L1definition
prasādā vācikāloka-dāna-hārdādayo hareḥ ||
prasādāḥthe acts of grace, the ways he shows favor nominative plural; the subject being definedप्रसाद — कृष्ण के कृपा-कार्य (जिनका लक्षण किया जा रहा है)
vācika-āloka-dāna-hārda-ādayaḥnamely: through words, through giving a sight of himself, through affection in his heart, and so on nom. pl. dvandva naming the kinds; -ādayaḥ = 'and the rest'वाणी-रूप, दर्शन-दान-रूप, हृदय-स्नेह-रूप आदि (ये उनके भेद हैं)
hareḥbelonging to Hari, that is, Kṛṣṇa's own genitive: whose grace it isहरि के — जिनका यह प्रसाद है
hareḥ — of Hari; prasādāḥ — the acts of grace; vācika-āloka-dāna-hārda-ādayaḥ — [are these:] through words, through giving a sight of himself, through affection in his heart, and so on.
prasādāḥ — प्रसाद (कृपाएँ); hareḥ — हरि के; vācika-āloka-dāna-hārda-ādayaḥ — वाणी से किया अनुग्रह, दर्शन का दान, हृदय का स्नेह, आदि।
Here are the forms Hari's grace can take. One is vācika, grace through words — he speaks to the devotee. One is āloka-dāna, giving a sight of himself — he lets the devotee see him. One is hārda, the affection in his heart. And the '-ādayaḥ' means these are only examples; there are more. This finishes the point of the last verse: bhāva can spring up suddenly from Kṛṣṇa's grace, and this line lists the shapes that grace comes in.
हरि के प्रसाद — अर्थात् उनके कृपा-कार्य — अनेक प्रकार के हैं: वाणी द्वारा, दर्शन देकर, हृदय के स्नेह से, इत्यादि।
prasāda: in ordinary usage 'favor, kindness, or the food/blessing left by a deity'; here it means Kṛṣṇa's spontaneous acts of grace that can awaken bhāva in a devotee.
प्रसाद: सामान्य प्रयोग में 'कृपा, अनुग्रह, अथवा देवता का दिया हुआ प्रसाद (भोग)' — यहाँ इसका अर्थ है कृष्ण के वे स्वतःस्फूर्त कृपा-कार्य जो भक्त में भाव जगा सकते हैं।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1gloss
vācā carati vācikaḥ |
vācāby speech, through words instrumental of meansवाणी के द्वारा
caratiit operates, it acts present verbप्रवृत्त होता है
vācikaḥso it is called vācika, 'verbal' — the favor that works through his words'वाचिक' (कहलाता है)
vācikaḥ — the word 'vācika' [means]: vācā — by speech; carati — it operates. So: what operates through speech is 'verbal.'
vācā — वाणी से; carati — प्रवृत्त होता है; vācikaḥ — वह 'वाचिक' कहलाता है।
Jīva unpacks the first favor, vācika. Break it down: vācā, 'by speech,' plus carati, 'it operates.' So vācika means the favor that comes through Kṛṣṇa's words. When he blesses a devotee by speaking to him, that is his 'verbal' favor.
जो अनुग्रह वाणी के द्वारा किया जाता है, वह 'वाचिक' कहलाता है।
vācika: an adjective built from vāc, 'speech.' Here it names Kṛṣṇa's favor delivered by talking to the devotee — a spoken kindness, not a written or silent one.
वाचिक: 'वाच्' (वाणी) से बना विशेषण। यहाँ यह हरि के उस अनुग्रह का नाम है जो भक्त से बात करके किया जाता है — वाणी की कृपा, न कि लिखित या मौन।
s2gloss
svālokasya dānaṁ yatra sa tad-dvārāvirbhūta ity arthaḥ |
sva-ālokasyaof the sight of himself — of Kṛṣṇa letting himself be seen genitive; sva = his ownअपने दर्शन का
dānamthe giving nominativeदान (देना)
yatrain which [favor] locative relativeजिसमें (होता है)
saḥthat is it — that is the favor called āloka-dānaवह (अनुग्रह)
tad-dvārāby means of that, through that giving-of-sight instrumental of meansउसके द्वारा
āvirbhūtaḥhe has become manifest, he shows himself past participleप्रकट हो जाता है
iti arthaḥthat is the meaningऐसा अर्थ है
sva-ālokasya dānam yatra — the favor in which there is the giving of the sight of himself; saḥ — that is [āloka-dāna]; tad-dvārā āvirbhūtaḥ — [and] through that he shows himself; iti arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
sva-ālokasya — अपने दर्शन का; dānam — देना; yatra — जिसमें; saḥ — वह; tad-dvārā — उसके द्वारा; āvirbhūtaḥ — प्रकट हुआ; iti arthaḥ — ऐसा अर्थ है।
Now the second favor, āloka-dāna. Read it as a compound: 'the [favor] in which there is the giving of his own sight.' That one is āloka-dāna. In plain terms: through it Kṛṣṇa shows himself; he lets himself be seen. That is what the word means.
जिस अनुग्रह में अपने दर्शन का दान होता है, वह 'आलोक-दान' है; उसके द्वारा वे (कृष्ण) प्रकट हो जाते हैं — ऐसा अर्थ है।
āloka: ordinarily 'a look, a sight, seeing.' Here sva-āloka-dāna is Kṛṣṇa's giving of the sight of himself — the favor of granting his darśana, letting the devotee actually see him.
आलोक: सामान्यतः 'देखना, दृष्टि, दर्शन'। यहाँ स्व-आलोक-दान का अर्थ है कृष्ण का अपने दर्शन का दान — भक्त को अपना दर्शन देने की कृपा।
s3gloss
hṛdi bhāvo hārdam |
hṛdiin the heart locative of placeहृदय में (जो हो)
bhāvaḥthe feeling, the inner state nominativeभाव / स्नेह
hārdamis what hārda means — 'heart-feeling,' inner affection'हार्द' (कहलाता है)
hārdam — the word 'hārda' [means]: hṛdi — in the heart; bhāvaḥ — the feeling. So: the feeling in the heart.
hṛdi — हृदय में; bhāvaḥ — भाव; hārdam — वह 'हार्द' कहलाता है।
The third favor, hārda. It simply means bhāva, 'a feeling,' that is hṛdi, 'in the heart.' So hārda is Kṛṣṇa's inner affection — the love he holds in his heart for the devotee.
जो भाव हृदय में रहता है, वह 'हार्द' कहलाता है।
hārda: from hṛd, 'heart' (like Latin cor). It names the favor that lives in Kṛṣṇa's heart — his inward affection — as against the outward favors of speech and sight just glossed.
हार्द: 'हृद्' (हृदय) से बना। यह उस अनुग्रह का नाम है जो कृष्ण के हृदय में बसता है — उनका भीतरी स्नेह — जो अभी बताए गए वाणी और दर्शन के बाहरी अनुग्रहों से भिन्न है।
s4other
yat tu smerāṁ bhaṅgīty ādinā pūrvam uktaṁ tad apy atra jñeyam |
yat tubut as for what… correlative, picks up tad belowऔर जो (कुछ)
smerām bhaṅgīm iti ādināby the passage beginning 'smerāṁ bhaṅgīm…' (a verse quoted earlier) instrumental; ādinā = 'and so on''स्मेरां भङ्गीम्' इत्यादि (वचन) से
pūrvamearlier, before this adverbपहले
uktamwas said, was stated past participleकहा गया है
tat apithat too correlative to yatवह भी
atrahere, in this verse adverb of placeयहाँ
jñeyamshould be understood, is to be taken as included gerundive of obligationजान लेना चाहिए
yat tu … pūrvam uktam — but what was said earlier; smerām bhaṅgīm iti ādinā — by the passage beginning 'smerāṁ bhaṅgīm…'; tat api atra jñeyam — that too should be understood here.
yat tu — और जो; smerām bhaṅgīm iti ādinā — 'स्मेरां भङ्गीम्' इत्यादि से; pūrvam — पहले; uktam — कहा गया; tat api — वह भी; atra — यहाँ; jñeyam — जानना चाहिए।
Jīva adds a cross-reference. Earlier there was a passage that began 'smerāṁ bhaṅgīm…' — describing Kṛṣṇa's smiling glance and such. Whatever was said there, he says, should also be understood here. So the list of favors in this verse is not exhaustive: fold in those earlier ones too.
'स्मेरां भङ्गीम्' इत्यादि वचनों से पहले जो कुछ कहा गया है, वह भी यहाँ (इसी प्रसाद-प्रसंग में) जान लेना चाहिए।
s5conclusion
evaṁ vṛndāvanādikam api bhakteṣv antar-bhāvyam ||
evamin this same way, likewise adverbइसी प्रकार
vṛndāvana-ādikam apieven Vṛndāvana and the rest — the holy place and so on too api = 'even, also'वृन्दावन आदि को भी
bhakteṣuamong the devotees locativeभक्तों में (अन्तर्गत)
antar-bhāvyamis to be counted in, is to be included gerundive of obligationअन्तर्भूत मान लेना चाहिए
evam — likewise; vṛndāvana-ādikam api — even Vṛndāvana and the rest; bhakteṣu antar-bhāvyam — is to be included among the devotees.
evam — इसी प्रकार; vṛndāvana-ādikam api — वृन्दावन आदि को भी; bhakteṣu — भक्तों में; antar-bhāvyam — अन्तर्भूत करना चाहिए।
One more extension, and the same logic applies. Even Vṛndāvana and the like — the holy dhāma and such — should be counted in among the devotees. That is, the place too receives Kṛṣṇa's favor, so treat it, along with the rest, as belonging to the class of devotees who are shown these kindnesses.
इसी प्रकार वृन्दावन आदि को भी 'भक्तों' के अन्तर्गत गिन लेना चाहिए।
antar-bhāvya: 'to be made to lie inside,' i.e. to be reckoned as a member of a class. Here Vṛndāvana is to be reckoned within 'the devotees' — the dhāma is treated as itself a recipient of Kṛṣṇa's favor, not mere scenery.
अन्तर्भाव्य: 'भीतर कर देने योग्य', अर्थात् किसी वर्ग का सदस्य मान लेना। यहाँ वृन्दावन को 'भक्तों' के भीतर गिना जाता है — धाम को स्वयं कृष्ण के अनुग्रह का पात्र माना गया है, केवल दृश्य-स्थल नहीं।
Mukunda-dāsa Gosvāmī
s1gloss
vācā caratīti vācikaḥ |
vācāby speech, through words instrumental of means
caratiit goes, it operates
iti— and so, on this derivation, iti marking the word-derivation
vācikaḥit is called vācika, the 'verbal' grace
vācā carati — it operates through speech; iti — on this derivation; vācikaḥ — it is named vācika, the 'verbal' one.
First he unpacks the word vācika. What operates by speech is called vācika. So Hari's 'verbal' grace is the grace that works through his words.
vācika: an adjective built from vāc, 'speech.' Home sense in grammar: 'having to do with speech.' Here: the form of Hari's grace that reaches the devotee through what he says.
s2gloss
svālokasya sva-darśanasya dānaṁ yatra sa tad-dvārāvirbhūta ity arthaḥ |
svālokasyaof his own sight — that is,
sva-darśanasyaof being seen by them, of showing himself Mukunda's synonym for svāloka
dānaṁthe giving
yatrain which [grace] there is —
saḥthat is the one [meant by āloka-dāna]
tad-dvārāby means of that giving, through it, instrumental of means
āvirbhūtaḥhe has appeared, he has shown himself
iti arthaḥ— that is the meaning
svālokasya = sva-darśanasya — of his own sight, i.e. of showing himself; dānaṁ yatra saḥ — that grace in which there is its giving; tad-dvārā āvirbhūtaḥ — through it he has appeared; ity arthaḥ — that is the meaning.
Next he unpacks āloka-dāna, 'the gift of sight.' He first equates svāloka with sva-darśana — Hari's showing himself, his being seen. So this grace is the one in which he gives them his own sight. And through that giving he has appeared to them. That is the meaning.
āloka: ordinarily 'a look, sight, seeing.' Here Mukunda reads it actively as sva-darśana — Hari letting himself be seen — so āloka-dāna is the grace of granting his darśana.
s3gloss
hṛdi bhāvo hārdaḥ ||
hṛdiin the heart locative
bhāvaḥthe feeling, the affection
hārdaḥis what hārda means
hṛdi bhāvaḥ — the feeling in the heart; hārdaḥ — that is hārda.
Last he unpacks hārda. The feeling in the heart is hārda. So this grace is Hari's inner affection for the devotee.
hārda: derived from hṛd, 'heart.' It names the grace that is Hari's heart-feeling — his inward love — as against grace shown through speech (vācika) or sight (āloka-dāna). Note that Mukunda gives the masculine form hārdaḥ here, where Jīva reads the neuter hārdam.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
vācā carati vācikaḥ |
vācāby speech, by words instrumental of meansवाणी के द्वारा
caratiit moves, it operates, it worksप्रवृत्त होता है
vācikaḥso we call it 'vācika' — the verbal favor the mūla word being explained'वाचिक' (मूल-पद, जिसकी व्याख्या हो रही है)
vācikaḥ — the word 'vācika'; vācā — by speech; carati — [means the favor that] operates. So: 'vācika' is the favor that works through words.
vācā — वाणी से; carati — प्रवृत्त होता है; vācikaḥ — वह 'वाचिक' कहलाता है।
First he explains the mūla's word 'vācika.' It works by speech. So 'vācika' means Hari's favor given through his words. This is a plain word-breakdown: vāc (speech) plus the way it operates gives 'vācika,' the verbal favor.
जो वाणी के द्वारा किया जाता है, वह 'वाचिक' कहलाता है।
vācika: 'to do with speech' (the ordinary grammatical sense); here it names one of Hari's favors — the grace he shows by speaking to a devotee.
वाचिक: 'वाणी से सम्बन्धित' (सामान्य व्याकरणिक अर्थ); यहाँ यह हरि के एक अनुग्रह का नाम है — वह कृपा जो वे भक्त से बोलकर दिखाते हैं।
s2gloss
ālokasya dānaṁ yatra saḥ |
ālokasyaof a look, of a glance — of his letting himself be seen genitive: the thing givenदर्शन का (जो दिया जाता है)
dānamthe givingदान
yatrain which, whereजिसमें (हो)
saḥthat is it — that favor is 'āloka-dāna' bahuvrīhi: 'the one in which…'वह (अनुग्रह) — बहुव्रीहि से 'जिसमें…'
yatra — that in which; ālokasya dānam — there is the giving of a glance; saḥ — that [is 'āloka-dāna,' the second favor]. So: 'āloka-dāna' is the favor in which he gives his glance, i.e., lets himself be seen.
ālokasya — दर्शन का; dānam — दान; yatra — जिसमें; saḥ — वह ('आलोक-दान')।
Next he explains the mūla's word 'āloka-dāna.' It is the favor in which a glance is given. That is, Hari lets himself be seen. So the second favor is his granting a sight of himself. (He glosses it tersely — just 'the giving of a glance' — where other commentators add that Hari thereby appears to the devotee.)
जिस अनुग्रह में दर्शन का दान होता है, वह 'आलोक-दान' कहलाता है।
āloka: ordinarily just 'sight, a look'; here 'āloka-dāna' is Hari's favor of giving his own darśana — letting the devotee see him.
आलोक: सामान्यतः केवल 'दृष्टि, देखना'; यहाँ 'आलोक-दान' हरि का अपना दर्शन देने का अनुग्रह है — भक्त को अपने को दिखा देना।
s3gloss
hṛdi bhāvo hārdaḥ ||
hṛdiin the heart locative: where the feeling sitsहृदय में (जहाँ भाव बसता है)
bhāvaḥthe feeling, the inner moodभाव / स्नेह
hārdaḥso we call it 'hārda' — heartfelt affection the mūla word being explained'हार्द' (मूल-पद, जिसकी व्याख्या हो रही है)
hārdaḥ — the word 'hārda'; hṛdi — in the heart; bhāvaḥ — the feeling. So: 'hārda' is the feeling that is in the heart.
hṛdi — हृदय में; bhāvaḥ — भाव; hārdaḥ — वह 'हार्द' कहलाता है।
Last he explains the mūla's word 'hārda.' It is the feeling in the heart. So 'hārda' means Hari's inward affection for the devotee. Again a plain word-breakdown: 'hṛd' (heart) gives 'hārda,' the heartfelt favor. These three — the verbal favor, the favor of a glance, and heartfelt affection — are the 'and so on' (ādi) favors of Hari named in the verse.
जो भाव हृदय में रहता है, वह 'हार्द' कहलाता है।
hārda: from 'hṛd' (heart) — literally 'what is in the heart'; here it names Hari's heartfelt love shown to the devotee.
हार्द: 'हृद्' (हृदय) से — शब्दशः 'जो हृदय में है'; यहाँ यह हरि के उस हार्दिक प्रेम का नाम है जो वे भक्त को दिखाते हैं।