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JīvaMukunda-dāsaViśvanātha
BRS 1.2.247
yatha caikādaśe (11.20.9)—
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvan na jāyate ||quoted · yatha caikādaśe
The verse — decoded
L1citation
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
tāvatfor just that long correlative with yāvatāतब तक (यावता का सहसम्बन्धी)
karmāṇithe prescribed duties, the ritual works acc. pl., object of kurvītaकर्मों को (विहित कर्तव्य-कर्मों को)
kurvītaone should keep doing 3sg. optative, ātmanepadaकरता रहे
na nirvidyetaso long as he has not grown detached, tired of them na + optativeजब तक विरक्ति उत्पन्न न हो
yāvatāup to the point at which — 'for as long as' instr., correlative fixing the limitजिस सीमा तक / जब तक
yāvatā na nirvidyeta — for as long as one does not grow detached; tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta — for just that long one should keep doing the prescribed duties
yāvatā — जिस सीमा तक; na nirvidyeta — विरक्ति उत्पन्न न हो; tāvat — तब तक; karmāṇi — विहित कर्तव्य-कर्मों को; kurvīta — करता रहे
Keep performing your prescribed duties only up to a point. That point is the moment you become detached from them. As long as detachment has not come, you go on doing the works. Once it comes, the duties are no longer binding.
जब तक विरक्ति उत्पन्न न हो जाए, तब तक मनुष्य को विहित कर्तव्य-कर्म करते रहना चाहिए।
Why cited: The Bhāgavatam verse (11.20.9) that BRS quotes to fix how long prescribed karma stays obligatory — only until detachment or faith arises.
क्यों उद्धृत: श्रीमद्भागवत (11.20.9) का यह श्लोक यह निश्चित करने के लिए उद्धृत है कि विहित कर्म कब तक अनिवार्य रहते हैं — केवल तब तक, जब तक विरक्ति या श्रद्धा उत्पन्न न हो जाए।
nirveda: in general usage 'disgust, despair'; here the technical 'detachment' — the natural falling-away of interest in ritual works, not aversion.
यहाँ 'निर्वेद' का अर्थ सामान्य बोलचाल का 'घृणा' या 'निराशा' नहीं, अपितु पारिभाषिक 'विरक्ति' है — कर्मकाण्ड में रुचि का स्वाभाविक रूप से छूट जाना, न कि उसके प्रति द्वेष।
L2citation
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvan na jāyate ||
mat-kathā-śravaṇādauin hearing the stories about me and the rest of devotional practice loc. of the object of faith; ādau = 'and so on'मेरी कथाओं के श्रवण आदि में (श्रद्धा का विषय)
or else — the second cut-off point disjunctive, pairs with the first clauseअथवा
śraddhāfaith, trusting eagerness nom. sg., subject of jāyateश्रद्धा
yāvat na jāyatefor as long as it has not yet arisen, been born yāvat + na + 3sg. presentजब तक उत्पन्न न हो जाए
— or; yāvat mat-kathā-śravaṇa-ādau śraddhā na jāyate — for as long as faith in hearing my stories and the rest has not arisen; (tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta) — for just that long one should keep doing the duties
— अथवा; mat-kathā-śravaṇādau — मेरी कथाओं के श्रवण आदि में; śraddhā — श्रद्धा; yāvat na jāyate — जब तक उत्पन्न न हो जाए (तब तक कर्म करता रहे)
Kṛṣṇa is speaking: keep doing the duties also as long as this second thing has not happened. That second thing is faith arising in hearing about me and the other devotional practices. The duties bind you only until either detachment or that faith is born. Once faith in hearing comes, you turn to devotion.
अथवा जब तक मेरी कथाओं के श्रवण आदि में श्रद्धा उत्पन्न न हो जाए, तब तक कर्म करता रहे।
Why cited: Completes the SB 11.20.9 rule: the duties lapse the moment faith in hearing Kṛṣṇa's stories arises — the door out of karma into bhakti.
क्यों उद्धृत: भागवत (11.20.9) के नियम को पूर्ण करता है — जिस क्षण कृष्ण-कथा के श्रवण में श्रद्धा जाग उठे, उसी क्षण कर्म का अधिकार छूट जाता है; यही कर्म से भक्ति में प्रवेश का द्वार है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī
s1avataranika
tad evopapādayati yatheti |
tat evathat very point — the same thing just said acc., object of upapādayatiउसी बात को
upapādayatihe now backs up, establishes it with proof 3sg. presentसिद्ध (उपपादित) करते हैं
yathā itiwith the word 'yathā' ('just as, as in') pratīka — quoting the verse's first word to name it'यथा' इत्यादि श्लोक से (उसी शब्द से उस श्लोक का नामोल्लेख करते हुए)
tat eva upapādayati — he establishes that very point; yathā iti — by the passage beginning 'yathā'
tat eva — उसी बात को; upapādayati — सिद्ध करते हैं; yathā iti — 'यथा' इत्यादि श्लोक के द्वारा
Jīva sets up the quotation. The point already made is now being backed up with scriptural proof. He flags the verse by its opening word, 'yathā' — 'as in the Eleventh Canto.' So this Bhāgavatam verse is brought in as support for what came just before.
इसी सिद्धान्त को 'यथा' शब्द से आरम्भ होने वाले श्लोक के द्वारा सिद्ध किया जाता है।
s2gloss
tasmād varṇāśramety asya cāyam evārthaḥ |
tasmāttherefore, from that pratīka — first word of the 'varṇāśrama' passage being pointed to'तस्मात्' (इसी शब्द से आरम्भ होने वाले श्लोक की ओर संकेत)
varṇāśrama iti asyaof that '(tasmād) varṇāśrama…' verse gen., 'of this [verse]''वर्णाश्रम' इत्यादि इस श्लोक का
caand — this one too connective, adding this verse to the pointभी
ayam eva arthaḥthe meaning is just this same one nom., predicateयही अर्थ है
varṇāśrama-iti asya ca — and of that 'tasmād varṇāśrama…' verse too; ayam eva arthaḥ — the meaning is exactly this same one
tasmāt — 'तस्मात्' (इस शब्द से आरम्भ होने वाले); varṇāśrama iti asya — 'वर्णाश्रम' इत्यादि इस श्लोक का; ca — भी; ayam eva arthaḥ — यही अर्थ है
Jīva links back to another verse. There is a verse that begins 'tasmād varṇāśrama…' Its point, he says, is exactly the same as the point here. So both passages teach the one lesson: duties serve only until devotion takes over. He is showing the two verses agree.
और 'तस्मात्' अर्थात् 'वर्णाश्रम' इत्यादि श्लोक का भी यही अर्थ है।
varṇāśrama: the system of the four social orders (varṇa) and four life-stages (āśrama); here it stands for prescribed duty performed within that system.
'वर्णाश्रम' से तात्पर्य चार वर्णों और चार आश्रमों की व्यवस्था से है; यहाँ यह उस व्यवस्था के भीतर किए जाने वाले विहित कर्तव्य-कर्म का द्योतक है।
s3gloss
varṇāśramācāravatāpi yad viṣṇur ārādhyate, so’yaṁ panthās tat-toṣa-kāraṇaṁ nānyat kim api |
varṇāśrama-ācāravatā apieven by a person who does keep the conduct of varṇa and āśrama instr. of agent; api = 'even'वर्णाश्रम के आचार का पालन करने वाले के द्वारा भी
yat viṣṇuḥ ārādhyatethe fact that Viṣṇu is worshiped yat-clause, karmaṇi (passive)जो विष्णु की आराधना की जाती है
saḥ ayam panthāḥthat, this very path nom., subjectवही यह मार्ग
tat-toṣa-kāraṇamis the cause of his — Viṣṇu's — being pleased nom., predicateउनके (विष्णु के) सन्तोष का कारण है
na anyat kim apiand nothing else whatever is nom., exclusive negationऔर कुछ भी नहीं
varṇāśrama-ācāravatā api yat viṣṇuḥ ārādhyate — that Viṣṇu is worshiped even by one who keeps varṇāśrama conduct; saḥ ayam panthāḥ tat-toṣa-kāraṇam — that very path is the cause of pleasing him; na anyat kim api — nothing else at all is
varṇāśrama-ācāravatā api — वर्णाश्रम-आचार का पालन करने वाले के द्वारा भी; yat viṣṇuḥ ārādhyate — जो विष्णु की आराधना होती है; saḥ ayam panthāḥ — वही यह मार्ग; tat-toṣa-kāraṇam — उनके सन्तोष का कारण है; na anyat kim api — और कुछ भी नहीं
Jīva makes the reading precise. Even the person still following varṇāśrama rules does one thing that matters: through it, Viṣṇu gets worshiped. That worship — that alone — is the path, and it is what actually pleases Viṣṇu. The social duties by themselves do not please him; only the worship of Viṣṇu carried inside them does. Nothing else whatever brings his pleasure.
वर्णाश्रम के आचार का पालन करते हुए भी जो विष्णु की आराधना की जाती है, वही यह मार्ग उनके सन्तोष का कारण है — और कुछ भी नहीं।
s4avataranika
ataevoktaṁ tenaiva
atas evafor this very reason ablative sense, 'therefore'इसीलिए
uktamit has been said n. past passive participleकहा गया है
tena evaby that same speaker — Kṛṣṇa himself instr. of agent, eva = 'the very same'उन्हीं (भगवान्) के द्वारा
atas eva — for exactly this reason; tena eva uktam — it was said by that very same [Lord]
atas eva — इसीलिए; uktam — कहा गया है; tena eva — उन्हीं के द्वारा
Jīva introduces a second proof-text. Because the whole point is that only worship of Viṣṇu pleases him, the same speaker — Kṛṣṇa — has said something to match. What follows is spoken by him too. So the coming verse confirms the same teaching from Kṛṣṇa's own mouth.
इसीलिए उन्हीं (भगवान्) के द्वारा कहा गया है।
s5citation
sā hānis tan mahac chidraṁ sa mohaḥ sa ca vibhramaḥ | yan muhūrtaṁ kṣaṇaṁ vāpi vāsudevaṁ na kīrtayet ||
sā hāniḥthat is the [real] loss nom., predicate demonstrativeवही हानि है
tat mahat chidramthat is the great flaw, the gaping hole nom., predicateवही बड़ा छिद्र (दोष) है
saḥ mohaḥthat is the delusion nom., predicateवही मोह है
saḥ ca vibhramaḥand that is the blunder, the derangement nom., predicate; ca = 'and'और वही भ्रम है
yat muhūrtam kṣaṇam vā apinamely, when for an hour, or even for a moment yat correlative fixing what 'that' refers to; vā api = 'or even'जो एक मुहूर्त अथवा एक क्षण भी
vāsudevam na kīrtayetone fails to glorify Vāsudeva acc. object; na + optativeवासुदेव का कीर्तन न करे
yat muhūrtam kṣaṇam vā api vāsudevam na kīrtayet — that, when for an hour or even a moment one does not glorify Vāsudeva; sā hāniḥ, tat mahat chidram, saḥ mohaḥ, saḥ ca vibhramaḥ — that is the loss, the great flaw, the delusion, and the derangement
yat muhūrtam kṣaṇam vā api — जो एक मुहूर्त अथवा एक क्षण भी; vāsudevam na kīrtayet — वासुदेव का कीर्तन न करे; sā hāniḥ — वही हानि है; tat mahat chidram — वही बड़ा छिद्र है; saḥ mohaḥ — वही मोह है; saḥ ca vibhramaḥ — और वही भ्रम है
Jīva quotes Kṛṣṇa's own words on the flip side. To let an hour pass — even a single moment — without glorifying Vāsudeva: that is the true loss. That is the great flaw. That is delusion, and that is a real blunder. The verse hammers it with four names for one failure. It confirms Jīva's point: what pleases the Lord is turning to him, so the one real defect is any gap in that turning.
जो मनुष्य एक मुहूर्त या एक क्षण भी वासुदेव का कीर्तन नहीं करता — वही हानि है, वही बड़ा छिद्र (दोष) है, वही मोह है, और वही भ्रम है।
Why cited: Kṛṣṇa's own statement adduced to prove Jīva's thesis: only devotion to Viṣṇu/Vāsudeva counts, so the sole genuine fault is any lapse in glorifying him.
क्यों उद्धृत: स्वयं कृष्ण का यह वचन जीव गोस्वामी के सिद्धान्त की पुष्टि के लिए उद्धृत है — केवल विष्णु/वासुदेव की भक्ति ही गणनीय है, अतः एकमात्र वास्तविक दोष उनके कीर्तन में हुआ प्रमाद (लोप) है।
Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
karmāṇi nitya-naimittikādīni iti ṭīkā ca |
karmāṇi'the prescribed duties' — the verse's word 'karmāṇi' pratīka, the lemma being glossed'कर्माणि' (जिस पद की व्याख्या हो रही है)
nitya-naimittika-ādīnimeans the daily obligatory rites, the occasional rites, and the like nom. pl., the gloss on karmāṇiनित्य और नैमित्तिक आदि कर्म हैं
iti ṭīkā caso says the ṭīkā (Śrīdhara's commentary) as well iti closes the citation; ca = 'also'ऐसा टीका में भी (कहा गया है)
karmāṇi — the word 'duties'; nitya-naimittika-ādīni iti ṭīkā ca — the ṭīkā too glosses it as the daily and occasional rites and so on
karmāṇi — 'कर्माणि' (व्याख्येय पद); nitya-naimittika-ādīni — नित्य-नैमित्तिक आदि कर्म; iti ṭīkā ca — ऐसा टीका में भी
Viśvanātha pins down what 'duties' means. The verse's word karmāṇi is not just any action. It means the nitya rites — the daily obligatory ones — and the naimittika rites — the occasional ones tied to a cause — and others of that kind. He notes that the ṭīkā, the standard commentary, glosses it the same way. So both agree on the scope of the word.
'कर्माणि' अर्थात् नित्य और नैमित्तिक आदि कर्म — ऐसा टीका में भी कहा गया है।
nitya-karma: rites obligatory every day regardless of occasion (e.g. daily sandhyā); naimittika-karma: rites triggered by a specific occasion (e.g. a rite on an eclipse). Both are duties, not optional desire-driven acts.
नित्य-कर्म वे हैं जो प्रतिदिन बिना किसी विशेष निमित्त के अनिवार्य हैं (जैसे नित्य सन्ध्या); नैमित्तिक-कर्म किसी विशेष अवसर पर करणीय होते हैं (जैसे ग्रहण के समय का कर्म)। दोनों ही कर्तव्य हैं, कामनाजन्य वैकल्पिक कर्म नहीं।
s2avataranika
atra—
atrahere, on this point adverb, 'in this connection'इस प्रसंग में
atra — here [on this very point, one may cite]
atra — इस प्रसंग में
Viśvanātha signals that a proof-text is coming. 'Here,' he says — meaning, bearing on exactly this question of duties. The dash tells us a verse follows. He is about to raise the objection that giving up prescribed rites breaks the Lord's command.
इस प्रसंग में (यह शंका उठती है) —
s3objection
śruti-smṛtī mamaivājñe yas te ullaṅghya vartate | ājñā-cchedī mama dveṣī mad-bhakto’pi na vaiṣṇavaḥ ||
śruti-smṛtīthe Śruti and the Smṛti — revealed scripture and remembered law nom. dual, subjectश्रुति और स्मृति
mama eva ājñeare my own two commands nom. dual predicate; eva = 'my very own'मेरी ही आज्ञाएँ हैं
yaḥ te ullaṅghya vartatewhoever lives overstepping these two yaḥ relative; te = 'those two'; ullaṅghya = gerund 'having transgressed'जो उन दोनों का उल्लंघन करके चलता है
ājñā-cchedīis a breaker of my command nom., predicate of yaḥवह आज्ञा-भंग करने वाला है
mama dveṣīis a hater of me nom., predicateमेरा द्वेषी है
mad-bhaktaḥ apieven if he is a devotee of mine nom.; api = 'even'मेरा भक्त होते हुए भी
na vaiṣṇavaḥhe is not a true Vaiṣṇava nom., predicate with naवैष्णव नहीं है
śruti-smṛtī mama eva ājñe — Śruti and Smṛti are my very own two commands; yaḥ te ullaṅghya vartate — whoever lives overstepping them; ājñā-cchedī, mama dveṣī — is a command-breaker, a hater of me; mad-bhaktaḥ api na vaiṣṇavaḥ — even if a devotee of mine, he is no Vaiṣṇava
śruti-smṛtī — श्रुति और स्मृति; mama eva ājñe — मेरी ही आज्ञाएँ हैं; yaḥ te ullaṅghya vartate — जो उन दोनों का उल्लंघन करके चलता है; ājñā-cchedī — वह आज्ञा-भंगकर्ता है; mama dveṣī — मेरा द्वेषी है; mad-bhaktaḥ api — मेरा भक्त होते हुए भी; na vaiṣṇavaḥ — वैष्णव नहीं है
Viśvanātha raises the hard objection in Kṛṣṇa's own voice. Scripture — both Śruti and Smṛti — is my personal command, the Lord says. Anyone who lives by overstepping them breaks my order. He is a command-breaker and even hates me. And even if he calls himself my devotee, he is not a real Vaiṣṇava. The objection bites: if the Bhāgavatam verse lets you drop prescribed duties, aren't you overstepping the Lord's own command and disqualified?
श्रुति और स्मृति मेरी ही आज्ञाएँ हैं; जो इन दोनों का उल्लंघन करके आचरण करता है, वह आज्ञा-भंग करने वाला है, मेरा द्वेषी है; मेरा भक्त होते हुए भी वह वैष्णव नहीं है।
Why cited: Raised as the objection: scripture is Kṛṣṇa's command, so abandoning prescribed rites (as SB 11.20.9 seems to allow) would make one a command-breaker — even a 'devotee' would be no Vaiṣṇava.
क्यों उद्धृत: यह शंका के रूप में उद्धृत है — शास्त्र कृष्ण की आज्ञा है, अतः विहित कर्मों का त्याग (जैसा भागवत 11.20.9 अनुमति देता प्रतीत होता है) मनुष्य को आज्ञा-भंगकर्ता बना देगा; तब 'भक्त' भी वैष्णव न रहेगा।
s4reply
ity ukta-doṣo’py atra nāsti |
iti ukta-doṣaḥ apieven the fault stated in that [verse] iti closes the quote; nom. subject; api = 'even'इस प्रकार जो दोष कहा गया, वह भी
atrahere, in this case adverbयहाँ (इस पक्ष में)
na astidoes not arise, is not present 3sg. present with naनहीं है
iti ukta-doṣaḥ api — even the fault stated by that [verse]; atra na asti — is not present here
iti ukta-doṣaḥ api — इस प्रकार कहा गया दोष भी; atra — यहाँ; na asti — नहीं है
Viśvanātha answers the objection. The fault named in that quoted verse — being a command-breaker, no true Vaiṣṇava — simply does not apply here. Dropping the rites the way the Bhāgavatam allows is not overstepping Kṛṣṇa's command at all. He now gives the reason why.
इस प्रकार जो दोष कहा गया, वह भी यहाँ (इस पक्ष में) नहीं है।
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ājñā-karaṇāt, pratyuta jātayor api nirveda-śraddhayos tat-karaṇa evājñā-bhaṅgaḥ syat ||
ājñā-karaṇātbecause he is in fact carrying out the command abl. of cause, 'because of doing the order'क्योंकि (इसमें तो) आज्ञा का पालन ही होता है
pratyutaon the contrary, quite the reverse adverb, turning the objection aroundबल्कि / उल्टे
jātayoḥ api nirveda-śraddhayoḥonce detachment and faith have actually arisen loc. absolute, dual; api = 'indeed'विरक्ति और श्रद्धा के उत्पन्न हो जाने पर
tat-karaṇe evain the very doing of those [rites] then loc., 'in performing them'; eva = 'precisely'उन कर्मों को करने में ही
ājñā-bhaṅgaḥ syātwould be the breaking of the command nom. + optative, 'would occur'आज्ञा-भंग होगा
ājñā-karaṇāt — because [stopping then] is itself obeying the command; pratyuta — on the contrary; jātayoḥ api nirveda-śraddhayoḥ — once detachment and faith have arisen; tat-karaṇe eva ājñā-bhaṅgaḥ syāt — the breaking of the command would lie precisely in still doing those rites
ājñā-karaṇāt — क्योंकि आज्ञा का पालन ही होता है; pratyuta — बल्कि उल्टे; jātayoḥ api nirveda-śraddhayoḥ — विरक्ति और श्रद्धा के उत्पन्न हो जाने पर; tat-karaṇe eva — उन कर्मों को करने में ही; ājñā-bhaṅgaḥ syāt — आज्ञा-भंग होगा
Viśvanātha turns the objection on its head. Stopping the rites at the right time is itself obeying Kṛṣṇa's command, because the command was 'do them only until detachment or faith comes.' So there is no fault. In fact the reverse is true: once detachment and faith have actually arisen, going on with the rites anyway would be the real breaking of the command. The Bhāgavatam verse and the 'śruti-smṛtī' verse agree perfectly — obedience means dropping the duties once faith dawns, not clinging to them.
क्योंकि (इसमें तो) आज्ञा का पालन ही होता है; बल्कि उल्टे, विरक्ति और श्रद्धा के उत्पन्न हो जाने पर तो उन कर्मों को करते रहने में ही आज्ञा-भंग होगा।