L1definition
yatra saṅkīrtayan doṣān guṇam arthena darśayet |
guṇān vā kīrtayan doṣaṁ darśayed garhaṇaṁ hi tat ||
yatrain the case where — sets up the definition; its correlative tat lands at the very end of the verse relativeजहाँ (जिस स्थिति में)
doṣānfaults — the blemishes one seems to be listing on the surface accusative plural, object of saṅkīrtayanदोषों को (कीर्तन का कर्म)
saṅkīrtayanwhile loudly proclaiming them — the speaker is busy reciting the faults out loud present participle (saṁ-√kīrt), agreeing with the implied speaker; the sustained surface actभलीभाँति गिनाता हुआ, बखान करता हुआ (वक्ता — ऊपरी क्रिया)
guṇama virtue — a single merit, the opposite of what the surface is saying accusative singular, object of darśayetकिसी गुण को (दिखाने का कर्म)
arthenaby the implied sense — not by saying it, but through what the words leave you to infer instrumental of means: the covert route by which the virtue gets shownअभिप्राय के बल से, अर्थात् व्यंग्य के द्वारा (छिपे मार्ग से)
darśayetone would end up showing — the reviling actually reveals the merit optative: the defining actप्रकट कर दे, दिखा दे (यही लक्षण-क्रिया है)
guṇānvirtues — the merits one seems to be praising, in the reverse case accusative plural, object of kīrtayan; opens the vā alternativeगुणों को — अथवा-पक्ष का आरम्भ
vāor else — the second, mirror-image way the same device runsअथवा
kīrtayanwhile proclaiming them — now the surface act is praising present participle (√kīrt)कीर्तन करता हुआ, बखान करता हुआ
doṣaṁa fault — the blemish that comes through underneath the praise accusative singular, object of darśayedकिसी दोष को (दिखाने का कर्म)
darśayedone would end up showing — the praise actually exposes the fault optative, sandhi form of darśayetदिखा दे (यही दर्शयेत् का सन्धि-रूप)
garhaṇaṁgarhaṇa — 'reviling, running-down'; the name of this device nominative, predicate of tatगर्हण (निन्दा) नामक अलंकार — तत् का विधेय
hiindeed — clinches the naming: this, precisely, is garhaṇaनिश्चय ही
tatthat very case — the correlative that closes back on yatra nominative, subject named as garhaṇaवही (जिसे गर्हण कहा गया, यही कर्ता-पद)
yatra — in the case where; doṣān saṅkīrtayan — while loudly proclaiming faults; arthena — by the implied sense; guṇam darśayet — one would show a virtue; vā — or; guṇān kīrtayan — while proclaiming virtues; doṣaṁ darśayed — one would show a fault; tat hi — that very case indeed; garhaṇaṁ — is garhaṇa.
yatra — जहाँ; doṣān saṅkīrtayan — दोषों को भलीभाँति गिनाता हुआ (वक्ता); arthena — अभिप्राय के बल से; guṇam darśayet — किसी गुण को प्रकट कर दे; vā — अथवा; guṇān kīrtayan — गुणों को बखानता हुआ; doṣaṁ darśayed — किसी दोष को दिखा दे; tat hi garhaṇam — वही निश्चय ही गर्हण है।
Here is the device. One case: a speaker keeps listing someone's faults out loud — but the way it is said leaves you to infer a virtue instead. He seems to be running the person down, yet the real sense that comes through is praise. Or the mirror case: he keeps proclaiming virtues out loud, but underneath, a fault is what actually shows. Either way — praise dressed as blame, or blame dressed as praise — that is what is called garhaṇa. The whole point sits in arthena, 'by the implied sense': the opposite meaning is never stated, only left for the listener to catch.
जहाँ वक्ता ऊपर से तो दोषों का बखान करता है, परन्तु अभिप्राय के बल से किसी गुण को प्रकट कर देता है; अथवा गुणों का कीर्तन करता हुआ किसी दोष को दिखा देता है — वही गर्हण (निन्दा) नामक अलंकार है। यहाँ उलटफेर सीधे कथन से नहीं, अपितु अर्थ अर्थात् व्यंग्य से होता है।
This kārikā is the lakṣaṇa (defining verse) of garhaṇa, 'reviling, running-down' — the subsection named here (garhaṇam) and a variety within the guṇa-kīrtana ornaments of this vibhāga. The device is two-way and always oblique: you seem to censure and thereby reveal a merit, or seem to praise and thereby reveal a flaw. The load-bearing word is arthena, 'by the [implied] sense' — the reversal is carried by suggestion, not by direct statement, which is what makes garhaṇa an ornament rather than plain praise or plain blame.
यह कारिका गर्हण नामक अलंकार का लक्षण है — 'निन्दा', 'गिराकर कहना' — जो इस विभाग के गुण-कीर्तन-अलंकारों के भीतर एक भेद है। यह अलंकार सदा दोमुखा और परोक्ष होता है: वक्ता ऊपर से दोष गिनाता हुआ किसी गुण को प्रकट कर देता है, अथवा स्तुति करता हुआ किसी दोष को दिखा देता है। इसमें भारवाही शब्द 'अर्थेन' है — अभिप्राय के बल से; यह उलटफेर सीधे कथन से नहीं अपितु व्यंजना से होता है, और इसी कारण गर्हण साधारण स्तुति या निन्दा न रहकर अलंकार बन जाता है।
yatra doṣān saṅkīrtayan arthena guṇam darśayet, vā guṇān kīrtayan doṣaṁ darśayet, tat hi garhaṇam.
yatra दोषान् (doṣān) saṅkīrtayan (वक्ता) arthena गुणम् (guṇam) darśayet, vā गुणान् (guṇān) kīrtayan दोषम् (doṣaṁ) darśayet — tat hi garhaṇam।
The case is this: where a speaker who keeps loudly proclaiming someone's faults ends up, by the implied sense, showing a virtue instead — or, the other way round, where one who keeps praising virtues ends up letting a fault come through — that, precisely, is what is called garhaṇa. Blame that reveals praise, or praise that reveals blame: either way the reversal is never stated outright but carried only by suggestion.
जहाँ वक्ता ऊपर से तो दोषों का भलीभाँति बखान करता है, परन्तु अभिप्राय के बल से अर्थात् व्यंग्य के मार्ग से किसी गुण को प्रकट कर देता है; अथवा जहाँ वह गुणों का कीर्तन करता हुआ किसी दोष को दिखा देता है — वही निश्चय ही गर्हण (निन्दा) नामक अलंकार है।
The lakṣaṇa (defining kārikā) of garhaṇa, 'reviling', a guṇa-kīrtana ornament of this vibhāga: seeming censure that reveals a merit, or seeming praise that reveals a flaw, the reversal carried by arthena — the implied sense — not by direct statement.
यह कारिका गर्हण अलंकार का लक्षण देती है — जहाँ कथन एक ओर झुकता है, पर अर्थ अर्थात् व्यंग्य से उलटा भाव प्रकट होता है।