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Commentary
JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 1.4.14
mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ syād vidhi-mārgānusāriṇām |
rāgānugāśritānāṁ tu prāyaśaḥ kevalo bhavet ||
Word for word
mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ joined with knowledge of [His] glory; syāt would be (optative); vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇām for the followers of the path of injunction (gen. pl.); rāgānugā-āśritānām for those who resort to rāgānugā (gen. pl.); tu but; prāyaśaḥ generally, for the most part; kevalaḥ unmixed (kevala); bhavet would be (optative)
mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ महिमा-ज्ञान से युक्त; syāt होगा; vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇām विधि-मार्ग के अनुयायियों का; rāgānugā-āśritānām रागानुगा का आश्रय लेने वालों का; tu तो; prāyaśaḥ प्रायः; kevalaḥ केवल; bhavet होगा
Construed
vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇām — for the followers of the path of injunction; mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ syāt — [prema] would be joined with knowledge of [His] glory; rāgānugā-āśritānām tu — but for those who resort to rāgānugā; prāyaśaḥ kevalaḥ bhavet — it would generally be unmixed.
विधि-मार्ग-अनुसारिणाम् — विधि-मार्ग के अनुयायियों का; महिमा-ज्ञान-युक्तः स्यात् — (प्रेम) महिमा-ज्ञान से युक्त होगा; रागानुगा-आश्रितानाम् तु — किन्तु रागानुगा का आश्रय लेने वालों का; प्रायशः केवलः भवेत् — प्रायः केवल होगा।
Translation
[Prema] joined with knowledge of [His] glory would belong to the followers of the path of injunction; but for those who resort to rāgānugā, it would generally be unmixed (kevala).
महिमा-ज्ञान से युक्त (प्रेम) विधि-मार्ग के अनुयायियों का होगा; किन्तु रागानुगा का आश्रय लेने वालों का प्रायः केवल होगा।
Commentary
Jīva Gosvāmī
Durgama-saṅgamanī
prāyaśa iti |
'Prāyaśaḥ.'
'प्रायः'।
vaidhy-aṁśa-yuktatve’pi na kevalaḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||
Even when there is connection with a vaidhī portion, it would not be [entirely] kevala: this is the meaning.
वैधी अंश से युक्त होने पर भी वह (पूर्णतः) केवल नहीं होगा - यही अभिप्राय है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
Bhakti-sāra-pradarśinī
prāyaśa iti |
'Prāyaśaḥ.'
'प्रायः'।
rāgānugatasyaivārcana-bhaktau vaidha-bhakty-udita-rukmiṇy-ādi-sāhityena bhāvanā-yuktatve sati na kevalaḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||
For one who follows rāgānugā, in arcana-bhakti, when there is contemplation accompanied by Rukmiṇī and others as arisen in vaidha-bhakti, it would not be [entirely] kevala: this is the meaning.
रागानुगत के लिए ही अर्चन-भक्ति में वैध-भक्ति में उदित रुक्मिणी आदि के साहित्य से भावना-युक्त होने पर वह (पूर्णतः) केवल नहीं होगा - यही अभिप्राय है।
The verse — decoded
L1definition
mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ syād vidhi-mārgānusāriṇām |
mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥjoined with the knowledge of his greatness — that is, this love comes mixed with an awareness of how great Kṛṣṇa is nom. sg., predicate; bahuvrīhi describing the understood subject (prema)महिमा के ज्ञान से युक्त (वह प्रेम जो भगवान् की महत्ता के ज्ञान से मिला हुआ हो)
syātit would be — it turns out so, as a rule optative of vague, general statementहोता है (सामान्य कथन)
vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇāmfor those who follow the path of rules — this is how it stands in the case of devotees walking the road of scriptural injunction genitive of the persons concerned, "in the case of / belonging to"विधि-मार्ग का अनुसरण करने वालों के (प्रेम में)
vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇām — for those who follow the path of rules; [prema] mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ syāt — the love would be joined with knowledge of his greatness.
vidhi-mārga-anusāriṇām — विधि-मार्ग का अनुसरण करने वालों के (प्रेम में); mahima-jñāna-yuktaḥ — (वह प्रेम) भगवान् की महिमा के ज्ञान से युक्त; syāt — होता है।
Here he states the rule for one kind of devotee. Take those who follow the path of rules, the vidhi-mārga, walking by scriptural injunction. For them the love that arises comes joined with knowledge of Kṛṣṇa's greatness. They love him, but always with an awareness of how great and mighty he is. So their love carries a note of awe. The subject, love (prema), is carried over from the earlier lines; this line only tells us what its texture is on the vidhi path.
जो साधक विधि-मार्ग का अनुसरण करते हैं, उनका प्रेम भगवान् की महिमा के ज्ञान से युक्त होता है।
vidhi-mārga (home sense: the general "path of injunction," the whole domain of scriptural command; here: specifically the road of devotion practised out of obedience to rule, contrasted with spontaneous love).
विधि-मार्ग — सामान्य अर्थ में 'आज्ञा का मार्ग', अर्थात् शास्त्र-विधान का समस्त क्षेत्र; यहाँ विशेष रूप से वह भक्ति-मार्ग जो नियम-पालन की आज्ञाकारिता से चला जाता है — स्वाभाविक (राग-मय) प्रेम के विपरीत।
L2definition
rāgānugāśritānāṁ tu prāyaśaḥ kevalo bhavet ||
rāgānugā-āśritānāmfor those who have taken shelter of rāgānugā — devotees who follow the spontaneous, love-driven path genitive of the persons concerned, "in the case of / belonging to"रागानुगा (भक्ति) का आश्रय लेने वालों के (प्रेम में)
tubut — marking the contrast with the rule-followers of the line just beforeपरन्तु
prāyaśaḥfor the most part, as a general rule — not without exceptionप्रायः (अधिकतर)
kevalaḥpure, unmixed — free of that added awareness of greatnessकेवल (शुद्ध, अमिश्रित)
bhavetit would be — this is how their love turns out optative, parallel to syāt in the previous lineहोता है (पूर्व पंक्ति के 'syāt' के समान)
rāgānugā-āśritānām tu — but for those who have taken shelter of rāgānugā; [prema] prāyaśaḥ kevalaḥ bhavet — the love would, for the most part, be pure and unmixed.
rāgānugā-āśritānām — रागानुगा का आश्रय लेने वालों के (प्रेम में); tu — परन्तु; prāyaśaḥ — प्रायः; kevalaḥ — केवल (शुद्ध); bhavet — होता है।
Now he gives the contrasting case. But take those who have taken shelter of rāgānugā, the spontaneous path driven by attraction and love. For them the love is, for the most part, pure and unmixed. Pure here means without that added sense of Kṛṣṇa's greatness. Their love does not carry the note of awe; it is simple, intimate love. Note the word "for the most part" (prāyaśaḥ): he does not say always. That small qualifier is what the three commentators go on to explain, since even here a trace of the awe-filled mood can slip in.
परन्तु जो रागानुगा (भक्ति) का आश्रय लेते हैं, उनका प्रेम प्रायः केवल (शुद्ध) होता है।
rāgānugā (home sense: "following after rāga," i.e. modelled on the spontaneous love, rāga, of Kṛṣṇa's eternal associates; here: the devotional path walked in imitation of that love rather than out of obedience to rule). kevala (ordinary sense: "only, alone"; here technical: love that is pure, unmixed with the awe born of knowing his greatness).
रागानुगा — 'राग के पीछे चलने वाली', अर्थात् कृष्ण के नित्य-पार्षदों के स्वाभाविक प्रेम (राग) के अनुरूप गढ़ी गई भक्ति; यहाँ वह भक्ति-मार्ग जो नियम की आज्ञाकारिता से नहीं, उस प्रेम के अनुकरण से चलता है। केवल — साधारण अर्थ 'मात्र, अकेला'; यहाँ तकनीकी अर्थ — वह प्रेम जो शुद्ध है, भगवान् की महिमा को जानने से उत्पन्न भय से अमिश्रित।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
prāyaśa iti |
prāyaśaḥ"generally, for the most part" — the one word from the verse Jīva picks up to explain pratīka (the word being glossed)'प्रायः' (यही प्रतीक-पद, जिसकी व्याख्या हो रही है)
iti"as for the word…" — quotation marker flagging that this is the lemma he will now unpack iti of citationइस प्रकार (उद्धरण का 'इति')
prāyaśaḥ iti — "as for the word prāyaśaḥ ('generally')"
prāyaśaḥ — 'प्रायः' शब्द को लेकर; iti — यह कहकर (व्याख्या का आरम्भ)।
Jīva picks up one word from the verse: prāyaśaḥ, "generally." He is about to explain why the verse says the rāgānugā devotee's prema is generally unmixed, and not simply always unmixed. This line just names the word he will gloss.
'प्रायः' — इस शब्द को लेकर (व्याख्या करते हैं)।
s2gloss
vaidhy-aṁśa-yuktatve’pi na kevalaḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||
vaidhy-aṁśa-yuktatve"when it is joined with some vaidhī (rule-based) portion" — i.e. in the case where a strand of injunction-based devotion is mixed in locative absolute (the condition being granted)वैध (विधि-भक्ति) के अंश से युक्त होने पर
api"even" — even in that mixed case; concedes the exception that forces the word "generally" concessive particleभी (यद्यपि)
na kevalaḥ"it is not kevala (not purely unmixed)" — the glory-free purity does not fully hold thereकेवल (शुद्ध) नहीं
syāt"it would be" — states this as the possibility the verse is guarding against optativeरहता (होता)
iti arthaḥ"that is the meaning" — Jīva closes the gloss on prāyaśaḥऐसा अर्थ है
vaidhy-aṁśa-yuktatve api — even when it is joined with some vaidhī (rule-based) portion; na kevalaḥ syāt — it would not be [entirely] kevala (unmixed); iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning
vaidhy-aṁśa-yuktatve — वैध (विधि-भक्ति) के अंश से युक्त होने पर; api — भी; na kevalaḥ — केवल (शुद्ध) नहीं; syāt — रहता; iti arthaḥ — ऐसा अभिप्राय है।
Here is why the verse says "generally" and not "always." Sometimes a strand of vaidhī devotion — devotion done by rule, which carries knowledge of the Lord's greatness — gets mixed into the rāgānugā devotee's prema. Even in that mixed case, the prema would not be fully kevala, not perfectly unmixed. The word "generally" leaves room for exactly that exception. That, says Jīva, is the point.
वैध (विधि-भक्ति) के एक अंश से युक्त होने पर भी वह केवल (शुद्ध) नहीं रह जाता — ऐसा अर्थ है।
kevala: ordinary sense "only, sole, mere"; here the technical sense is prema that is unmixed — free of the awe-laden mahima-jñāna (knowledge of the Lord's majesty) that clings to rule-based devotion. "Generally kevala" thus means "pure in the main, except where a rule-based strand creeps in."
केवल — साधारण अर्थ 'मात्र, अकेला'; यहाँ तकनीकी अर्थ — वह प्रेम जो अमिश्रित है, नियम-आधारित भक्ति से चिपके भगवान् की महिमा के ज्ञान (महिमा-ज्ञान) के भय से मुक्त। अतः 'प्रायः केवल' का अर्थ हुआ — 'मुख्यतः शुद्ध, केवल वहीं को छोड़कर जहाँ नियम-आधारित कोई अंश प्रवेश कर जाए'।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1avataranika
prāyaśa iti |
prāyaśaḥ"generally, for the most part" — he picks up this one word from the verse to explain it pratīka (catchword quoting the mūla)'प्रायः' (मूल का प्रतीक-पद)
itimarks the quoted word — "as for the word 'generally'…"यह कहकर
prāyaśaḥ — the word "generally"; iti — as for this word (now I comment on it)
prāyaśaḥ — 'प्रायः' पद को उद्धृत करके; iti — यह कहकर (अगले वाक्य की भूमिका)।
Viśvanātha picks up one word from the verse: "generally." The verse said that for rāgānugā followers prema is generally unmixed. He is about to explain why the poet said "generally" and not "always."
'प्रायः' — यह (कहकर व्याख्या आरम्भ करते हैं)।
iti after a quoted word is the standard way a commentator flags the exact word he is about to gloss; here it sets up the next sentence.
किसी उद्धृत शब्द के बाद 'इति' — यह टीकाकार का वह प्रचलित ढंग है जिससे वह ठीक उसी शब्द को इंगित करता है जिसकी व्याख्या वह करने जा रहा है; यहाँ यह अगले वाक्य की भूमिका बाँधता है।
s2gloss
rāgānugatasyaivārcana-bhaktau vaidha-bhakty-udita-rukmiṇy-ādi-sāhityena bhāvanā-yuktatve sati na kevalaḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||
rāgānugatasyafor someone who follows the path of spontaneous love (rāgānugā) genitive of the person concernedरागानुगा (भक्ति) का अनुसरण करने वाले के (प्रेम में)
evaeven for such a person — precisely the one you would expect to have pure loveही
arcana-bhaktauwhen he is engaged in deity-worship (arcana), the devotion of formal service locative: in the setting ofअर्चन-भक्ति (पूजा) के प्रसंग में
vaidha-bhakty-udita-rukmiṇy-ādi-sāhityenabecause his worship keeps company with Rukmiṇī and the other queens — figures who belong to rule-bound devotion (vaidha-bhakti) instrumental of cause/means: by being together withक्योंकि वह विधि-भक्ति से उदित रुक्मिणी आदि (उपास्यों) के साहचर्य से (मिला हुआ) होता है
bhāvanā-yuktatve satiwhen his meditation becomes joined with them — once that awareness of majesty enters locative absolute: when / once this happensजब उसकी भावना (उनसे) युक्त हो जाती है, तब
na kevalaḥ syāthis love would not be unmixed (kevala) — not pure spontaneous love, in that caseकेवल (शुद्ध) नहीं रहता
ity arthaḥthis is what "generally" meansऐसा अर्थ है
rāgānugatasya eva — even for a follower of spontaneous love; arcana-bhaktau — in deity-worship; vaidha-bhakty-udita-rukmiṇy-ādi-sāhityena — because it keeps company with Rukmiṇī and the other queens, who arise within rule-bound devotion; bhāvanā-yuktatve sati — when his meditation gets joined with them; na kevalaḥ syāt — his love would not be unmixed; ity arthaḥ — that is the meaning of "generally."
rāgānugatasya eva — रागानुगा का अनुसरण करने वाले के ही; arcana-bhaktau — अर्चन-भक्ति के प्रसंग में; vaidha-bhakty-udita-rukmiṇy-ādi-sāhityena — विधि-भक्ति से उदित रुक्मिणी आदि के साहचर्य से; bhāvanā-yuktatve sati — भावना के (उनसे) युक्त हो जाने पर; na kevalaḥ syāt — केवल (शुद्ध) नहीं रहता; ity arthaḥ — ऐसा अभिप्राय है।
Here is why the verse says "generally" and not "always." Take even a rāgānugā devotee — one on the path of spontaneous love. Suppose he is doing arcana, formal deity-worship. In that worship his meditation may fall in with Rukmiṇī and the other queens. Those figures belong to vaidha-bhakti, the rule-bound worship that carries an awareness of Kṛṣṇa's majesty. Once that awareness mixes in, his love in that moment is no longer kevala — no longer pure spontaneous love. So for rāgānugā followers prema is unmixed as a rule, but not without exception. That exception is what "generally" leaves room for.
रागानुगा का अनुसरण करने वाले का प्रेम भी अर्चन-भक्ति के प्रसंग में — जब उसकी भावना विधि-भक्ति से उदित रुक्मिणी आदि (उपास्यों) के साहचर्य से युक्त हो जाती है — केवल (शुद्ध) नहीं रह जाता; ऐसा अर्थ है।
kevala here is a technical term: "pure, unmixed" rāgānugā love, with no admixture of awe at Kṛṣṇa's greatness. Viśvanātha's point is that the mixing comes not from the devotee's own mood but from the worship-objects (Rukmiṇī etc.) he shares his meditation with, which carry the majesty-register of vaidha-bhakti.
यहाँ 'केवल' तकनीकी पद है — शुद्ध, अमिश्रित रागानुगा प्रेम, जिसमें कृष्ण की महत्ता के प्रति भय का कोई मिश्रण नहीं। विश्वनाथ का अभिप्राय यह है कि मिश्रण भक्त के अपने भाव से नहीं आता, बल्कि उन उपास्य-वस्तुओं (रुक्मिणी आदि) से आता है जिनके साथ वह अपना ध्यान बाँटता है, और जो विधि-भक्ति का महिमा-भाव साथ लाते हैं।