही, बिना किसी बाहरी सहारे के
uktamis what [Rūpa here] states. past passive participle; "is stated"कह दी गई है
ataḥ — and so, because of all this; uttamātvam — its being the highest; svataḥ eva — of its very own accord; uktam — is stated.
ataḥ — इसलिए; uttamātvam — उत्तमता; svataḥ eva — स्वयं ही; uktam — कह दी गई है।
He closes: and so, for these reasons, its supremacy is stated as belonging to it of its own accord. Because such devotion is favorable, free of other cravings, a full loving cultivation, and uncovered by jñāna and karma, it counts as the highest on its own terms — nothing outside it has to make it supreme. The four preceding glosses are the grounds; this is the conclusion drawn from them.
इसलिए (इस भक्ति की) उत्तमता स्वयं ही कह दी गई है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1avataranika
sarveti |
sarva itithe verse that begins with the word "sarva" (all) — he names it to say which line he is about to explain pratīka (catchword citing the verse by its opening word)'सर्व' इति — श्लोक को उसके आदि पद से उद्धृत करते हुए
sarva iti — [the verse beginning] "sarva…" [is now taken up].
sarva iti — 'सर्व' इस पद से (व्याख्या का आरम्भ)।
He picks up the verse by its first word, "sarva." This is just the catchword that flags which line he will now comment on. Nothing is being argued yet; he is only pointing to the text.
'सर्व' इस पद को लेकर (व्याख्या आरम्भ होती है)।
s2gloss
hṛṣīkeṇa indriyeṇa tat-paratvenānukūlyaṁ ca |
hṛṣīkeṇa"with the hṛṣīka" — the word in the verse he is now explaining instrumental (means): with the senseइन्द्रिय के द्वारा
indriyeṇameans "with the sense-organ" — that is what hṛṣīka stands for hereअर्थात् इन्द्रिय
tat-paratvenaand the phrase "by being devoted to Him" instrumental (manner)उसके प्रति तत्पर होने से
ānukūlyammeans being favorably disposed — turned toward pleasing Himअनुकूलता
ca"and" — joining this second gloss to the first: he is glossing two words in one breathऔर
hṛṣīkeṇa — [means] indriyeṇa (with the sense-organ); ca — and; tat-paratvena — [means] ānukūlyam (favorable disposition).
hṛṣīkeṇa — इन्द्रिय के द्वारा; indriyeṇa — अर्थात् इन्द्रिय; tat-paratvena — तत्परत्व से; ānukūlyam — अनुकूलता; ca — और।
He explains two words together. "With the hṛṣīka" simply means "with the sense-organ." And "by being devoted to Him" means being favorably disposed — set on what pleases the Lord. The little word "and" is just linking the two glosses he gives in the same line.
हृषीक अर्थात् इन्द्रिय के द्वारा; और तत्परत्व का अर्थ है अनुकूलता।
hṛṣīka: a word for the senses; hṛṣīkeśa (in the verse) is "lord of the senses," a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa. Here Viśvanātha only glosses the plain hṛṣīka = indriya (sense-organ), the instrument the service is done with.
हृषीक — इन्द्रिय का एक शब्द; श्लोक का हृषीकेश 'इन्द्रियों का स्वामी', विष्णु/कृष्ण का नाम है। यहाँ विश्वनाथ केवल सादे हृषीक = इन्द्रिय की व्याख्या करते हैं — वह साधन जिसके द्वारा सेवा की जाती है।
s3gloss
sarvety anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam |
sarva itithe word "sarva" (all) — as in "freed from all designations" (sarvopādhi-vinirmuktam) pratīka picking up the compound from the verse'सर्व' इस पद से
anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyammeans being empty of any craving for anything else — no wanting apart from Himअन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित
sarva iti — the word "all" [in "freed from all designations"]; anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam — [means] empty of any craving for anything else.
sarva iti — 'सर्व' पद; anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam — अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित।
Now the word "all," from "freed from all designations." It means being empty of every craving for anything other than the Lord. So "all designations" is read as: any desire outside of Him — and devotion is free of all of them.
'सर्व' पद का अर्थ है — अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित।
s4gloss
sevanam anuśīlanam |
sevanam"serving" — the word in the verse for what devotion doesसेवन
anuśīlanammeans loving cultivation — steady, caring practice directed at Himअनुशीलन
sevanam — [means] anuśīlanam (loving cultivation).
sevanam — सेवन; anuśīlanam — अनुशीलन।
"Serving" means anuśīlana — loving cultivation. It is not one act but the whole steady practice of tending to the Lord. So "serving Hṛṣīkeśa" is this ongoing, caring devotion.
'सेवन' का अर्थ है अनुशीलन।
anuśīlana: literally repeated, attentive practice/cultivation; here the technical word for devotional service as a continuous loving engagement, not a single act.
अनुशीलन — शब्दशः बार-बार, ध्यानपूर्वक किया जाने वाला अभ्यास या अनुशीलन; यहाँ भक्ति-सेवा के लिए तकनीकी शब्द है, जो एक निरन्तर प्रेममयी संलग्नता है, न कि कोई एकल क्रिया।
s5gloss
nirmalaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam |
nirmalam"unsullied" — the word describing this servingनिर्मल
jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtammeans not covered over by jñāna, karma, and the rest — nothing of those is laid on top of itज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत
nirmalam — [means] jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam (not overlaid by jñāna, karma, and the rest).
nirmalam — निर्मल; jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam — ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
"Unsullied" means not covered over by jñāna, karma, and the like. Pure devotion has none of those mixed into it. When knowledge-for-liberation or ritual action is layered on top, it is no longer clean; here it stands free of them.
'निर्मल' का अर्थ है — ज्ञान, कर्म आदि से अनावृत।
jñāna: the path of knowledge aimed at liberation; karma: the path of prescribed ritual action. In this tradition, mixed in with devotion they "cover" it; devotion is called unsullied precisely because they are absent.
ज्ञान — मोक्ष की ओर लक्षित ज्ञान-मार्ग; कर्म — विहित अनुष्ठान का मार्ग। इस सम्प्रदाय में भक्ति के साथ मिल जाने पर ये उसे ढँक देते हैं; इन्हीं के अभाव के कारण भक्ति 'निर्मल' कही जाती है।
s6conclusion
ata uttamātvaṁ svata eva vyaktam ||
ataḥtherefore — because devotion is free of other cravings and of jñāna, karma, and the rest ablative of reason drawing the conclusionइसलिए
uttamātvamits being the highest — its supremacy over other pathsउत्तमता
svataḥon its own — from itself, not borrowed from anything else ablative: of its own accordअपने आप से
evaprecisely / just — stressing that it is by itself, needing nothing addedही
vyaktamstands plain — is clearly shown, evidentप्रकट है (व्यक्त है)
ataḥ — therefore; uttamātvam — its being the highest; svataḥ eva — of its very own accord; vyaktam — stands plain.
ataḥ — इसलिए; uttamātvam — उत्तमता; svataḥ — अपने आप से; eva — ही; vyaktam — प्रकट है।
So the point falls out on its own. Because this devotion is free of every other craving and is not overlaid by jñāna, karma, and the rest, its being the highest is clear by itself. Nothing external has to prop it up — its supremacy shows plainly from what it already is.
इसलिए (इस भक्ति की) उत्तमता स्वतः ही प्रकट है।
Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī
s1gloss
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ sakala-bhedāvaraṇa-pariśūnyaṁ kṛṣṇetarānyābhilāṣitā-varjitaṁ tat-paratvena kṛṣṇa-sevaika-tātparyeṇa ānukūlyena nirmalaṁ karmāvaraṇa-jñāna-vimohanādi-upādhi-rūpa-mala-nirmuktaṁ hṛṣīkeṇa sevonmukhendriya-dvārā hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ sarvendriyādhipasya viṣṇor anuśīlanaṁ eva bhaktir ucyate kathyate (anubhāṣya 2.19.170) ||
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ"freed from all designations" — this is the verse-word he now unpacks lemma quoted from the verse (accusative, describing bhakti)'सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त' पद
sakala-bhedāvaraṇa-pariśūnyaṁmeaning: completely empty of every covering that makes for separateness first appositive gloss of the lemmaसमस्त भेद-रूपी आवरण से सर्वथा रहित
kṛṣṇetarānyābhilāṣitā-varjitaṁand free of any craving for anything other than Kṛṣṇa second appositive gloss; itara + anya-abhilāṣitā = wanting what is other-than-Himकृष्ण से भिन्न अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित
tat-paratvena"by being devoted to Him" — the next verse-word lemma quoted (instrumental)'तत्परत्वेन' पद
kṛṣṇa-sevaika-tātparyeṇathat is, because one's whole aim is fixed on serving Kṛṣṇa alone instrumental of means, glossing tat-paratvena; eka = alone/singleकेवल कृष्ण-सेवा में ही तात्पर्य (लक्ष्य) होने के कारण
ānukūlyenain a favorable spirit instrumental; the standard gloss of tat-paratva as favorablenessअनुकूलता के भाव से
nirmalaṁ"unsullied" — the next verse-word lemma quoted (accusative)'निर्मल' पद
karmāvaraṇa-jñāna-vimohanādi-upādhi-rūpa-mala-nirmuktaṁmeaning: freed from the taint — the taint being those designations, such as the covering of karma and the deluding of jñāna appositive gloss of nirmalam; the whole compound resolves 'the stain that takes the form of upādhis'कर्म का आवरण एवं ज्ञान का विमोहन आदि उपाधि-रूपी मल से मुक्त
hṛṣīkeṇa"with the senses" — the next verse-word lemma quoted (instrumental)'हृषीक' पद
sevonmukhendriya-dvārāthat is, by means of the sense-organs turned toward service instrumental of means, glossing hṛṣīkeṇa; unmukha = facing/turned-towardसेवा के प्रति उन्मुख (अभिमुख) इन्द्रिय के द्वारा
hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ"the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa" — the verse's key phrase lemma quoted (accusative), the subject being defined'हृषीकेश-सेवन' पद
sarvendriyādhipasya viṣṇor anuśīlanaṁthat is, the loving cultivation of Viṣṇu, who is master of all the senses genitives (viṣṇoḥ, whose the anuśīlana is); Hṛṣīkeśa spelled out as 'lord of the senses'समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन
evaprecisely this — and nothing else restrictive particle: it is just this that gets the nameही
bhaktiris what "devotion" the verse-word being defined (nominative, subject)भक्ति
ucyate kathyate"is called" — that is, is declared to be passive verb of the verse (ucyate), re-glossed by a plainer synonym (kathyate)कही जाती है (उच्यते) — अर्थात् कही जाती है (कथ्यते)
(anubhāṣya 2.19.170)[the source's own reference-marker, given here verbatim] editorial citation tag, not part of the sentence(अनुभाष्य २.१९.१७०) — सम्पादकीय सन्दर्भ-चिह्न, वाक्य का अंग नहीं
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktam — "freed from all designations," i.e. sakala-bhedāvaraṇa-pariśūnyam — empty of every covering that makes for separateness, kṛṣṇetarānyābhilāṣitā-varjitam — free of craving for anything other than Kṛṣṇa; tat-paratvena — "by being devoted to Him," i.e. kṛṣṇa-sevaika-tātparyeṇa ānukūlyena — because one's whole aim is on serving Kṛṣṇa alone, favorably; nirmalam — "unsullied," i.e. karmāvaraṇa-jñāna-vimohanādi-upādhi-rūpa-mala-nirmuktam — freed from the taint that consists of designations like the covering of karma and the deluding of jñāna; hṛṣīkeṇa — "with the senses," i.e. sevonmukhendriya-dvārā — by the sense-organs turned toward service; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanam — "the serving of Hṛṣīkeśa," i.e. sarvendriyādhipasya viṣṇoḥ anuśīlanam — the loving cultivation of Viṣṇu, master of all the senses; eva — precisely this; bhaktiḥ ucyate kathyate — is called, is declared to be, devotion.
sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṁ — समस्त भेद-रूपी आवरण से सर्वथा रहित, अर्थात् कृष्ण से भिन्न अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित; tat-paratvena — केवल कृष्ण-सेवा में ही तात्पर्य होने के कारण, अर्थात् अनुकूलता के भाव से; nirmalaṁ — कर्म का आवरण, ज्ञान का विमोहन आदि उपाधि-रूपी मल से मुक्त; hṛṣīkeṇa — सेवा के प्रति उन्मुख इन्द्रिय के द्वारा; hṛṣīkeśa-sevanaṁ — समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन — यही भक्ति कही जाती है।
This is the Siddhānta gloss, and it reads the whole verse straight through, quoting each word and expanding it. "Freed from all designations" — it means fully emptied of every covering that makes the soul seem separate, and stripped of any wanting for anything other than Kṛṣṇa. "By being devoted to Him" — it means that your whole aim rests on serving Kṛṣṇa alone, in a favorable spirit. "Unsullied" — it means freed of the stain; and the stain is just those designations, like the covering of karma and the confusing pull of jñāna. "With the senses" — it means by using the sense-organs once they are turned toward service. "The serving of Hṛṣīkeśa" — Hṛṣīkeśa is Viṣṇu, the master of all the senses, so this means the loving cultivation of Viṣṇu. And this, precisely this, is what is called devotion — that is, declared to be devotion. The tag (anubhāṣya 2.19.170) is the source's own reference and is kept as it stands.
'सर्वोपाधि-विनिर्मुक्त' का अर्थ है — समस्त भेद-रूपी आवरण से सर्वथा रहित, अर्थात् कृष्ण से भिन्न अन्य की अभिलाषा से रहित; 'तत्परत्वेन' का अर्थ है — केवल कृष्ण-सेवा में ही तात्पर्य होने के कारण, अर्थात् अनुकूलता के भाव से; 'निर्मल' का अर्थ है — कर्म का आवरण, ज्ञान का विमोहन आदि उपाधि-रूपी मल से मुक्त; 'हृषीक' अर्थात् सेवा के प्रति उन्मुख इन्द्रिय के द्वारा; 'हृषीकेश-सेवन' अर्थात् समस्त इन्द्रियों के अधिपति विष्णु का अनुशीलन — यही भक्ति कही जाती है (अनुभाष्य २.१९.१७०)।
upādhi: in Advaita and Nyāya a "limiting adjunct" — an outside conditioning attribute that seems to qualify a thing without being part of what it truly is (the way a red flower makes a clear crystal look red). Here the upādhis are self-conceptions and worldly labels foreign to the soul — the very things bhakti is "freed from."
उपाधि — अद्वैत और न्याय में 'अवच्छेदक', ऊपर से लगा हुआ लक्षण, जो किसी वस्तु का सच्चा अंग न होते हुए भी उसे विशेषित करता-सा दिखता है (जैसे लाल फूल स्वच्छ स्फटिक को लाल दिखा देता है)। यहाँ उपाधियाँ आत्मा से बाहरी आत्म-भाव और सांसारिक विशेषण हैं — वही, जिनसे भक्ति 'विनिर्मुक्त' है।