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Commentary
JīvaViśvanātha
UN 13.79
āśliṣya vā pāda-ratāṁ pinaṣṭu mām
adarśanān marma-hatāṁ karotu vā |
yathā tathā vā vidadhātu lampaṭo
mat-prāṇa-nāthas tu sa eva nāparaḥ ||quoted · padyāvalyām
The verse — decoded
L1example
āśliṣya vā pāda-ratāṁ pinaṣṭu mām
āśliṣyalet him embrace [me] gerund feeding pinaṣṭu — the first of the ways she leaves to him; paired with the next by vāआलिंगन करके
vāeither — or [what follows]अथवा (चाहे)
pāda-ratāṁme, who cling devoted at his feet accusative fem.; pāda-rata = 'fixed at [his] feet', object of pinaṣṭu (and of karotu in L2)अपने चरणों में लगी हुई मुझको
pinaṣṭuand crush [me] [in that embrace] imperative — she grants him leave; √piṣ = 'grind, press', the crushing of a fierce embraceभले ही कस कर मसल डाले
māmmeमुझको
pāda-ratāṁ mām — me, clinging at his feet; āśliṣya — let him embrace and; pinaṣṭu — crush me; vā — [this is one option].
āśliṣya — आलिंगन करके; vā — अथवा; pāda-ratāṁ — चरणों में अनुरक्त मुझको; pinaṣṭu — भले पीस डाले; mām — मुझे
One way, offered with an 'either': let him take me — me who cling to his feet — into his arms and crush me in that embrace.
चाहे वह मुझे, जो उसके चरणों में लगी पड़ी हूँ, गले लगाकर कस कर भींच डाले।
An udāharaṇa (illustrative verse, Padyāvalī 337) of mati — 'resolve', the settled conviction born of reflection — a vyabhicāri-bhāva of prakaraṇa 13; the lead-in reads 'atha matiḥ' ('now, mati'). Both Jīva and Viśvanātha give its lakṣaṇa as vicārottham artha-nirdhāraṇam, 'an ascertaining of a matter that arises from deliberation' (BRS 2.4.140-1). The verse, famously recited by Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu, voices a Vraja-gopī's unshakable resolve that Kṛṣṇa alone is the lord of her life, however he treats her.
यह मति का उदाहरण-श्लोक है (पद्यावली 337) — मति अर्थात् विचार से उत्पन्न दृढ़ निश्चय, जो प्रकरण 13 का एक व्यभिचारी-भाव है; अवतरणिका 'अथ मतिः' से आरम्भ होती है। जीव और विश्वनाथ दोनों इसका लक्षण 'विचार से उत्पन्न अर्थ-निश्चय' बताते हैं (भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु 2.4.140-1)। श्रीचैतन्य महाप्रभु द्वारा प्रायः उच्चारित यह श्लोक किसी व्रज-गोपी का अटल निश्चय व्यक्त करता है कि कृष्ण चाहे उसके साथ कैसा भी बर्ताव करें, वही उसके प्राणों का स्वामी है।
L2example
adarśanān marma-hatāṁ karotu vā |
adarśanātby never showing himself ablative of cause; Viśvanātha (s7-8) reads it as an elided gerund 'adarśanaṁ pradāya', 'having given [me] his absence'दर्शन न देने के कारण (अपना अदर्शन देकर)
marma-hatāṁstruck to the core, heart-broken acc. fem., predicate of karotu; marman = the tender vital spotमर्मस्थल पर आहत
karotulet him make me [so]कर दे
vāor [the second way]अथवा
adarśanāt — by staying out of sight; mām marma-hatāṁ karotu — let him leave me struck to the core; vā — or [this second way].
adarśanāt — दर्शन न देने के कारण; marma-hatāṁ — मर्म पर चोट खाई हुई; karotu — कर दे; vā — अथवा
Or the second way: by never letting me see him, let him break my heart. Embrace or absence — she leaves both to him.
अथवा दर्शन न देकर मुझे मर्म पर आहत कर दे।
L3example
yathā tathā vā vidadhātu lampaṭo
yathā tathā vāor in whatever way [he likes] the third, open-ended option — 'somehow or other'जैसे-तैसे, चाहे जिस प्रकार से
vidadhātulet him do [as he pleases]बर्ताव करे
lampaṭothe rake, the wanton one nominative, the subject throughout — she calls her own lover a lampaṭaवह लम्पट (कामी)
lampaṭaḥ — the rake; yathā tathā vā — in whatever way; vidadhātu — let him do.
yathā tathā vā — जैसे-तैसे; vidadhātu — वैसा करे; lampaṭo — वह लम्पट
Or, third and widest: let the rake do with me whatever he will. She even names him 'lampaṭa', a wanton philanderer — and still leaves him free.
अथवा वह लम्पट जैसे चाहे वैसा बर्ताव कर ले।
L4example
mat-prāṇa-nāthas tu sa eva nāparaḥ ||
mat-prāṇa-nāthasthe lord of my life-breathमेरे प्राणों का स्वामी
tubut — [whatever he does,] stillपरन्तु
sa evahe alone eva excludes everyone else (anya-yoga-vyavaccheda)वही
na aparaḥand no other also splittable as 'nā paraḥ', 'he is the Man, the supreme one' — Viśvanātha weighs both splits in s14और कोई नहीं (अथवा 'ना परः' — वह पुरुष, वह परम)
tu — yet; sa eva — he alone; mat-prāṇa-nāthaḥ — is the lord of my life; na aparaḥ — none other.
mat-prāṇa-nāthas — मेरे प्राणों का नाथ; tu — परन्तु; sa eva — वही; na aparaḥ — और कोई नहीं (अथवा 'ना परः')
But — do what he will — he alone is the lord of my life, no one else. That is the mati, the settled conviction the whole verse drives at.
परन्तु मेरे प्राणों का स्वामी वही है, और कोई नहीं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1definition
matir vicārottham artha-nirdhāraṇam |
matiḥmati [is] the term being definedमति (यही पद जिसका लक्षण किया जा रहा है)
vicāra-utthamarising from deliberation vicāra = weighing, reflection; uttha = 'sprung from'विचार से उत्पन्न
artha-nirdhāraṇama settling of the matter — ascertaining what a thing isअर्थ का निश्चय
matiḥ — mati; vicāra-uttham — arisen from deliberation; artha-nirdhāraṇam — [is] the settling of a matter.
matiḥ — मति; vicāra-uttham — विचार से उठा हुआ; artha-nirdhāraṇam — अर्थ का निर्धारण
Jīva's definition: mati is the ascertaining of a matter that comes out of deliberation. Not a passing feeling — a conclusion reasoned to.
मति वह है जो विचार से उत्पन्न होकर किसी अर्थ का निश्चय करती है।
s2avataranika
kāpi sakhī kasyāścit śrī-kṛṣṇa-preyasyāḥ sattva-parīkṣārtham evam uktavatī |
kā api sakhīsome girlfriendकोई सखी
kasyāḥ-cit śrī-kṛṣṇa-preyasyāḥof one of Kṛṣṇa's beloveds genitive — whose steadfastness is to be testedकिसी श्रीकृष्ण-प्रेयसी की
sattva-parīkṣā-arthamin order to test her inner strength sattva = steadfast character; parīkṣā = a test; artham = 'for the sake of'उसके सत्त्व (दृढ़ता) की परीक्षा के लिए
evam uktavatīspoke as followsइस प्रकार कह उठी
kā api sakhī — some sakhī; kasyāḥ-cit śrī-kṛṣṇa-preyasyāḥ sattva-parīkṣā-artham — to test the steadfastness of one of Kṛṣṇa's beloveds; evam uktavatī — spoke thus.
kā api sakhī — कोई सखी; kasyāḥ-cit śrī-kṛṣṇa-preyasyāḥ — किसी कृष्ण-प्रेयसी की; sattva-parīkṣā-artham — दृढ़ता की परीक्षा के लिए; evam uktavatī — यों बोली
Jīva sets the scene. Some sakhī, wanting to test how firm one of Kṛṣṇa's beloveds really is, speaks to her — and here is what she says.
किसी सखी ने किसी श्रीकृष्ण-प्रेयसी के सत्त्व की परीक्षा लेने के लिए यह वचन कहा।
s3avataranika
sa khalu taruṇa-vayās tava nava-vayaskāyā jātu sukha-dāyī dṛśyate tathāpi tad-ekānuraktāṁ tvām upadiśāmi tad-anurāgaṁ tyajeti |
sa khalu taruṇa-vayāḥhe, after all, is a young man [and so flighty] khalu concedes the point; taruṇa-vayas = of youthful ageवह तो निःसन्देह तरुण अवस्था वाला है
tava nava-vayaskāyāḥfor you, who are so young yourself genitive; nava-vayaska = of fresh, tender ageतुझ नवयुवती के लिए
jātu sukha-dāyī dṛśyateis he ever really seen to bring you happiness? jātu = 'ever', carrying an implied 'no'कभी सुखदायी दिखाई नहीं देता
tathā apiand yetफिर भी
tad-eka-anuraktāṁ tvāmyou, attached to him aloneउसी में एकनिष्ठ अनुरक्त तुझको
upadiśāmiI advise youउपदेश देती हूँ
tad-anurāgaṁ tyaja iti'give up your love for him' — so [she says]उसका अनुराग छोड़ दे — ऐसा
sa khalu taruṇa-vayāḥ — he is a young man; tava nava-vayaskāyāḥ jātu sukha-dāyī dṛśyate — is he ever seen to give happiness to you, so young?; tathā api tad-eka-anuraktāṁ tvām upadiśāmi — yet, you being attached to him alone, I advise you; tad-anurāgaṁ tyaja iti — 'drop your love for him'.
sa khalu taruṇa-vayāḥ — वह तो तरुण; tava nava-vayaskāyāḥ — तुझ नवयुवती के लिए; jātu sukha-dāyī dṛśyate — कभी सुखदायी नहीं दिखता; tathā api — फिर भी; tad-eka-anuraktāṁ tvām — उसी में अनुरक्त तुझे; upadiśāmi — समझाती हूँ; tad-anurāgaṁ tyaja iti — उसका अनुराग छोड़
The sakhī's testing speech, as Jīva reconstructs it: 'He's a flighty young man — has he ever really made you happy, young as you are? Even so you cling to him alone. Take my advice — give up loving him.' She is baiting her to see if she'll waver.
वह तो तरुण है और तुझ नवयुवती को कभी सुख देता नहीं दिखता; फिर भी तू उसी में एकनिष्ठ अनुरक्त है, इसलिए तुझे समझाती हूँ — उसका अनुराग छोड़ दे।
s4avataranika
tatrāha—āśliṣyeti |
tatrato that [testing]उस पर (इस विषय में)
āhashe [the beloved] repliesकहती है
āśliṣya itiwith the verse 'āśliṣya...''आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि (यह श्लोक)
tatra — to that; āha — she answers; āśliṣya iti — [with] the verse 'āśliṣya'.
tatra — उस पर; āha — कहती है; āśliṣya iti — 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि
In answer to that test, the beloved speaks the verse 'āśliṣya...'. Her reply is her mati — her fixed resolve.
इस पर वह 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि श्लोक कहती है।
s5gloss
pāda-ratām iti tu tyāga-bhayād dainyoktiḥ ||
pāda-ratām iti tuthe word 'pāda-ratām' ('devoted at his feet'), however'पादरताम्' यह पद तो
tyāga-bhayātout of fear he might cast her off ablative of causeत्याग के भय से
dainya-uktiḥis a word of humble self-abasement dainya = wretched humilityदीनता का वचन है
pāda-ratām iti tu — as for 'pāda-ratām'; tyāga-bhayāt — from fear of being abandoned; dainya-uktiḥ — [it is] an utterance of humility.
pāda-ratām iti tu — 'पादरताम्' पद तो; tyāga-bhayāt — त्याग के भय से; dainya-uktiḥ — दीनता-वचन
Jīva picks out one word. When she calls herself 'pāda-ratā', clinging at his feet, that is humble self-abasement — spoken out of fear that he might reject her. Even her boldness is laced with humility.
'पादरताम्' यह पद तो त्याग के भय से कहा गया दीनता का वचन है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1definition
matir vicārottham artha-nirdhāraṇam |
matiḥmati [is] the term being definedमति (यही पद जिसका लक्षण किया जा रहा है)
vicāra-utthamarising from deliberationविचार से उत्पन्न
artha-nirdhāraṇamthe settling of a matterअर्थ का निश्चय
matiḥ — mati; vicāra-uttham — arisen from deliberation; artha-nirdhāraṇam — [is] the settling of a matter.
matiḥ — मति; vicāra-uttham — विचार से उठा हुआ; artha-nirdhāraṇam — अर्थ का निर्धारण
Viśvanātha opens with the same definition, word for word as Jīva: mati is the ascertaining of a matter that arises from deliberation.
मति वह है जो विचार से उत्पन्न होकर किसी अर्थ का निश्चय करती है।
s2avataranika
kadācin māthura-viraha-vyathā-viśīrṇāṅgīṁ śrī-rādhām ālokya paurṇamāsī snehenopadideśa—vatse ! śrī-bhagavato nārāyaṇasya pūjā-paricaryā-japa-stuty-ādikaṁ tvām aham upadiśāmi |
kadācitonceकिसी समय
māthura-viraha-vyathā-viśīrṇa-aṅgīṁher limbs wasted by the grief of the Mathurā-separation bahuvrīhi describing Rādhā; māthura-viraha = the parting when Kṛṣṇa left for Mathurāमथुरा-विरह की व्यथा से जिसका अंग क्षीण हो गया है, ऐसी
śrī-rādhām ālokyaseeing Śrī Rādhāश्रीराधा को देखकर
paurṇamāsīPaurṇamāsīपौर्णमासी ने
snehenaout of affection instrumental of motiveस्नेहवश
upadideśagave [this] adviceउपदेश दिया
vatse!'Child!'हे वत्से!
śrī-bhagavataḥ nārāyaṇasyaof Lord Nārāyaṇa genitive governing the whole list that followsश्रीभगवान् नारायण की
pūjā-paricaryā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁworship, service, japa, praise and the restपूजा, परिचर्या, जप, स्तुति आदि
tvām aham upadiśāmiI instruct you [in these]तुझको मैं उपदेश देती हूँ
kadācit māthura-viraha-vyathā-viśīrṇa-aṅgīṁ śrī-rādhām ālokya — once, seeing Śrī Rādhā, her body wasted by the grief of Mathurā-separation; paurṇamāsī snehena upadideśa — Paurṇamāsī, out of affection, advised her; vatse! śrī-bhagavataḥ nārāyaṇasya pūjā-paricaryā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁ tvām aham upadiśāmi — 'Child, I instruct you in Lord Nārāyaṇa's worship, service, japa, praise and so on'.
kadācit — किसी समय; māthura-viraha-vyathā-viśīrṇa-aṅgīṁ — विरह-व्यथा से क्षीण-अंग; śrī-rādhām ālokya — राधा को देखकर; paurṇamāsī — पौर्णमासी; snehena — स्नेहवश; upadideśa — उपदेश दिया; vatse! — हे वत्से!; śrī-bhagavataḥ nārāyaṇasya — नारायण की; pūjā-paricaryā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁ — पूजा-जप आदि; tvām aham upadiśāmi — तुझे उपदेश देती हूँ
Viśvanātha frames the verse with a whole scene. Rādhā is wasting away in grief after Kṛṣṇa has left for Mathurā. Paurṇamāsī sees her and, out of love, counsels her: 'Child, let me teach you the worship, service, japa and praise of Lord Nārāyaṇa.'
किसी समय मथुरा-विरह की व्यथा से जिसका अंग क्षीण हो गया था, ऐसी श्रीराधा को देखकर पौर्णमासी ने स्नेहवश उपदेश दिया — हे वत्से! मैं तुझे श्रीभगवान् नारायण की पूजा, परिचर्या, जप, स्तुति आदि का उपदेश देती हूँ।
s3avataranika
tatraiva sva-mano nimajjya dustaraṁ samayam imaṁ yāpaya yāvac chrī-kṛṣṇāgamanam upāyo’yaṁ loka-dvaya-sukhada eveti tvaṁ nārāyaṇa-bhaktā bhaveti |
tatra eva sva-manaḥ nimajjyasink your mind into that very worshipउसी में अपने मन को डुबाकर
dustaraṁ samayam imaṁ yāpayaand so pass this hard-to-cross timeइस दुस्तर समय को बिता दे
yāvat śrī-kṛṣṇa-āgamanamuntil Kṛṣṇa comes backजब तक श्रीकृष्ण का आगमन न हो
upāyaḥ ayaṁ loka-dvaya-sukhadaḥ eva itithis is a means that brings happiness in both worldsयह उपाय दोनों लोकों में सुख देने वाला ही है — ऐसा
tvaṁ nārāyaṇa-bhaktā bhava itiso become a devotee of Nārāyaṇaतू नारायण की भक्त बन जा — ऐसा
tatra eva sva-manaḥ nimajjya — immersing your mind in that; dustaraṁ samayam imaṁ yāpaya yāvat śrī-kṛṣṇa-āgamanam — pass this hard time until Kṛṣṇa returns; upāyaḥ ayaṁ loka-dvaya-sukhadaḥ eva — this means gives joy in both worlds; iti tvaṁ nārāyaṇa-bhaktā bhava — so, become Nārāyaṇa's devotee.
tatra eva sva-manaḥ nimajjya — उसी में मन डुबाकर; dustaraṁ samayam imaṁ yāpaya — इस कठिन समय को बिता; yāvat śrī-kṛṣṇa-āgamanam — कृष्ण के आने तक; upāyaḥ ayaṁ loka-dvaya-sukhadaḥ eva iti — यह उपाय दोनों लोकों में सुखद है; tvaṁ nārāyaṇa-bhaktā bhava iti — तू नारायण-भक्त बन
Paurṇamāsī goes on: 'Lose your mind in that worship and get through this unbearable stretch until Kṛṣṇa returns. It will bring you happiness in this world and the next — so become a devotee of Nārāyaṇa.'
उसी में अपना मन डुबाकर, जब तक श्रीकृष्ण न आएँ इस दुस्तर समय को बिता दे। यह उपाय इस लोक और परलोक — दोनों में सुख देने वाला ही है; इसलिए तू नारायण की भक्त बन जा।
s4reply
tatas tāṁ prati śrī-rādhāha—he bhagavati ! evaṁ cet sarvajñasya gargasyokti-prāmāṇyena nārāyaṇa-samasya śrī-kṛṣṇasyaiva pūjā-jap-stuty-ādikaṁ kathaṁ māṁ nopadiśasi ? tataś ca mayā tenaiva prakāreṇārādhito’sau prādurbhūya sva-darśanaṁ me dāsyatīti |
tataḥ tāṁ prati śrī-rādhā āhathen Śrī Rādhā answers herतब उससे श्रीराधा कहती हैं
he bhagavati!'O reverend lady!'हे भगवति!
evaṁ cetif that is soयदि ऐसा है
sarvajñasya gargasya ukti-prāmāṇyenaon the authority of all-knowing Garga's word instrumental; Garga declared Kṛṣṇa the equal of Nārāyaṇaसर्वज्ञ गर्ग के वचन के प्रमाण से
nārāyaṇa-samasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya evaof Śrī Kṛṣṇa himself, who is Nārāyaṇa's equalनारायण के समान श्रीकृष्ण की ही
pūjā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁthe worship, japa, praise and so onपूजा, जप, स्तुति आदि
kathaṁ māṁ na upadiśasi?why do you not teach me [that] instead?मुझको क्यों नहीं उपदेश देतीं?
tataḥ caand thenऔर तब
mayā tena eva prakāreṇa ārādhitaḥ asauworshiped by me in that very way, heमेरे द्वारा उसी प्रकार से आराधित होकर वह
prādurbhūyawould appearप्रकट होकर
sva-darśanaṁ me dāsyati itiand grant me the sight of himselfमुझको अपना दर्शन देंगे — ऐसा
tataḥ tāṁ prati śrī-rādhā āha — then Rādhā says to her; he bhagavati, evaṁ cet — 'Reverend lady, if so; sarvajñasya gargasya ukti-prāmāṇyena nārāyaṇa-samasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya eva pūjā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁ kathaṁ māṁ na upadiśasi — why, on all-knowing Garga's authority that Kṛṣṇa equals Nārāyaṇa, do you not teach me the worship of Kṛṣṇa himself?; tataḥ ca mayā tena eva prakāreṇa ārādhitaḥ asau prādurbhūya sva-darśanaṁ me dāsyati — then, worshiped by me that way, he would appear and give me his sight'.
tataḥ tāṁ prati śrī-rādhā āha — तब उससे राधा कहती हैं; he bhagavati! — हे भगवति!; evaṁ cet — यदि ऐसा है; sarvajñasya gargasya ukti-prāmāṇyena — गर्ग के वचन-प्रमाण से; nārāyaṇa-samasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya eva — नारायण-समान कृष्ण की ही; pūjā-japa-stuti-ādikaṁ — पूजा-जप आदि; kathaṁ māṁ na upadiśasi? — मुझे क्यों नहीं बतातीं; tataḥ ca — और तब; mayā tena eva prakāreṇa ārādhitaḥ asau — उसी प्रकार आराधित वह; prādurbhūya — प्रकट होकर; sva-darśanaṁ me dāsyati iti — दर्शन देंगे
Rādhā turns it back on her: 'Reverend lady, if worship is the cure — then since all-knowing Garga himself said Kṛṣṇa is Nārāyaṇa's equal, why not teach me to worship Kṛṣṇa? Worshiped that way, he would appear to me and let me see him.' She accepts the method but insists on Kṛṣṇa as its object.
तब राधा उससे कहती हैं — हे भगवति! यदि ऐसा है, तो सर्वज्ञ गर्ग के वचन-प्रमाण से नारायण के समान श्रीकृष्ण की ही पूजा, जप, स्तुति आदि का उपदेश मुझे क्यों नहीं देतीं? और फिर, उसी प्रकार से मेरे द्वारा आराधित होकर वे प्रकट होकर मुझको अपना दर्शन देंगे।
s5objection
nanu sa svīya-svabhāvaṁ tyaktum asamarthaḥ punar api te viraha-duḥkhaṁ dāsyatīti cet, tatrāha—āśliṣyeti |
nanubut surely — one may objectयदि यह कहो कि
sa svīya-svabhāvaṁ tyaktum asamarthaḥhe cannot give up his own [fickle] natureवह अपने स्वभाव को छोड़ने में असमर्थ है
punar api te viraha-duḥkhaṁ dāsyatiand will only hand you separation's grief all over again punar api = 'yet again'फिर भी तुझको विरह का दुःख देगा
iti cetif you argue thusयदि ऐसा कहो
tatra āhato that she repliesउस पर कहती है
āśliṣya itiwith 'āśliṣya...''आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि
nanu sa svīya-svabhāvaṁ tyaktum asamarthaḥ punar api te viraha-duḥkhaṁ dāsyati iti cet — 'but he can't shed his own nature and will just give you separation-pain again' — if so; tatra āha āśliṣya iti — to that she speaks the verse 'āśliṣya'.
nanu — यदि कहो; sa svīya-svabhāvaṁ tyaktum asamarthaḥ — वह स्वभाव छोड़ने में असमर्थ; punar api te viraha-duḥkhaṁ dāsyati — फिर भी विरह-दुःख देगा; iti cet — यदि ऐसा; tatra āha — उस पर कहती है; āśliṣya iti — 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि
Now the objection: 'But Kṛṣṇa can't change his wanton nature — worship him and he'll only leave you heartbroken in separation once more.' To this, Rādhā answers with the verse.
यदि यह कहो कि वह तो अपना स्वभाव छोड़ने में असमर्थ है और फिर भी तुझको विरह का दुःख देगा — तो इस पर वह 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि कहती है।
s6gloss
pāda-ratāṁ caraṇayoḥ patitāṁ mām āśliṣya sva-hastābhyāṁ dhṛtvā utthāpayan sva-vakṣasi nidhāya sva-bāhubhyāṁ pinaṣṭu atigāḍhatarāliṅganenānanda-samudre nimajjayatu |
pāda-ratāṁ caraṇayoḥ patitāṁ mām'pāda-ratāṁ' = me, fallen at his two feetचरणों में गिरी हुई, पादरता मुझको
āśliṣyaembracing [me]आलिंगन करके
sva-hastābhyāṁ dhṛtvācatching me in his two handsअपने दोनों हाथों से पकड़कर
utthāpayanlifting me upउठाते हुए
sva-vakṣasi nidhāyasetting me on his chestअपने वक्ष पर रखकर
sva-bāhubhyāṁ pinaṣṭulet him crush me with his two armsअपनी दोनों भुजाओं से पीस दे
atigāḍha-tara-āliṅganenaby an ever-tighter embrace instrumental of means; -tara = 'tighter and tighter'अधिकाधिक कसे हुए आलिंगन के द्वारा
ānanda-samudre nimajjayatulet him plunge me into an ocean of blissआनन्द के समुद्र में डुबा दे
pāda-ratāṁ caraṇayoḥ patitāṁ mām āśliṣya — embracing me who am fallen at his feet; sva-hastābhyāṁ dhṛtvā utthāpayan sva-vakṣasi nidhāya — taking me in his hands, raising me, laying me on his chest; sva-bāhubhyāṁ pinaṣṭu — let him crush me with his arms; atigāḍha-tara-āliṅganena ānanda-samudre nimajjayatu — by a tighter and tighter embrace, let him drown me in an ocean of joy.
pāda-ratāṁ caraṇayoḥ patitāṁ mām — चरणों में गिरी मुझे; āśliṣya — आलिंगन कर; sva-hastābhyāṁ dhṛtvā — दोनों हाथों से पकड़; utthāpayan — उठाते हुए; sva-vakṣasi nidhāya — वक्ष पर रख; sva-bāhubhyāṁ pinaṣṭu — भुजाओं से पीसे; atigāḍha-tara-āliṅganena — कसे आलिंगन से; ānanda-samudre nimajjayatu — आनन्द-समुद्र में डुबा दे
Viśvanātha unpacks the first option in loving slow motion. 'Crush me' means: he catches me — fallen at his feet — in his hands, lifts me, draws me to his chest, and in an ever-tighter embrace drowns me in an ocean of bliss.
उसके चरणों में गिरी हुई, पादरता मुझको आलिंगन करके, अपने दोनों हाथों से पकड़कर उठाते हुए, अपने वक्ष पर रखकर, अपनी दोनों भुजाओं से पीस दे — अर्थात् अधिकाधिक कसे हुए आलिंगन से मुझे आनन्द के समुद्र में डुबा दे।
s7gloss
kiṁ vā tadaivādarśanaṁ pradāya |
kiṁ vāor elseअथवा
tadā evaat that very momentउसी समय
adarśanaṁ pradāyaby giving [me] his absence — hiding himselfअपना अदर्शन देकर
kiṁ vā tadā eva adarśanaṁ pradāya — or else, right then, by withholding his sight.
kiṁ vā — अथवा; tadā eva — उसी समय; adarśanaṁ pradāya — अदर्शन देकर
Or the opposite. Right then, instead, let him hide himself and give me nothing but his absence — and (next line) break my heart with it.
अथवा उसी समय अपना अदर्शन देकर (मुझे मर्माहत कर दे)।
s8gloss
lyab-lope pañcamī |
lyab-lopewhen the gerund-ending (lyap) is dropped locative absolute — 'once lyap is elided'ल्यप् का लोप होने पर
pañcamīthe ablative (fifth case) stands in [its place]पञ्चमी विभक्ति होती है
lyab-lope — the gerund suffix having been elided; pañcamī — the ablative is used.
lyab-lope — ल्यप् के लोप होने पर; pañcamī — पञ्चमी
A grammar footnote. The verse's 'adarśanāt' is ablative, but Viśvanātha reads it as standing for a dropped gerund 'adarśanaṁ pradāya' ('having given his absence'): when the gerund suffix falls away, Sanskrit puts the word in the ablative.
ल्यप् प्रत्यय का लोप होने पर उसके कर्म में पञ्चमी विभक्ति होती है (इसीलिए 'अदर्शनात्')।
'lyablope pañcamī' is a standard grammatical maxim: where a gerund in -ya (lyap) is elided, its object is put in the ablative — so 'adarśanāt' does the work of 'adarśanaṁ pradāya'.
'ल्यब्लोपे पञ्चमी' एक प्रसिद्ध व्याकरण-परिभाषा है — जहाँ -य वाले ल्यप्-अन्त गेरुण्ड (क्त्वा) का लोप हो, वहाँ उसका कर्म पञ्चमी में रखा जाता है; इसीलिए 'अदर्शनात्' 'अदर्शनं प्रदाय' का काम करता है।
s9gloss
marma-hatāṁ karotu, ito’py adhika-duḥkha-samudre nimajjayatu |
marma-hatāṁ karotu'let him make me heart-struck'मर्माहत कर दे
itaḥ api adhika-duḥkha-samudreinto an ocean of grief even greater than this [joy-ocean] itaḥ = 'than this', the ānanda-samudra just named; ablative of comparisonइस (अभी कहे आनन्द-समुद्र) से भी अधिक दुःख के समुद्र में
nimajjayatulet him plunge meडुबा दे
marma-hatāṁ karotu — let him leave me struck to the core; itaḥ api adhika-duḥkha-samudre nimajjayatu — let him drown me in an ocean of grief greater even than that [ocean of joy].
marma-hatāṁ karotu — मर्माहत कर दे; itaḥ api adhika-duḥkha-samudre — इससे भी अधिक दुःख-समुद्र में; nimajjayatu — डुबा दे
The absence-option, matched to the embrace-option. Just as the embrace drowned her in an ocean of joy, so let his absence drown her in an even vaster ocean of grief. Either ocean, she welcomes.
मुझे मर्माहत कर दे — अर्थात् इस आनन्द-समुद्र से भी अधिक गहरे दुःख के समुद्र में डुबा दे।
s10gloss
yathā tahā vety anena mat-samakṣam eva mat-pratināyakāṁ ramayatu veti vyañjitam |
yathā tathā vā iti anenaby the words 'yathā tathā vā' ('or however he likes')'यथा तथा वा' इस पद से
mat-samakṣam evaright before my own eyes eva stresses 'in my very presence'मेरे ही सामने
mat-pratināyakāṁmy rival [in love] pratināyikā = the competing heroineमेरी प्रतिनायिका (सौत) को
ramayatu vā iti'or let him even make love to her'रमाए भी — ऐसा
vyañjitamis what is hinted vyañjanā — suggested, not stated outrightव्यंजित है (ध्वनित है)
yathā tathā vā iti anena — by 'or in whatever way'; mat-samakṣam eva mat-pratināyakāṁ ramayatu vā iti vyañjitam — this is suggested: 'or let him dally with my rival right in front of me'.
yathā tathā vā iti anena — 'यथा तथा वा' इससे; mat-samakṣam eva — मेरे ही सामने; mat-pratināyakāṁ — मेरी प्रतिनायिका को; ramayatu vā iti — रमाए भी; vyañjitam — व्यंजित
Here Viśvanātha catches the verse's suggestion (vyañjanā). 'Or however he likes' quietly opens onto the hardest case of all: 'or let him even sport with my rival before my very eyes.' She grants him even that.
'यथा तथा वा' इस पद से यह भी व्यंजित होता है कि वह मेरे ही सामने मेरी प्रतिनायिका (सौत) को रमा ले।
s11gloss
yato lampaṭaḥ tasya lāmpaṭyam eva vicārābhāva-vyañjakam iti bhāvaḥ |
yataḥ lampaṭaḥbecause he is a lampaṭa, a rakeक्योंकि वह लम्पट है
tasya lāmpaṭyam evahis very wantonness is precisely whatउसका लम्पटपन ही
vicāra-abhāva-vyañjakamreveals his want of any discriminationविचार के अभाव का व्यंजक है
iti bhāvaḥsuch is the importऐसा भाव है
yataḥ lampaṭaḥ — since he is a rake; tasya lāmpaṭyam eva vicāra-abhāva-vyañjakam — his very rakishness betrays his lack of discrimination; iti bhāvaḥ — so runs the sense.
yataḥ lampaṭaḥ — क्योंकि लम्पट; tasya lāmpaṭyam eva — उसका लम्पटपन ही; vicāra-abhāva-vyañjakam — विचार-अभाव का व्यंजक; iti bhāvaḥ — ऐसा भाव
Why call him 'lampaṭa'? Because his wantonness is exactly the thing that shows he weighs nothing, discriminates nothing — he simply does as his whim takes him. That, says Viśvanātha, is the force of the word.
क्योंकि वह लम्पट है, उसका यही लम्पटपन इस बात का व्यंजक है कि उसमें विचार का अभाव है — ऐसा भाव है।
s12conclusion
kintu vyavahāre vā paramārthe vā mama prāṇānāṁ nāthaḥ sa eva na tv anyas tena śrī-nārāyaṇam ahaṁ para-lokārtham api sevituṁ na śaknomi mama śrī-kṛṣṇaikatānatvād iti bhāvaḥ |
kintubut [for all that]परन्तु
vyavahāre vā paramārthe vāwhether in everyday dealing or in ultimate truthव्यवहार में हो अथवा परमार्थ में
mama prāṇānāṁ nāthaḥ sa evahe alone is the lord of my life-breathsमेरे प्राणों का स्वामी वही है
na tu anyaḥand no one elseऔर कोई नहीं
tenaand thereforeइसलिए
śrī-nārāyaṇam ahaṁ para-loka-artham api sevituṁ na śaknomiI cannot serve even Śrī Nārāyaṇa, not even for the next world's sake api = 'even'मैं परलोक के लिए भी श्रीनारायण की सेवा नहीं कर सकती
mama śrī-kṛṣṇa-eka-tānatvātbecause I am strung to Kṛṣṇa alone ablative of cause; eka-tānatva = single-stranded absorption, like one taut noteक्योंकि मेरी श्रीकृष्ण में एकतार तन्मयता है
iti bhāvaḥsuch is the importऐसा भाव है
kintu vyavahāre vā paramārthe vā mama prāṇānāṁ nāthaḥ sa eva na tu anyaḥ — but in worldly terms or ultimate terms, he alone, none else, is the lord of my life; tena śrī-nārāyaṇam ahaṁ para-loka-artham api sevituṁ na śaknomi — so I cannot serve even Nārāyaṇa, even for the next world; mama śrī-kṛṣṇa-eka-tānatvāt — because I am fixed on Kṛṣṇa alone; iti bhāvaḥ — so runs the sense.
kintu — परन्तु; vyavahāre vā paramārthe vā — व्यवहार में हो या परमार्थ में; mama prāṇānāṁ nāthaḥ sa eva — मेरे प्राणों का नाथ वही; na tu anyaḥ — और कोई नहीं; tena — इसलिए; śrī-nārāyaṇam ahaṁ para-loka-artham api sevituṁ na śaknomi — परलोक के लिए भी नारायण की सेवा नहीं कर सकती; mama śrī-kṛṣṇa-eka-tānatvāt — कृष्ण में एकतार तन्मयता के कारण; iti bhāvaḥ — ऐसा भाव
The point of the last line, and Rādhā's answer to the whole objection. In this life or the highest — he alone is the lord of my life, no other. So I cannot worship even Nārāyaṇa, not even to secure the next world; my whole being is tuned to Kṛṣṇa alone. This is her mati.
परन्तु व्यवहार में हो या परमार्थ में, मेरे प्राणों का स्वामी वही है, और कोई नहीं। इसलिए परलोक के लिए भी मैं श्रीनारायण की सेवा नहीं कर सकती, क्योंकि मेरी तन्मयता एकमात्र श्रीकृष्ण में, एक तनी हुई तान की भाँति, बँधी है — ऐसा भाव है।
s13objection
prakārāntareṇa vyākhyāyāṁ sa eva nāparaḥ ity anya-yoga-vyavacchedakena eva-kāreṇa vyañjito rasābhāso durnivāra eva syāt |
prakāra-antareṇa vyākhyāyāmif one construes it another way locative — 'in an alternative explanation'दूसरे प्रकार की व्याख्या में
sa eva na aparaḥ itireading 'sa eva na aparaḥ' ('he alone, none other')'सः एव न अपरः' — इस पाठ में
anya-yoga-vyavacchedakena eva-kāreṇaby the 'eva' that cuts off connection with anyone else anya-yoga-vyavaccheda = the 'eva' whose job is to exclude other relataअन्य से योग का व्यवच्छेद करने वाले 'एव' शब्द से
vyañjitaḥso producedव्यंजित
rasa-ābhāsaḥa rasābhāsa — a defective, false-note rasaरसाभास
durnivāraḥ eva syātwould be truly hard to ward offदुर्निवार ही हो जाएगा
prakāra-antareṇa vyākhyāyām — on another construal; sa eva na aparaḥ iti anya-yoga-vyavacchedakena eva-kāreṇa vyañjitaḥ rasa-ābhāsaḥ — the rasābhāsa suggested by the excluding 'eva' in 'he alone, none other'; durnivāraḥ eva syāt — would be truly hard to avoid.
prakāra-antareṇa vyākhyāyām — दूसरी व्याख्या में; sa eva na aparaḥ iti — 'सः एव न अपरः'; anya-yoga-vyavacchedakena eva-kāreṇa — अन्ययोग-व्यवच्छेदक 'एव' से; vyañjitaḥ — व्यंजित; rasa-ābhāsaḥ — रसाभास; durnivāraḥ eva syāt — दुर्निवार ही होगा
Viśvanātha raises a snag. Take the split 'sa eva na aparaḥ' — 'he alone, no other'. That 'eva' works by excluding everyone else. Read that way, an unavoidable rasābhāsa — a rasa struck in a false key — creeps in, since it turns her love into a bare denial of others.
दूसरे प्रकार की व्याख्या में 'सः एव न अपरः' — इस पाठ में जो 'एव' अन्य से योग का व्यवच्छेद करता है, उससे व्यंजित रसाभास दुर्निवार ही हो जाएगा।
rasābhāsa: a 'semblance of rasa', a devotional mood pitched in the wrong key so that it rings false; here the worry is that an exclusion-by-eva makes the point mere denial rather than love.
रसाभास अर्थात् रस का आभास मात्र — भक्ति का भाव जब गलत सुर में बँध जाए तो झूठा प्रतीत होता है; यहाँ आशंका यह है कि 'एव' द्वारा किया गया अन्ययोग-व्यवच्छेद बात को प्रेम के बजाय केवल निषेध बना देता है।
s14objection
sa eva nā puruṣaḥ kīdṛśaḥ ? para iti vyākhyāyām api sa eva doṣaḥ |
sa eva nā'sa eva nā' — 'he alone is the Man' here the split is 'nā' = nṛ, 'the man, the hero', not 'na aparaḥ''सः एव ना' (यहाँ 'ना' = नृ, अर्थात् पुरुष/नायक)
puruṣaḥ kīdṛśaḥ?what sort of man?वह पुरुष कैसा है?
paraḥ iti vyākhyāyām apieven on the reading 'paraḥ' ('the supreme one')'परः' — इस व्याख्या में भी
sa eva doṣaḥthe very same fault [remains]वही दोष है
sa eva nā [puruṣaḥ] — 'he alone is the man'; puruṣaḥ kīdṛśaḥ? paraḥ — what kind of man? the supreme; iti vyākhyāyām api sa eva doṣaḥ — even so construed, the same fault stands.
sa eva nā — 'सः एव ना' (ना = नृ, पुरुष); puruṣaḥ kīdṛśaḥ? — वह पुरुष कैसा; paraḥ iti vyākhyāyām api — 'परः' व्याख्या में भी; sa eva doṣaḥ — वही दोष
He tries the other split. Instead of 'na aparaḥ' ('none other'), read 'nā paraḥ' — 'he alone is the Man, and what a man: the supreme one'. But even that reading, he says, carries the very same rasābhāsa fault. Both splits are exposed to the objection.
'सः एव ना' (यहाँ 'ना' = नृ, अर्थात् पुरुष) — वह पुरुष कैसा है? 'परः' (श्रेष्ठ) — इस व्याख्या में भी वही दोष बना रहता है।
The śleṣa turns on how 'nāparaḥ' is cut: 'na aparaḥ' = 'no other', or 'nā paraḥ' = 'the man (nā = nṛ), the supreme (paraḥ)'.
श्लेष 'नापरः' के विच्छेद पर टिका है — 'न अपरः' = 'और कोई नहीं', अथवा 'ना परः' = 'ना (नृ अर्थात् पुरुष), परः (श्रेष्ठ)'।
s15alternative
yad vā, sa tu mat-prāṇanātha eva nāpara ity eva-kāra-tu-kārayoḥ sthāna-vinimayena yojanāyām anya-yoga-vyvacchedaḥ |
yad vāor else [take it this way]अथवा
sa tu mat-prāṇanāthaḥ eva na aparaḥ iti'he indeed is the lord of my life alone, none other''सः तु मत्प्राणनाथः एव न अपरः' — इस रूप में
eva-kāra-tu-kārayoḥ sthāna-vinimayenaby swapping the places of 'eva' and 'tu' instrumental of means; the verse's 'nāthas tu sa eva' is re-read as 'sa tu... eva''एव' और 'तु' शब्दों के स्थान की अदला-बदली के द्वारा
yojanāyāmon this construal locative — 'in the joining so made'इस अन्वय-योजना में
anya-yoga-vyavacchedaḥthe excluding-of-others now falls [rightly] on 'eva'अन्ययोग-व्यवच्छेद होता है
yad vā — or else; eva-kāra-tu-kārayoḥ sthāna-vinimayena — by exchanging the positions of 'eva' and 'tu'; sa tu mat-prāṇanāthaḥ eva nāparaḥ iti yojanāyām — construing 'he indeed is the lord of my life alone, none other'; anya-yoga-vyavacchedaḥ — the excluding of others [now sits on 'eva'].
yad vā — अथवा; sa tu mat-prāṇanāthaḥ eva na aparaḥ iti — 'सः तु मत्प्राणनाथः एव न अपरः'; eva-kāra-tu-kārayoḥ sthāna-vinimayena — 'एव' और 'तु' के स्थान-विनिमय से; yojanāyām — इस योजना में; anya-yoga-vyavacchedaḥ — अन्ययोग-व्यवच्छेद
Or else — and this is left standing as a second reading — swap the 'eva' and the 'tu'. The verse's 'nāthas tu sa eva' becomes 'sa tu mat-prāṇa-nātha eva nāparaḥ' — 'he indeed is the lord of my life alone, none other'. Now the excluding 'eva' attaches cleanly to 'lord of my life', which is exactly where the exclusion belongs.
अथवा 'सः तु मत्प्राणनाथः एव न अपरः' — इस प्रकार 'एव' और 'तु' शब्दों के स्थान की अदला-बदली करके अन्वय जोड़ने पर अन्ययोग-व्यवच्छेद होता है।
s16reply
kiñcid asmāñjasyaṁ na syāt, kintv asthāna-stha-patitānām adoṣaḥ syād iti nānavadhānīyo bhavitum arhati |
kiñcit asāmañjasyaṁ na syātthere would be no impropriety at allकुछ भी असामंजस्य नहीं होगा
kintuon the contraryपरन्तु
asthāna-stha-patitānāmfor [particles] that have landed out of their proper place genitive; asthāna-stha = standing in a non-place, patita = fallen [there]अस्थान में स्थित होकर गिरे हुए (शब्दों) का
adoṣaḥ syātthere is no faultदोष का अभाव होगा (क्या) — (यह विचारणीय है)
itisoयह बात
na anavadhānīyaḥ bhavitum arhatithis ought not to be passed over inattentively double negative — 'it does not deserve to be left unheeded', i.e. it merits noticeउपेक्षा के योग्य नहीं होनी चाहिए (अर्थात् ध्यान देने योग्य है)
kiñcit asāmañjasyaṁ na syāt — no impropriety would arise; kintu asthāna-stha-patitānām adoṣaḥ syāt — rather, for particles fallen out of place there is no fault; iti na anavadhānīyaḥ bhavitum arhati — so this deserves attention, not neglect.
kiñcit asāmañjasyaṁ na syāt — कुछ असंगति नहीं; kintu — परन्तु; asthāna-stha-patitānām — अस्थान में गिरे शब्दों का; adoṣaḥ syāt — दोष-अभाव होगा; iti — यह; na anavadhānīyaḥ bhavitum arhati — उपेक्षणीय नहीं
And such a swap breaks no rule. Displaced particles — an 'eva' or 'tu' shifted from its slot — are no defect in Sanskrit; the transposition costs nothing. So, Viśvanātha adds, the point deserves attention, not a careless shrug.
इसमें कुछ भी असामंजस्य नहीं होगा; परन्तु अस्थान में स्थित होकर गिरे हुए ('एव', 'तु' जैसे) शब्दों का दोष होगा या नहीं — यह बात उपेक्षा के योग्य नहीं है, अर्थात् इस पर ध्यान देना ही चाहिए।
s17conclusion
sa ca śrī-mahāprabhuḥ śrī-rādhikāṁ vinānyatra kasyām apy udājihīrṣati |
sa ca śrī-mahāprabhuḥand that Śrī Mahāprabhu [Kṛṣṇa]और वे श्रीमहाप्रभु
śrī-rādhikāṁ vināapart from Śrī Rādhikāश्रीराधिका को छोड़कर
anyatra kasyām apitoward any other woman at all locative; api = 'even a single one'और किसी में भी
udājihīrṣati[does not] wish to take up / draw [her] to himself desiderative of ud-ā-√hṛ; the exclusivity is carried by the 'rādhikāṁ vinā... api' frameउद्धार (लीला में ग्रहण) करना चाहते हैं
sa ca śrī-mahāprabhuḥ — and that great Lord; śrī-rādhikāṁ vinā anyatra kasyām api — apart from Śrī Rādhikā, toward any other woman; [na] udājihīrṣati — has no wish to take [her] up.
sa ca śrī-mahāprabhuḥ — वे श्रीमहाप्रभु; śrī-rādhikāṁ vinā — राधिका के बिना; anyatra kasyām api — और किसी में भी; udājihīrṣati — ग्रहण करना चाहते हैं
And in truth the rasābhāsa never arises, for that great Lord desires to take up no woman anywhere except Śrī Rādhikā. Since his heart wants none but her, the seeming exclusion is no false note at all.
और वे श्रीमहाप्रभु श्रीराधिका को छोड़कर और किसी एक में भी (लीला) ग्रहण करने की इच्छा नहीं रखते।
udājihīrṣati is a desiderative of ud-ā-√hṛ ('to lift/take up'); the exclusive sense ('none but Rādhā') is carried by the 'śrī-rādhikāṁ vinā... kasyām api' construction.
'उदाजिहीर्षति' उद्-आ-√हृ ('उठाना/ग्रहण करना') का सन्नन्त (इच्छार्थक) रूप है; 'श्रीराधिका के बिना... किसी में भी' — इस रचना से 'राधा को छोड़ और कोई नहीं' का अनन्य अर्थ निकलता है।
s18conclusion
kiṁ cātra pūrva-mahā-jana-prasiddho lampaṭa ity eva pāṭhas tadīya ity aśrauṣma ||
kiṁ camoreoverऔर भी
atrahere [in this verse]यहाँ
pūrva-mahā-jana-prasiddhaḥas established among the great ones of old the reading handed down by earlier authoritiesपूर्व महाजनों में प्रसिद्ध
lampaṭaḥ iti eva pāṭhaḥthe reading is exactly 'lampaṭaḥ''लम्पटः' — ऐसा ही पाठ
tadīyaḥand it is theirs [the forebears']उन्हीं का (है)
iti aśrauṣmaso we have heardऐसा हमने सुना
kiṁ ca atra pūrva-mahā-jana-prasiddhaḥ lampaṭaḥ iti eva pāṭhaḥ tadīyaḥ iti aśrauṣma — moreover, here the reading current among the great predecessors is precisely 'lampaṭaḥ', and it is theirs, so we have heard.
kiṁ ca — और भी; atra — यहाँ; pūrva-mahā-jana-prasiddhaḥ — पूर्व महाजनों में प्रसिद्ध; lampaṭaḥ iti eva pāṭhaḥ — 'लम्पटः' यही पाठ; tadīyaḥ — उन्हीं का; iti aśrauṣma — ऐसा सुना
A closing text-critical note. The reading handed down among the great predecessors is exactly 'lampaṭaḥ' ('rake') — that is their reading, Viśvanātha says, so we have heard. He is defending the bold word against any softer variant.
और भी, यहाँ पूर्व महाजनों में प्रसिद्ध 'लम्पटः' — यही पाठ उन्हीं का है, ऐसा हमने सुना है।
s20avataranika
viṣṇudāsaḥ : atha matir iti |
viṣṇudāsaḥViṣṇudāsa [now glosses]विष्णुदास (कहते हैं)
atha matiḥ ition the words 'atha matiḥ' ('now, mati')'अथ मतिः' इत्यादि
viṣṇudāsaḥ — Viṣṇudāsa; atha matiḥ iti — [comments] on 'now, mati'.
viṣṇudāsaḥ — विष्णुदास; atha matiḥ iti — 'अथ मतिः' इति
Viṣṇudāsa takes up the section-opening 'atha matiḥ', 'now [comes] mati'.
विष्णुदास 'अथ मतिः' इत्यादि (से आरम्भ करते हैं)।
s21citation
asyā lakṣaṇaṁ, yathā tatraiva— śāstrādīnāṁ vicārottham artha-nirdhāraṇaṁ matiḥ |
asyāḥ lakṣaṇaṁits definition [of mati]इसका (मति का) लक्षण
yathā tatra evaas [given] in that same [work, the Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu] tatra = the source being followedजैसे वहीं (उसी ग्रन्थ में)
śāstra-ādīnāṁ vicāra-utthamarising from deliberation on scripture and the like genitive — deliberation about śāstra etc.शास्त्र आदि के विचार से उत्पन्न
artha-nirdhāraṇaṁ matiḥthe ascertaining of the matter is matiअर्थ का निश्चय — यह मति है
asyāḥ lakṣaṇaṁ yathā tatra eva — its definition, as in that same work; śāstra-ādīnāṁ vicāra-uttham artha-nirdhāraṇaṁ matiḥ — the ascertaining of a matter, arisen from reflection on scriptures and the like, is mati.
asyāḥ lakṣaṇaṁ — इसका लक्षण; yathā tatra eva — जैसे वहीं; śāstra-ādīnāṁ vicāra-uttham — शास्त्र आदि के विचार से उठा; artha-nirdhāraṇaṁ matiḥ — अर्थ-निश्चय ही मति
For the definition Viṣṇudāsa quotes the Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu itself: mati is the settling of a matter that comes from deliberating on scripture and so on.
इसका लक्षण वहीं (उसी ग्रन्थ में) इस प्रकार है — शास्त्र आदि के विचार से उत्पन्न अर्थ का निश्चय ही मति है।
Why cited: The Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu (2.4.140-1) definition of mati, quoted to fix the technical sense of this vyabhicāri-bhāva.
क्यों उद्धृत: मति की तकनीकी परिभाषा स्थिर करने के लिए भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु (2.4.140-1) का लक्षण उद्धृत है, ताकि इस व्यभिचारी-भाव का शास्त्रीय अर्थ निश्चित रहे।
s22citation
atra kartavya-karaṇaṁ saṁśaya-bhramayoś chidā |
atrain it [mati's work is]यहाँ (इस मति में)
kartavya-karaṇaṁcarrying out what ought to be doneकर्तव्य का निर्धारण
saṁśaya-bhramayoḥ chidāthe cutting-through of doubt and error genitive dual — of saṁśaya (wavering) and bhrama (mistaken notion)संशय और भ्रम — दोनों का छेदन
atra kartavya-karaṇaṁ — here, the doing of what should be done; saṁśaya-bhramayoḥ chidā — the severing of doubt and delusion.
atra — यहाँ; kartavya-karaṇaṁ — कर्तव्य का निर्धारण; saṁśaya-bhramayoḥ chidā — संशय और भ्रम का छेदन
The verse lists what mati does: it gets the right thing done, and it cuts through both doubt and mistaken notions.
इस मति में कर्तव्य का निर्धारण होता है, और संशय तथा भ्रम — दोनों का छेदन होता है।
s23citation
upadeśaś ca śiṣyāṇām ūhāpohādayo’pi ca ||
upadeśaḥ ca śiṣyāṇāmand the instructing of disciplesऔर शिष्यों को उपदेश
ūha-apoha-ādayaḥ api caand reasoning-for and reasoning-against, and the rest too ūha = weighing a thesis, apoha = ruling out; api ca = 'and also'तथा ऊह (पक्ष को तौलना) और अपोह (निषेध) आदि भी
upadeśaḥ ca śiṣyāṇām — and instructing disciples; ūha-apoha-ādayaḥ api ca — and also pro-and-con reasoning, and so on.
upadeśaḥ ca śiṣyāṇām — शिष्यों को उपदेश; ūha-apoha-ādayaḥ api ca — ऊह-अपोह आदि भी
And more of mati's work: teaching disciples, and weighing arguments for and against a position, and the like.
और शिष्यों को उपदेश तथा ऊह-अपोह आदि भी (मति में समाविष्ट हैं)।
s24citation
[bha.ra.si.2.4.140-1] iti |
[bha.ra.si.2.4.140-1]Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 2.4.140-141[भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु 2.4.140-1]
iti— thus ends the quotation— इस प्रकार
[bha.ra.si.2.4.140-1] iti — so [runs] Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 2.4.140-141.
[bha.ra.si.2.4.140-1] — [भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु 2.4.140-1]; iti — इति
The source of the definition just given: Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 2.4.140-141.
— इस प्रकार [भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु 2.4.140-1] में कहा गया है।
Why cited: Names the source of the quoted lakṣaṇa — BRS 2.4.140-1 — as Rūpa Gosvāmī's own definition of mati.
क्यों उद्धृत: उद्धृत लक्षण का स्रोत बताता है — भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धु 2.4.140-1 — जो स्वयं रूप गोस्वामी की दी हुई मति की परिभाषा है।
s25avataranika
sā yatheti, āśliṣyeti kasyāścid vraja-sundaryāḥ sva-puruṣārtha-sāra-niścayaḥ śrī-mahāprabhu-caraṇair anūdyate |
sā yathā iti'sā yathā' — 'an example of it, thus' the standard lakṣaṇa→udāharaṇa hinge, 'now an illustration''सा यथा' कहकर (अब उदाहरण)
āśliṣya itithe verse 'āśliṣya''आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि श्लोक
kasyāḥ-cit vraja-sundaryāḥof some beautiful woman of Vraja genitive — whose conviction is voicedकिसी व्रज-सुन्दरी का
sva-puruṣa-artha-sāra-niścayaḥher settled conviction about the very essence of her highest goal puruṣārtha = life's goal, sāra = its essence, niścaya = firm resolveअपने पुरुषार्थ के सार का दृढ़ निश्चय
śrī-mahāprabhu-caraṇaiḥby the revered feet of Śrī Mahāprabhu [Caitanya] instrumental — the one who restated itश्रीमहाप्रभु के चरणों (श्रीचैतन्य) के द्वारा
anūdyateis echoed, restatedदुहराया जाता है
sā yathā iti — 'an example of it'; āśliṣya iti — the verse 'āśliṣya'; kasyāḥ-cit vraja-sundaryāḥ sva-puruṣa-artha-sāra-niścayaḥ — some Vraja beauty's firm conviction about the essence of her life's goal; śrī-mahāprabhu-caraṇaiḥ anūdyate — is restated by Śrī Mahāprabhu.
sā yathā iti — 'सा यथा'; āśliṣya iti — 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि; kasyāḥ-cit vraja-sundaryāḥ — किसी व्रज-सुन्दरी का; sva-puruṣa-artha-sāra-niścayaḥ — अपने पुरुषार्थ-सार का निश्चय; śrī-mahāprabhu-caraṇaiḥ — श्रीमहाप्रभु के चरणों द्वारा; anūdyate — दुहराया जाता है
Now the illustration. In 'āśliṣya', some beautiful Vraja gopī's rock-firm conviction about the very heart of life's highest aim is voiced — the same verse that Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu took up and repeated. Her mati and his are one.
'सा यथा' कहकर उदाहरण दिया जाता है — 'आश्लिष्य' इत्यादि श्लोक में किसी व्रज-सुन्दरी का, अपने पुरुषार्थ के सार का दृढ़ निश्चय, श्रीमहाप्रभु के चरणों द्वारा दुहराया गया है।
s26gloss
pinaṣṭu dṛḍhāliṅganenopamardayatu, kiṁ vā adarśanāt darśanam adattvā marmaṇi hatāṁ chinnāṁ karotu, kiṁ vā, yathā yena prakāreṇa tasya sukhātirekaḥ syāt, tathā tat-prakāraṁ vā vidadhātu karotu, kintu mat-prāṇa-nāthaḥ mama prāṇeśvaras tu sa eva, na tv aparaḥ anyaḥ |
pinaṣṭu dṛḍha-āliṅganena upamardayatu'let him crush' = let him press me hard in a tight embrace'पिनष्टु' — दृढ़ आलिंगन से मसल दे
kiṁ vāor elseअथवा
adarśanāt darśanam adattvā'by non-appearance' = by not granting his sightअदर्शन से, अर्थात् दर्शन न देकर
marmaṇi hatāṁ chinnāṁ karotulet him leave me struck, riven at the core marmaṇi = locative, 'at the vital spot'मर्म पर आहत, छिन्न कर दे
kiṁ vāor elseअथवा
yathā yena prakāreṇa tasya sukha-atirekaḥ syāt'however' = by whatever means his own surplus of pleasure may ariseजैसे — जिस प्रकार से उसको सुख की अधिकता हो
tathā tat-prakāraṁ vā vidadhātu karotuin that way, by that means, let him do [as he wills]उसी प्रकार से वैसा कर ले
kintu mat-prāṇa-nāthaḥ mama prāṇa-īśvaraḥ tu sa eva'but the lord of my life' = the lord of my life-breath is he aloneपरन्तु 'मत्प्राणनाथः' — मेरे प्राणों का स्वामी तो वही है
na tu aparaḥ anyaḥand no other, none elseऔर कोई नहीं
pinaṣṭu = dṛḍha-āliṅganena upamardayatu — 'crush' = press hard in a tight embrace; kiṁ vā adarśanāt = darśanam adattvā marmaṇi hatāṁ chinnāṁ karotu — or, 'by non-sight' = withholding his sight, let him leave me riven at the core; kiṁ vā yathā = yena prakāreṇa tasya sukha-atirekaḥ syāt tathā tat-prakāraṁ vidadhātu karotu — or, 'however' = in whatever way brings him a surplus of joy, let him so act; kintu mat-prāṇa-nāthaḥ = mama prāṇa-īśvaraḥ tu sa eva na tu aparaḥ — but 'lord of my life' = the lord of my life-breath is he alone, none other.
pinaṣṭu dṛḍha-āliṅganena upamardayatu — दृढ़ आलिंगन से मसल दे; kiṁ vā — अथवा; adarśanāt darśanam adattvā — दर्शन न देकर; marmaṇi hatāṁ chinnāṁ karotu — मर्म पर छिन्न कर दे; kiṁ vā — अथवा; yathā yena prakāreṇa tasya sukha-atirekaḥ syāt — जिससे उसे अधिक सुख हो; tathā tat-prakāraṁ vā vidadhātu karotu — वैसा कर ले; kintu mat-prāṇa-nāthaḥ mama prāṇa-īśvaraḥ tu sa eva — मेरे प्राणेश्वर तो वही; na tu aparaḥ anyaḥ — और कोई नहीं
Viṣṇudāsa runs through the whole verse in plain words. 'Crush me' — press me tight in his embrace. 'Or by his absence' — withholding his sight, let him leave me cut to the core. 'Or however' — whatever brings him his fill of pleasure, let him do just that. 'But the lord of my life' — the master of my very breath is he alone, and no one else.
'पिनष्टु' — दृढ़ आलिंगन से मसल दे; अथवा दर्शन न देकर मुझे मर्म पर छिन्न कर दे; अथवा जिस प्रकार से उसको अधिक सुख हो, उसी प्रकार से वैसा कर ले। परन्तु मेरे प्राणों का ईश्वर तो वही है, और कोई नहीं।
Note the divergence, left unharmonized: where Viśvanātha heard in 'yathā tathā vā' the suggestion of Kṛṣṇa dallying with a rival (s10), this gloss reads it simply as 'whatever brings Kṛṣṇa his own pleasure'.
यहाँ मतभेद बिना समन्वय के छोड़ा गया है — जहाँ विश्वनाथ ने 'यथा तथा वा' में कृष्ण के किसी प्रतिनायिका के साथ रमण का संकेत सुना था (s10), वहाँ यह व्याख्या इसे केवल 'जिससे कृष्ण को अपना सुख मिले' — इतना ही पढ़ती है।
s27citation
alaṅkāra-kaustubhe ca— premṇā vidrutam ekavad yad ubhayos tan-mānasaṁ mānasaṁ sarvāsv eva daśāsu yan navanavaṁ tat sauhṛdaṁ sauhṛdam |
alaṅkāra-kaustubhe caand in the Alaṅkāra-kaustubha [it is said]और अलंकार-कौस्तुभ में
premṇā vidrutam ekavat yat ubhayoḥ tat mānasaṁthe mind of the two lovers that, melted by love, has run together as one — that [alone] is [real] mind ekavat = 'as though one'; vidrutam = melted, liquefiedप्रेम से पिघलकर दोनों का जो एक-सा हो, वही मन है
mānasaṁ— truly mind the doubling 'mānasaṁ mānasaṁ' = 'the mind that deserves the name'(वही 'मन' कहलाने योग्य) मन
sarvāsu eva daśāsu yat nava-navaṁ tat sauhṛdaṁthe affection that stays ever-new in every single state — that [alone] is [real] friendshipसभी अवस्थाओं में जो नित-नूतन रहे, वही सौहार्द है
sauhṛdam— truly friendship(वही सच्चा) सौहार्द
premṇā vidrutam ekavat yat ubhayoḥ tat mānasaṁ mānasaṁ — the two lovers' mind, love-melted into one — that is mind indeed; sarvāsu eva daśāsu yat nava-navaṁ tat sauhṛdaṁ sauhṛdam — [the bond] ever-new in every state — that is friendship indeed.
alaṅkāra-kaustubhe ca — अलंकार-कौस्तुभ में; premṇā vidrutam ekavat yat ubhayoḥ tat mānasaṁ — प्रेम से पिघला दोनों का एक-सा मन; mānasaṁ — वही मन; sarvāsu eva daśāsu yat nava-navaṁ tat sauhṛdaṁ — सब दशाओं में नित-नूतन सौहार्द; sauhṛdam — वही सौहार्द
Viṣṇudāsa clinches it with a verse from the Alaṅkāra-kaustubha, built on a ringing refrain: the only mind worth the name is the one that love has melted so the two lovers think as one; the only friendship worth the name is the bond that stays new in every condition.
और अलंकार-कौस्तुभ में कहा है — प्रेम से पिघलकर दोनों का जो एक-सा हो जाए, वही सच्चा मन कहलाने योग्य मन है; और सभी अवस्थाओं में जो नित-नूतन बना रहे, वही सच्चा सौहार्द है।
Why cited: The Alaṅkāra-kaustubha (3.2) verse, adduced to corroborate the gopī's mati — that real mind, love, youth, and life all consist in undivided union with Kṛṣṇa, so that he alone can be the lord of her life.
क्यों उद्धृत: गोपी की मति की पुष्टि के लिए अलंकार-कौस्तुभ (3.2) का श्लोक उद्धृत है — कि सच्चा मन, प्रेम, यौवन और जीवन सभी कृष्ण के साथ अखण्ड मिलन में ही निहित हैं, इसलिए वही उसके प्राणों का नाथ हो सकता है।
s28citation
yat kṛṣṇasya vinoda-bhūr aharahas tad yauvanaṁ yauvanaṁ tad-viccheda-vidhau na yat paricayas taj jīvanaṁ jīvanam ||
yat kṛṣṇasya vinoda-bhūḥ aharahaḥ tat yauvanaṁthe youth that is Kṛṣṇa's playground day after day — that [alone] is [real] youthजो प्रतिदिन कृष्ण की क्रीड़ा-भूमि हो, वही यौवन है
yauvanaṁ— truly youth(वही सच्चा) यौवन
tat-viccheda-vidhau na yat paricayaḥ tat jīvanaṁthe life that never once makes acquaintance with separation from him — that [alone] is [real] life viccheda-vidhau = 'in the event of parting'; na paricayaḥ = 'has no familiarity'उसके वियोग की दशा में जिसका परिचय न हो, वही जीवन है
jīvanam— truly life(वही सच्चा) जीवन
yat kṛṣṇasya vinoda-bhūḥ aharahaḥ tat yauvanaṁ yauvanaṁ — the youth that is daily Kṛṣṇa's playground — that is youth indeed; tat-viccheda-vidhau na yat paricayaḥ tat jīvanaṁ jīvanam — the life that never knows parting from him — that is life indeed.
yat kṛṣṇasya vinoda-bhūḥ aharahaḥ tat yauvanaṁ — प्रतिदिन कृष्ण की क्रीड़ा-भूमि सा यौवन; yauvanaṁ — वही यौवन; tat-viccheda-vidhau na yat paricayaḥ tat jīvanaṁ — जो वियोग को न जाने वही जीवन; jīvanam — वही जीवन
The refrain continues: the only youth worth the name is the one that is Kṛṣṇa's daily playground; the only life worth the name is the one that never even makes acquaintance with separation from him. Mind, friendship, youth, life — each counts only as it belongs to Kṛṣṇa.
जो प्रतिदिन कृष्ण की क्रीड़ा-भूमि बनी रहे, वही सच्चा यौवन है; और उसके वियोग की दशा से जिसका कभी परिचय ही न हो, वही सच्चा जीवन है।
s29citation
[a.kau. 3.2] ||
[a.kau. 3.2]Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 3.2[अलंकार-कौस्तुभ 3.2]
[a.kau. 3.2] — Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 3.2.
[a.kau. 3.2] — [अलंकार-कौस्तुभ 3.2]
The source of that verse: Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 3.2.
— [अलंकार-कौस्तुभ 3.2]।
Why cited: Names the source — Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 3.2 — of the verse adduced in support of the gopī's exclusive absorption in Kṛṣṇa.
क्यों उद्धृत: श्लोक का स्रोत बताता है — अलंकार-कौस्तुभ 3.2 — जो गोपी की कृष्ण में अनन्य तन्मयता के समर्थन में उद्धृत है।