līlā-kīrtanam, yathā saptame (7.9.18)—
so’haṁ priyasya suhṛdaḥ para-devatāyā
līlā-kathās tava nṛsiṁha viriñca-gītāḥ |
añjas titarmy anugṛṇan guṇa-vipramukto
durgāṇi te pada-yugālaya-haṁsa-saṅgaḥ ||quoted · saptame
The verse — decoded
L1invocation
so’haṁ priyasya suhṛdaḥ para-devatāyā
saḥ ahamthat very I — lowly as I am nom. subject; saḥ + ahamवह मैं (जो पहले संसार में डूबा था)
priyasyaof you who are the dear one gen., qualifies tava in L2जो प्रिय है — उसकी
suhṛdaḥof you the true friend, the well-wisher gen., parallelजो सुहृद् (हितैषी) है — उसकी
para-devatāyāḥof you the supreme deity gen., parallelजो सबका परम आराध्य देव है — उसकी
saḥ aham — that very I; priyasya — of you the dear one; suhṛdaḥ — the true friend; para-devatāyāḥ — the supreme deity (all three genitives resumed by tava in L2)
saḥ aham — वह मैं; priyasya — प्रिय की; suhṛdaḥ — सुहृद् (हितैषी) की; para-devatāyāḥ — परम देवता की
It is I — lowly as I am. And you are the dear one, the true friend, the supreme deity. These three descriptions all belong to "you" (tava), picked up in the next line. Prahlāda first sets who he is and who the Lord is to him.
वह मैं — हे नृसिंह, तू जो प्रिय है, हितैषी है, और सबका परम आराध्य देव है — उसकी।
para-devatā: literally "the highest divinity." Here it names Nṛsiṁha as the God above all gods, worshipped by everyone else.
परम-देवता का शाब्दिक अर्थ है "सबसे ऊँचा देव।" यहाँ यह नृसिंह को नाम देता है — वे देव जो सब देवताओं के ऊपर हैं और जिनकी पूजा शेष सब करते हैं।
L2invocation
līlā-kathās tava nṛsiṁha viriñca-gītāḥ |
līlā-kathāḥthe stories of your play, your pastimes acc. pl., object of anugṛṇan in L3लीला-कथाओं को (तेरी लीलाओं के वृत्तान्तों को)
tavayour — tying back the three descriptions of L1 gen.तेरी
nṛsiṁhaO Nṛsiṁha voc.हे नृसिंह!
viriñca-gītāḥwhich were sung by Brahmā (Viriñca) modifies kathāḥजो विरिञ्च (ब्रह्मा) द्वारा गाई गई हैं — वे कथाएँ
tava — your; līlā-kathāḥ — the stories of [your] pastimes; viriñca-gītāḥ — sung by Brahmā; nṛsiṁha — O Nṛsiṁha (vocative)
līlā-kathāḥ — लीला-कथाओं को; tava — तेरी; nṛsiṁha — हे नृसिंह; viriñca-gītāḥ — विरिञ्च (ब्रह्मा) द्वारा गाई हुई
O Nṛsiṁha — the stories of your pastimes, stories that even Brahmā sings. "Your" (tava) gathers up the three names from the last line: these are the pastimes of the dear one, the friend, the supreme deity. That Brahmā himself sings them shows how exalted they are.
हे नृसिंह! तेरी उन लीला-कथाओं को, जिन्हें विरिञ्च (ब्रह्मा) ने गाया है।
Viriñca is a name of Brahmā, the first-born creator. Naming him as the singer marks the pastime-stories as the highest praise, sung at the top of creation.
विरिञ्च ब्रह्मा का नाम है — प्रथम जन्मे स्रष्टा। उन्हें गायक कहना इन लीला-कथाओं को सर्वोच्च स्तुति के रूप में चिह्नित करता है, जो सृष्टि के शिखर पर गाई जाती है।
L3invocation
añjas titarmy anugṛṇan guṇa-vipramukto
añjaḥeasily, without trouble adverb with titarmiसहज ही, अनायास
titarmiI cross over 1st sg. intensive pres. of √tṝमैं पार कर जाता हूँ (तर जाता हूँ)
anugṛṇanwhile chanting them along, echoing them in praise pres. participle, nom., agreeing with the subjectगाते हुए, कीर्तन करते हुए
guṇa-vipramuktaḥcompletely freed from the guṇas (the modes of material nature) nom., describes the subject — the result/condition of crossingगुणों से पूर्णतः मुक्त होकर
anugṛṇan — while chanting [the pastime-stories] along; guṇa-vipramuktaḥ — set free from the modes of nature; añjaḥ — easily; titarmi — I cross over
añjaḥ — सहज ही; titarmi — मैं तर जाता हूँ; anugṛṇan — गाते हुए; guṇa-vipramuktaḥ — गुणों से मुक्त होकर
By chanting those pastime-stories along, I cross over easily. In doing so I am set completely free from the guṇas — the three modes of material nature. The chanting is the means; freedom from the modes and an easy crossing are the fruit.
उन कथाओं को गाते हुए मैं सहज ही तर जाता हूँ — गुणों से पूर्णतः मुक्त होकर।
guṇa: in Sāṅkhya, the three "strands" of material nature — sattva, rajas, tamas — that bind the soul. Here "freed from the guṇas" means lifted out of that whole binding fabric.
गुण — सांख्य में प्रकृति के तीन "तन्तु" (सत्त्व, रज, तम), जो जीव को बाँधते हैं। यहाँ "गुणों से मुक्त" का अर्थ है उस समूचे बन्धन-जाल से ऊपर उठ जाना।
L4invocation
durgāṇi te pada-yugālaya-haṁsa-saṅgaḥ ||
durgāṇithe hard-to-cross obstacles — the forts of material existence acc. pl., object of titarmiदुर्गम मार्गों को (जिन्हें पार करना कठिन है)
teyour — going with the foot-pair below gen.तेरे
pada-yugālaya-haṁsa-saṅgaḥone who has the company of the swan-like devotees whose home is the pair of your feet nom. bahuvrīhi, describes the subject — the means of crossingतेरे चरण-युगल को ही आलय (आश्रय) बनाने वाले हंसों का संग जिसे प्राप्त है, वह
te — your; pada-yugālaya-haṁsa-saṅgaḥ — having the fellowship of the haṁsa-devotees who dwell at [your] two feet; durgāṇi — the hard passages [of existence] (object carried over from titarmi in L3)
durgāṇi — दुर्गम मार्गों को; te — तेरे; pada-yugālaya-haṁsa-saṅgaḥ — तेरे चरण-युगल में वास करने वाले हंसों (परमहंसों) का संग जिसे प्राप्त है, ऐसा वह
I cross over the hard-to-cross obstacles — the strongholds of material life. What carries me is the fellowship of the haṁsas: the swan-like great devotees who make their home at the pair of your feet. So the crossing is done in their company, not alone.
तेरे चरण-युगल को ही आश्रय बनाकर रहने वाले हंसों (परमहंसों) का संग जिसे मिला है — वह इन दुर्गम मार्गों को पार कर जाता है।
haṁsa: normally the swan or gander — the bird tradition says can drink the milk from a milk-and-water mix. Here it means the paramahaṁsa, the topmost liberated devotee who takes only the essence, God, and dwells at his feet.
हंस — साधारणतः वह पक्षी जिसके विषय में परम्परा कहती है कि वह दूध-जल के मिश्रण में से केवल दूध पी लेता है। यहाँ इसका अर्थ परमहंस है — सर्वोच्च मुक्त भक्त, जो केवल सार अर्थात् भगवान् को ही ग्रहण करता है और उनके चरणों में वास करता है।
Commentary — decoded
Jīva Gosvāmī + Viśvanātha Cakravartī
s1gloss
titarmi tariṣyāmīty arthaḥ ||
titarmithe word "titarmi" ("I cross over") the verse-word being explained'तितर्मि' (श्लोक का जो शब्द समझाया जा रहा है)
tariṣyāmimeans "I shall cross over" simple future'मैं तर जाऊँगा' (भविष्यत् काल में)
iti arthaḥthat is the sense gloss-closing formulaऐसा अर्थ है
titarmi — the word titarmi; tariṣyāmi iti arthaḥ — means "I shall cross over," that is the sense
titarmi — 'तितर्मि'; tariṣyāmi — 'मैं तर जाऊँगा'; iti arthaḥ — यही अर्थ है
Jīva and Viśvanātha explain the verb: "titarmi" here means "tariṣyāmi" — "I shall cross over." So although the form looks present, they read it as pointing to the future: I will surely cross. (Mukunda, below, reads the same verb differently, as a present act; the two glosses stand side by side.)
'तितर्मि' का अर्थ है 'मैं तर जाऊँगा' (भविष्यत् काल)।
titarmi is a reduplicated (intensive) present of √tṝ, "to cross." Read one way it stresses a present, repeated crossing; these commentators instead take it as future certainty — "I shall cross."
'तितर्मि' √तृ ("तरना") का द्विरुक्त, अभ्यासयुक्त वर्तमान रूप है। एक पाठ में यह वर्तमान में बार-बार तरने पर बल देता है; ये टीकाकार इसे भविष्यत् की निश्चितता के रूप में लेते हैं — "मैं तर जाऊँगा।"
Mukunda-dāsa Gosvāmī
s1other
so’ham iti |
so'ham itithe verse beginning "so'ham" [is now taken up] pratīka — a lemma-heading naming the verse
so'ham iti — [the verse] that starts with the words "so'ham"
Mukunda marks which verse he is about to comment on by quoting its first words: "so'ham..." This is just a heading — "the verse beginning so'ham" — not an argument. His actual gloss follows in the next sentence.
s2gloss
anugṛṇan kīrtayan titarmy anāyāsena atikrāmann asmīty arthaḥ ||
anugṛṇanthe word "anugṛṇan" verse-word being explained
kīrtayanmeans "chanting, glorifying [the pastime-stories]" gloss of anugṛṇan
titarmiand the word "titarmi" second verse-word being explained
anāyāsenameans: without any effort instr. of manner
atikrāman asmi"I am crossing right over [them]" periphrastic present — participle + asmi, ongoing action
iti arthaḥthat is the sense gloss-closing formula
anugṛṇan — kīrtayan, chanting/glorifying; titarmi — anāyāsena atikrāman asmi, "I am effortlessly crossing over," iti arthaḥ — that is the sense
Mukunda glosses two words. First, "anugṛṇan" means kīrtayan — chanting, glorifying the pastime-stories. Second, "titarmi" means "anāyāsena atikrāman asmi" — "I am crossing right over them, effortlessly." Note he reads titarmi as a present, ongoing act — "I am crossing now, and with no strain." This differs from Jīva and Viśvanātha above, who read the same verb as future ("I shall cross"); both readings are left standing.
atikrāman asmi is a periphrastic present (participle + "am"), stressing action in progress; with anāyāsena ("effortlessly") it paints the crossing as happening right now and without struggle.